List of Yakuza syndicates
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Yakuza (Japanese:
, [ja?k?za]), also known as gokudo (??, "the extreme path"), are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. They operate internationally with an estimated 102,000 members.[1]
Contents
1 Syndicates
1.1 Four largest syndicates
1.2 Designated boryokudan
1.3 Designated boryokudan in the past
1.4 Other notable boryokudan
1.5 Other prominent boryokudan
2 References
3 Bibliography
4 External links
Syndicates
Four largest syndicates
Although yakuza membership has declined following an anti-gang law aimed specifically at yakuza and passed by the Japanese government in 1992, there are thought to be more than 58,000 active yakuza members in Japan today.[2][3]
Principal families Description Mon (crest)
Yamaguchi-gumi (
Rokudaime Yamaguchi-gumi) The Yamaguchi-gumi is the biggest yakuza family, accounting for 50% of all yakuza in Japan, with more than 55,000 members divided into 850 clans. Yamabishi.svg
"Yamabishi" (??)
Sumiyoshi-kai (
) The Sumiyoshi-kai is the second largest yakuza family, with 20,000 members divided into 277 clans. Sumiyoshi-kai is a confederation of smaller yakuza groups. Its current head (?? oyabun) is Isao Seki. Sumiyoshi-kai.svg
Inagawa-kai (
) The Inagawa-kai is the third largest yakuza family in Japan, with roughly 15,000 members divided into 313 clans. It is based in the Tokyo-Yokohama area and was one of the first yakuza families to expand its operations outside of Japan.
??.png
Aizukotetsu-kai (
?? Rokudaime Aizukotetsu-kai) The Aizukotetsu-kai is the fourth largest yakuza family in Japan, with roughly 7,000 members. Rather than a stand-alone gang, the Aizukotetsu-kai is a federation of approximately 100 of Kyoto's various yakuza groups. Its name comes from the Aizu region, "Kotetsu", a type of Japanese sword. Its main base is in Kyoto. Aizukotetsu-kai.png
Designated boryokudan
A designated boryokudan (
?? Shitei Boryokudan)[4] is a "particularly harmful" yakuza group[5] registered by the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions under the Organized Crime Countermeasures Law (
Boryokudan Taisaku Ho) enacted in 1991.[6]
The numbers that follow the names of boryokudan groups refer to the group's leadership. For example, Yoshinori Watanabe headed the Yamaguchi-gumi fifth; on his retirement, Shinobu Tsukasa became head of the Yamaguchi-gumi sixth, and "Yamaguchi-gumi VI" is the group's formal name.
Name Japanese Name Headquarters Reg. in Notes
Yamabishi.svg Yamaguchi-gumi VI
Kobe, Hyogo 1992 Yamaguchi means the surname of the boss and kumi or gumi means group.
??.png Inagawa-kai
Minato, Tokyo 1992 Inagawa means the surname of the boss and kai means organization or society. It is a member of the Kanto-Shinboku-kai (Kanto social gathering).
.png Sumiyoshi-kai
Minato, Tokyo 1992 Sumiyoshi means the name of place. It is a member of the Kanto-Shinboku-kai.
Aizukotetsu-kai.png Aizu-Kotetsu-kai VI
?? Kyoto, Kyoto 1992 It was renamed from Aizu-Kotetsu in 1998. Aizu Kotetsu means the nickname of the first boss and Aizu means the name of place.
Kudo-kai.png Kudo-kai V
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 1992 It was renamed from Kudo-rengo-Kusano-ikka in 1999. Kudo means the surname of the boss. It is a member of the Yonsha-kai (Four social gathering).
??.png Kyokuryu-kai
Okinawa, Okinawa 1992 It was renamed from Okinawa-Kyokuryu-kai in 2011.
.png Kyosei-kai V
Hiroshima, Hiroshima 1992 It is a member of the Gosha-kai (Five social gathering).
?.png Goda-ikka VII
? Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 1992 Goda means the surname of the boss and ikka means family. It is a member of the Gosha-kai.
Kozakura-ikka.png Kozakura-ikka IV
? Kagoshima, Kagoshima 1992
Asano-gumi.png Asano-gumi V
Kasaoka, Okayama 1992 Asano means the surname of the boss. It is a member of the Gosha-kai.
.png Dojin-kai
Kurume, Fukuoka 1992 It is a member of the Yonsha-kai.
Shinwa-kai.png Shinwa-kai II
Takamatsu, Kagawa 1992 It is a member of the Gosha-kai.
.png Soai-kai
Ichihara, Chiba 1992 It is a member of the Kanto-Shinboku-kai.
Kyodo-kai.png Kyodo-kai III
Onomichi, Hiroshima 1993 It is a member of the Gosha-kai.
.png Taishu-kai
Tagawa, Fukuoka 1993 Taishu means the nickname of the first boss. It is a member of the Yonsha-kai.
.png Sakaume-gumi IX
Osaka, Osaka 1993
.png Kyokuto-kai
Toshima, Tokyo 1993 Kyokuto means Far East. It is a member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai (Kanto Shennong Association). It is a tekiya group.
??.png Azuma-gumi II
?? Osaka, Osaka 1993 Azuma means the surname of the boss.
.png Matsuba-kai
Taito, Tokyo 1994 Matsuba means pine needle, is kamon of the boss of predecessor syndicate Sekine-gumi. It is a member of the Kanto-Shinboku-kai.
.png Fukuhaku-kai III
Fukuoka, Fukuoka 2000 Fukuhaku means the name of place, Hakata Fukuoka.
Namikawa-kai
Omuta, Fukuoka 2008 It was formed from split from Dojin-kai in 2006 and remained active until on June 11, 2013, when the senior members of the Kyushu Seido-kai said that the gang was disbanding to rejoin the Dojin-kai after resolving the problems the dispute had caused. On October 7, 2013 was formed the Namikawa-mutsumi-kai by upper members of the former Kyushu-Seido-kai when they visited a shrine in Kumamoto Prefecture when one member read aloud an oath announcing the formation of the new yakuza group, based in Omuta City, Fukuoka. Namikawa means the surname of the boss.
Yamabishi.svg Kobe-Yamaguchi-gumi
?? Awaji, Hyogo 2016 It was split of Yamaguchi-gumi VI in 2015.
Designated boryokudan in the past
Name Japanese Name Headquarters Designated in Notes
Ishikawa-ikka
? Saga 1993–1995 Ishikawa means the surname of the boss. It was joined to the Yamaguchi-gumi V in 1995.
Dainippon-Heiwa-kai II
Hyogo 1994–1997 It was successor of Honda-kai. Dainippon means Great Japan and heiwa means peace. It was not designated update.
Kumamoto-rengo Yamano-kai III
?
Kumamoto 1998–2001 Kumamoto means the name of place and rengo means coalition. Yamano means the surname of the boss. It was destroyed.
Kyokuto-Sakurai-soke-rengo-kai
Shizuoka 1993–2005 Sakurai means the surname of the boss, soke means all family or head family and rengo-kai means federation. It disappeared.
Kokusui-kai
Tokyo 1994–2005 Kokusui means Japanese nationalism. It was joined to the Yamaguchi-gumi VI.
Nakano-kai
Osaka 1999–2005 It was split from Yamaguchi-gumi in 1997. Nakano means the surname of the boss. It was disbanded in 2005.
Kyokuryu-kai IV
Okinawa 1992–2012 It has been merged into Okinawa-Kyokuryu-kai in 2011.
Other notable boryokudan
Name Japanese name Headquarters Boss Notes
Seishin-kai
Iwate Ota Seigo? (?? ??) Its core is the Tokyo-Seidai-Hoshi-ikka-Ota III (
).
Genseida-Koyu-kai
Ibaraki Shiroo Tanabe (
??) Its core is the Genseida-Tanabe III (
). It had once belonged to the Zen-Nihon-Genseida-rengo-kai (
).
Matsuba-kai-Sekine-gumi
Ibaraki Nariaki Otsuka (?? ??) It was split from Matsuba-kai in 2014. Sekine is the surname of the boss.
Chorakuji-ikka III
?? Tochigi Kazuo Hori (? ??)
Yorii-soke VII
? Gunma Kiyoshi Kawada? (?? ??) It withdrew from Kodo-kai. Yorii is a place name and soke means head family.
Yorii-bunke V
? Gunma Hiroshi Godai (?? ?) Bunke means branch family. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Kameya-ikka V
? Saitama Akira Shirahata? (?? ?) It was split from Takezawa-kai.
Yoshiha-kai VII
Saitama Kiyomasa Nakamura (?? ??) It was split from Takezawa-kai. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Takezawa-kai
Chiba Haruo Otawa (
??) Formerly known as Zen-Takezawa-rengo-kai. Takezawa is the surname of the boss. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Asakusa-Sanzun V
? Tokyo Yutaka Fujisaki (?? ?) Asakusa is a place name and sanzun is a kind of tekiya.
Anegasaki-kai
? Tokyo Shigetami Nakanome (
??) Formerly known as Anegasaki-rengo-kai in 2006. Anegasaki is a place name. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Iijima-kai VIII
Tokyo Kanji Nishikawa? (?? ??) Formerly known as Zen-Nihon-Iijima-rengo-kai. Iijima is the surname of the boss. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Okaniwa-kai
Tokyo Seiichiro Okaniwa (??
) Okaniwa is the surname of the boss. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Kawaguchiya-kai
? Tokyo Kiyoshi Osaka (?? ?)
Kanda-Takagi VII
? Tokyo Akira Nagamura (?? ?) Kanda is a place name and Takagi is the surname of the boss.
Shitaya-Hanajima-kai?
?? Tokyo Osaka Isamu]]? (?? ?) Shitaya is a place name. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Joshuya-kai
? Tokyo Katsuhiko Ito]] (?? ??) Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Shinmon-rengo-kai
?? Tokyo Naoaki Kasama (?? ??) It has inherited the genealogy of Shinmon Tatsugoro.
Sugito-kai
Tokyo Tomoaki Nohara (?? ??) Sugito means east of Suginami. Formerly known as Sugito-rengo-kai. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Daigo-kai
Tokyo Hideo Aoyama (?? ??) Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Chojiya-kai
? Tokyo Goro Yoshida]] (?? ??) Formerly known as Zen-Chojiya-rengo-kai. Chojiya means clove merchants. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Tenjin'yama
Tokyo unknown Split from Kyokuto-kai.
Toa-kai
Tokyo Yoshio Kaneumi (?? ??) Successor to Tosei-kai]]. Toa means East Asia. Member of the Kanto-Shinboku-kai.
Hashiya-kai
Tokyo Kotaro Sato (??
) Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Hanamata-kai
Tokyo Akira Kiyono (?? ?) Formerly known as Hanamata-rengo-kai. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Masuya-kai
Tokyo Sotojiro Higashiura (??
) Formerly known as Zen-Masuya-rengo-kai. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Matsuzakaya-ikka V
?? Tokyo Takichi Nishimura (?? ??)
Ryogokuya-kai
? Tokyo unknown Formerly known as Zen-Ryogokuya-rengo-kai. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Ametoku-rengo-kai
?? Kanagawa Hideya Nagamochi? (?? ??) Ametoku is the nickname of the first boss. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Tokuriki-ikka V
? Kanagawa unknown Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Yokohama-Kaneko-kai
?? Kanagawa Takashi Terada (?? ?) Yokohama is a place name and Kaneko is the surname of the boss. Member of the Kanto-Shinno-Doushi-kai.
Sakurai-soke
? Shizuoka Hiroyoshi Sano (?? ??) It is successor of Kyuto-Sakurai-soke-rengo-kai.
Chukyo-Shinno-kai
?? Aichi Eizo Yamagashira? (?? ??) It was split from Doyu-kai. Chukyo is a place name and Shinno is Shennong, a mythical sage ruler of prehistoric China.
Marutomi-rengo-kai
?? Kyoto Satoshi Kitahashi? (?? ?)
Sanshaku-gumi-honke IV
? Osaka Aizo Tanaka (?? ??)
Naoshima-Giyu-kai
?? Osaka Tadashi Noda (?? ??) Naoshima is the surname of the boss.
Kobe-Hakuro-kai-sohonbu V
?? Hyogo Shikano Noboru? (?? ?) Kobe and Hakuro is a place name.
Chusei-kai
Hyogo Tadaaki Omori (?? ??)
Matsuura-gumi II
Hyogo Kazuo Kasaoka (?? ??) Matsuura is the surname of the boss.
Konjin-Tsumura-sohonke II
? Hiroshima Yoshisuke Tsumura? (?? ??) Sohonke means all family or head family.
Chugoku-Takagi-kai III
?? Hiroshima Hideyoshi Daigen? (?? ??) Successor to Kyosei-kai Murakami-gumi. Chugoku is a place name and Takagi is the surname of the boss.
Kyushu-Kashida-kai III
?? Fukuoka Takashi Koga? (?? ??) Kyushu is a place name and Kashida is the surname of the boss.
Tatekawa-kai? III
?? Fukuoka Toshihiko Ikeura (?? ??)
Nakanishi-kai
Fukuoka unknown
Fujiie-kai?
Fukuoka Mitsuo Nakao (?? ??) Fujiie is the surname of the boss.
Kyushu-Kumashiro-rengo ?
Saga Katsuji Noguchi (?? ??)
Kyushu-Ozaki-kai II
?? Nagasaki Kuniyuki Koga (?? ??) Ozaki is the surname of the boss.
Kumamoto-kai III
Kumamoto Hidenori Morihara (?? ??) Successor to Kumamoto-rengo. Member of the Yonsha-kai.
Sanshin-kai
Kumamoto Atsushi Inoue (?? ?) Successor to Kumamoto-rengo Yamano-kai. Formerly known as Sanshin-kai (
).
Murakami-gumi III
?? Oita Yoshishige Matsuoka (?? ??) Murakami is the surname of the boss.
Nishida-kai V
Miyazaki Kazuo Tanaka (?? ??)
Other prominent boryokudan
Name Japanese name Headquarters Notes
Marumo-ikka
? Hokkaido
Seiyu-kai
Hokkaido Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi IV in 1985.
Zen-Chojiya-Hachiya-rengo-kai
Hokkaido Disbanded in 1988, the remaining organizations have subscribed to Kenryu-kai and Kodo-kai.
Yorii-Sekiho-rengo
Hokkaido Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Umeya-Abe-rengo-kai
? Hokkaido Merged with the Kodo-kai.
Kigure-ikka
? Hokkaido Merged with the Inagawa-kai.
Aizuya-ikka-Kodaka
? Hokkaido
Koshijiya-rengo
?? Hokkaido Merged with the Inagawa-kai.
Kanto-Komatsuya-ikka
? Hokkaido
Oshu-Umeya-rengo-kai
? Aomori Merged with the Inagawa-kai.
Oshu-Saikaiya-so-rengo-kai
Miyagi Merged with the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Tokyo-Seidai-Nishikido-kai
? Miyagi Merged with the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Tokyo-Seidai-Kawasaki-kai
? Miyagi Merged with the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Nishikata-ikka
? Miyagi
Anegasaki-Yagami-kai
Akita Merged with the Inagawa-kai.
Aizuya-ikka-Nomoto
? Akita Merged with the Kyokuto-kai.
Oshu-Yamaguchi-rengo
Yamagata Merged with the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Oshu-Aizu-Kakusada-ikka
?? Fukushima Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Maruto-kai
Fukushima Merged with the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Matsuba-kai-Doushi-kai
Ibaraki Disbanded, then joined to the Matsuba-kai.
Shinwa-kai
Tochigi Merged with the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Kochiya-kai
? Tochigi Merged with the Kyokuto-kai.
Zennihon-Yorii-rengo-kai
?? Gunma Disappeared.
Kanto-Kumaya-rengo
Saitama Merged with Kyokuto-kai.
Zennihon-Genseida-rengo-kai
Chiba Disappeared.
Kanto-Chojamachi-kai
Chiba Merged with Sumiyoshi-kai.
Minato-kai ?? Tokyo Disbanded, then taken over by Sumiyoshi-kai.
Kohei-ikka
? Tokyo Merged with the Minato-kai.
Doshida-ikka
?? Tokyo
Sekine-gumi
Tokyo Disbanded, then taken over by Matsuba-kai.
Ando-gumi (Azuma-kogyo)
(
) Tokyo Disbanded.
Tosei-kai
Tokyo Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi, then disbanded and taken over by Toa-kai.
Koganei-ikka
?? Tokyo Merged with the Nibiki-kai.
Nibiki-kai
Tokyo Disbanded.
Hokusei-kai
Tokyo Disbanded.
Kowa-kai
Tokyo Successor to the Hokusei-kai. Merged with the Inagawa-kai.
Namai-ikka
? Tokyo Merged with the Kokusui-kai.
Ochiai-ikka
? Tokyo Merged with the Kokusui-kai.
Aizuya-rengo-kai
Tokyo Merged with the Goto-gumi.
Tokyo-Yasuda-kai
?? Tokyo Merged with the Rachi-gumi.
Kanto-Hayashi-gumi-rengo-kai
? Tokyo
Kyokuto-Aio-rengo-kai
? Tokyo Disbanded in 1967.
Ishimoto-kai
Tokyo
Ryogoku-kai
Tokyo
Kinsei-kai
Tokyo
Joman-ikka
? Tokyo
Gijin-to
Kawasaki, Kanagawa Disbanded. The successor organization has joined the Sumiyoshi-kai.
Kanto-Hayashi-gumi-rengo-kai
?
Yokohama-Saikaiya
?? Kanagawa Merged with the Kyokuto-kai.
Kawauchi-gumi
Fukui Merged with the Sugatani-gumi.
Yamanashi-Kyoyu-kai
?? Yamanashi Split from Inagawa-kai in 2011. "Yamanashi" refers the name of place. Disbanded in 2016, joined Inagawa-kai and renamed Sano-gumi.
Shinshu-Saito-ikka
Nagano
Yoshihama-kai
Gifu
Ikeda-ikka
? Gifu
Shimizu-ikka
? Shizuoka Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
? Shizuoka
Reiganjima-Masuya-Hattori-kai
?? Shizuoka
Honganji-ikka
?? Aichi
Inabaji-ikka
?? Nagoya, Aichi Merged with the Kodo-kai.
Unmeikyodo-kai
?? Aichi Disbanded.
Hirai-ikka
? Toyohashi, Aichi Merged with the Unmeikyodo-kai.
Tesshin-kai
Nagoya, Aichi Merged with the Unmeikyodo-kai.
Chukyo-Asano-kai
?? Aichi Merged with the Unmeikyodo-kai.
Seto-ikka
? Seto, Aichi Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Doyu-kai
Nagoya, Aichi Merged with the Kodo-kai.
Sankichi-ikka
? Aichi
Kira-ikka
? Aichi
Kusuriya-rengo-kai
?? Aichi
Kumaya-ikka
? Aichi
Nagoya-Chojamachi-ikka
?? Aichi
Hiranoya-ikka
?? Nagoya, Aichi Merged with the Kodo-kai.
Aio-kai
Mie Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Kanbeya-ikka
?? Mie
Shujiro-ikka
??
Kamijo-gumi
Mie
Ise-Kanbe-ikka
Mie
Ise-Kawashima-ikka
Mie
Tsunan-ikka
? Mie
Mizutani-ikka
? Mie Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Ise-Kamiya-ikka
Mie
Nakajima-rengo-kai
?? Kyoto Merged with the Aizu-Kotetsu-kai.
Sunakogawa-gumi
? Osaka Descended of Aizu Kotetsu.
Nakamasa-gumi
Osaka Descended from of Aizu Kotetsu.
? Osaka
?? Osaka
Dankuma-kai
Osaka, Osaka
Yamato-Nara-gumi
? Osaka
Dajokan
Osaka
I-rengo
Osaka
Yamaguchi-gumi Yanagawa-gumi
Osaka
Hayano-kai
Osaka
Oguruma-Makoto-kai
? Osaka
Imanishi-gumi
Osaka Merged with the Sakaume-gumi.
Ono-ikka
? Osaka
Minami-ikka
Osaka
Sumida-kai
Osaka
Matsuda-gumi (Matsuda-rengo)
(
?) Osaka
Hadani-gumi
Osaka Disbanded in 1994.
Komasa-gumi
Osaka
Doi-gumi
Osaka
? Osaka
Oshima-gumi
Hyogo
Honda-kai
Hyogo
Ichiwa-kai
Hyogo Disbanded.
Suwa-ikka
? Hyogo
Sasaki-gumi
? Wakayama
Takenaka-gumi
Okayama Withdrew from the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Kinoshita-kai
Okayama
Takahashi-gumi
Onomichi, Hiroshima
Katsuura-kai
Tokushima Disbanded in 1998.
Mori-kai ?? Tokushima
Matsuyama-rengo-kai
?? Ehime Merged with the Yamaguchi-gumi.
Kyushu-Kyoyu-rengo-kai
? Fukuoka
Seibu-rengo
? Karatsu, Saga
Kumamoto-rengo
? Kumamoto
Kitaoka-kai
Kumamoto
Daimon-kai
Kumamoto
References
Corkill, Edan, "Ex-Tokyo cop speaks out on a life fighting gangs — and what you can do", Japan Times, 6 November 2011, p. 7.
"Membership of Japan's yakuza crime gangs falls to all-time low | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
Johnston, Eric, "From rackets to real estate, yakuza multifaceted", Japan Times, 14 February 2007, p. 3.
"Police of Japan 2011, Criminal Investigation : 2. Fight Against Organized Crime", December 2009, National Police Agency
"The Organized Crime Countermeasures Law" Archived 19 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Fukuoka Prefectural Center for the Elimination of Boryokudan (in Japanese)
"Boryokudan Comprehensive Measures — The Condition of the Boryokudan", December 2010, Hokkaido Prefectural Police (in Japanese)
Bibliography
Bruno, A. (2007). "The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia" CrimeLibrary: Time Warner
Kaplan, David, Dubro Alec. (1986). Yakuza Addison-Wesley (ISBN 0-201-11151-9)
Kaplan, David, Dubro Alec. (2003). Yakuza: Expanded Edition University of California Press (ISBN 0-520-21562-1)
Hill, Peter B.E. (2003). The Japanese Mafia: Yakuza, Law, and the State Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-925752-3)
Johnson, David T. (2001). The Japanese Way of Justice: Prosecuting Crime in Japan Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-511986-X)
Miyazaki, Manabu. (2005) Toppamono: Outlaw. Radical. Suspect. My Life in Japan's Underworld Kotan Publishing (ISBN 0-9701716-2-5)
Seymour, Christopher. (1996). Yakuza Diary Atlantic Monthly Press (ISBN 0-87113-604-X)
Saga, Junichi., Bester, John. (1991) Confessions of a Yakuza: A Life in Japan's Underworld Kodansha America
Schilling, Mark. (2003). The Yakuza Movie Book Stone Bridge Press (ISBN 1-880656-76-0)
Sterling, Claire. (1994). Thieves' World Simon & Schuster (ISBN 0-671-74997-8)
Sho Fumimura (Writer), Ryoichi Ikegami (Artist). (Series 1993–1997) "Sanctuary" Viz Communications Inc (Vol 1: ISBN 0-929279-97-2; Vol 2:ISBN 0-929279-99-9; Vol 3: ISBN 1-56931-042-4; Vol 4: ISBN 1-56931-039-4; Vol 5: ISBN 1-56931-112-9; Vol 6: ISBN 1-56931-199-4; Vol 7: ISBN 1-56931-184-6; Vol 8: ISBN 1-56931-207-9; Vol 9: ISBN 1-56931-235-4)
Tendo, Shoko (2007). Yakuza Moon: Memoirs of a Gangster's Daughter Kodansha International [1] (ISBN 978-4-7700-3042-9)
Young Yakuza. Dir. Jean-Pierre Limosin. Cinema Epoch, 2007.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yakuza.
101 East – Battling the Yakuza—Al Jazeera (Video)
"Organized Crime — FBI". fbi.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
Yakuza Portal site
Blood ties: Yakuza daughter lifts lid on hidden hell of gangsters' families
Crime Library: Yakuza
Yakuza distribution map
Japanese Mayor Shot Dead; CBS News, 17 April 2007
Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia
Yakuza distribution map
Yakuza: Kind-hearted criminals or monsters in suits?
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Organized crime groups in Asia
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Organized crime groups active in the Americas
Categories: Yakuza groupsCriminal subculturesJapanese subculturesJapanese-Australian cultureOrganised crime groups in AustraliaOrganized crime groups in the United StatesSecret societies related to organized crimeTransnational organized crimeAsian-American gangs
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, [ja?k?za]), also known as gokudo (??, "the extreme path"), are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. They operate internationally with an estimated 102,000 members.[1]