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World Organization of the
Scout Movement
Headquarters World Scout Bureau:
Geneva, Switzerland
Secretary General’s
Office: Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Country Worldwide
Founded 1922
[1][2]
Membership 172 organisations
[3]
Over 54 million
participants (2020)
[3]
Secretary
General
Ahmad Alhendawi
[4][5]
World Scout
Committee
Chairman
Edward Andrew
Chapman
Website
www.scout.org
World Organization of the Scout Movement
The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM
/ˈwʊzəm/) is the largest international Scouting organization.
WOSM has 172 members.
[3] These members are recognized
national Scout organizations, which collectively have over 50
million participants.
[6] WOSM was established in 1922,[1][2]
and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the
counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl
Scouts (WAGGGS).
The WOSM's current stated mission is "to contribute to the
education of young people, through a value system based on
the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better
world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a
constructive role in society".
[7][8] WOSM is organized into
regions and operates with a conference, committee and
bureau.
The WOSM is associated with three World Scout Centres.
The World Scout Jamboree is held roughly every four years
under the auspices of the WOSM, with members of
WAGGGS also invited. WOSM also organises the World
Scout Moot, a Jamboree for 17- to 26-year-olds, and has
organised the World Scout Indaba, a gathering for Scout
leaders. The World Scout Foundation is a perpetual fund
governed by a separate Board of Governors and supported
by donations for the development of WOSM associated
Scouting programs throughout the world.
WOSM is a non-governmental organization with General
Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and
Social Council (ECOSOC).
[9]
History
World Scout Conference
World Scout Committee
Current members 2021–2024
Bronze Wolf Award
World Scout Bureau
Location
Leadership
Contents
World Scout Centres
World Scout programmes
World Scout emblem
Recognition of non-national Scouting organizations
Publications
See also
References
Further reading
External links
As a result of an international conference held during the first World Scout Jamboree at Olympia, London
in 1920, leaders there agreed to create a Boy Scouts International Bureau (BSIB). An office was
established at 25, Buckingham Palace Road, London, and the then International Commissioner of The Boy
Scouts Association of the United Kingdom, Hubert S. Martin, was appointed as Honorary Director. The
first task of the bureau was to co-ordinate the discussions and to prepare a second international conference
in Paris in 1922.[1][2] At the 1922 Paris conference The International Conference of the Boy Scout
Movement, its committee and BSIB were constituted by the founding member organizations.
[2]
In 1961
The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement reconstituted the organization introducing the
name World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The International Conference of the Boy
Scout Movement became the WOSM's World Scout Conference, its International Committee became the
World Scout Committee and the Boy Scouts International Bureau became the WOSM's World Scout
Bureau.[10]
The World Scout Conference (WSC) is the governing body and meets every three years, preceded by the
World Scout Youth Forum. The World Scout Conference is the general assembly of Scouting and is
composed of six delegates from each of the member Scout associations. If a country has more than one
association, the associations form a federation for coordination and world representation. The basis for
recognition and membership in the World Scout Conference includes adherence to the aims and principles
of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, and independence from political involvement on the
part of each member association.[11]
The Conference meets every three years and is hosted by a member association. At the World Scout
Conference basic cooperative efforts are agreed upon and a plan of mutual coordination is adopted.[12]
History
World Scout Conference
Date Number Location Country Member
Countries
Host Candidate
Countries
1920
Retrospectively referred to as the
"First International Conference"
London
United
Kingdom
33
1922
First International Conference
(retrospectively referred to as the
"Second")
[2]
Paris France 30
1924 Third International Conference Copenhagen Denmark 34
1926 Fourth International Conference Kandersteg
Switzerland
29
1929 Fifth International Conference Birkenhead
United
Kingdom
33
1931 Sixth International Conference
Baden bei
Wien
Austria 44
1933 Seventh International Conference Gödöllő Hungary 31
1935 Eighth International Conference Stockholm Sweden 28
1937 Ninth International Conference The Hague Netherlands
34
1939 10th International Conference Edinburgh
United
Kingdom
27
1947 11th International Conference
Château de
Rosny-surSeine
France 32
1949 12th International Conference Elvesaeter Norway 25
1951 13th International Conference Salzburg Austria 34
1953 14th International Conference Vaduz
Liechtenstein
35
1955 15th International Conference
Niagara
Falls, Ontario
Canada 44
1957 16th International Conference Cambridge
United
Kingdom
52
1959 17th International Conference New Delhi India 35
1961 18th International Conference Lisbon
Portugal
[13]
50
1963 19th World Scout Conference Rhodes Greece 52
1965 20th World Scout Conference Mexico City Mexico 59
1967 21st World Scout Conference Seattle
United
States
70
1969 22nd World Scout Conference Espoo Finland 64
1971 23rd World Scout Conference Tokyo Japan 71
1973 24th World Scout Conference Nairobi Kenya 77
1975 25th World Scout Conference Lundtoft Denmark 87
1977 26th World Scout Conference Montreal Canada 81
1979 27th World Scout Conference Birmingham United
Kingdom
81
1981 28th World Scout Conference Dakar Senegal 74
1983 29th World Scout Conference Dearborn
United
States
90
1985 30th World Scout Conference Munich West
Germany
93
1988 31st World Scout Conference Melbourne Australia 77
1990 32nd World Scout Conference Paris France 100
1993 33rd World Scout Conference Sattahip Thailand 99
1996 34th World Scout Conference Oslo Norway 108
1999 35th World Scout Conference Durban
South
Africa
116
2002 36th World Scout Conference Thessaloniki Greece 125
2005 37th World Scout Conference Hammamet Tunisia 122 Hong Kong
2008 38th World Scout Conference Jeju-do
South
Korea
150
2011 39th World Scout Conference Curitiba Brazil 138
Australia,
Hong Kong,
Switzerland
2014 40th World Scout Conference Ljubljana Slovenia 143 Italy
2017 41st World Scout Conference Baku Azerbaijan
169
[14] Malaysia
2020 42nd World Scout Conference
Sharm El
Sheikh
Egypt Postponed Malaysia
2021 42nd World Scout Conference Digital 170
[15]
2025 43rd World Scout Conference
Sharm El
Sheikh Egypt
[16]
France,
Mexico
The World Scout Committee is the executive body of the World Scout Conference and is composed of
elected volunteers and one appointed Secretary General. The World Scout Committee represents World
Scout Conference between the meetings of the full conference. The World Scout Committee is responsible
for the implementation of the resolutions of the World Scout Conference and for acting on its behalf
between its meetings. The Committee meets twice a year, usually in Geneva. Its Steering Committee,
consisting of the Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen, a Youth Advisor and the Secretary General, meet as
needed.[17]
The committee has 21 members. Twelve, each from a different country, are elected for three-year terms by
the World Scout Conference. The members, elected without regard to their nationality, represent the
interests of the movement as a whole, not those of their country. The Secretary General, the Treasurer of
WOSM and a representative member of the board of the World Scout Foundation and the chairmen of the
World Scout Committee
regional Scout committees are ex-officio members of the committee. The six Youth Advisors to the WSC
are elected by the World Scout Youth Forum are participating in all of the WSC meetings and are also part
of the governing structure between the meetings.
The World Scout Committee has set up work streams to address the top strategic priorities, as defined by
the World Scout Conference, which at present include:
Youth involvement
Volunteers in Scouting
Scouting's profile (communications, partnerships, resources)
Standing committees include:
Audit
Budget
Constitutions
Ethics
Honours and Awards
Working With Others- a consultative committee of the WOSM and the World Association of
Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), composed of members of the World
Committee/World Board of both organizations
2007 Task Force for the 100th Anniversary of Scouting, composed of members of the World
Scout Committee, World Scout Bureau, World Scout Foundation, and The Scout
Association of the United Kingdom
Name
[18] Country Term to*
Andy Chapman, Chairperson United States 2024
Jo Deman, Vice-Chair Belgium 2024
Sarah Rita Kattan, Vice-Chair Lebanon 2024
Mehdi Ben Khelil Tunisia 2024
Mori Chi-Kin Cheng Hong Kong 2024
Wayne Adrian Davis Ethiopia 2024
Nika Gorovska Ukraine 2024
Eun Gui Kim Korea 2024
Chrissy Pollithy Germany 2024
Daiana Neil Argentina 2024
Pia Melin Graasbøll Denmark 2024
Juan Reig Spain 2024
Ahmad Alhendawi, Secretary General Jordan
[19]
Joseph Lau, Treasurer Hong Kong
Héctor Robledo Cervantes, Chairperson WSF Mexico 2021**
Kent Clayburn, Chairperson Elect, WSF USA TBA
Current members 2021–2024
The World Scout Bureau is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia and has offices in six regional divisions:
European Region: Geneva, Switzerland; Brussels, Belgium
and Belgrade, Serbia
Arab Region: Cairo, Egypt
Africa Region: Nairobi, Kenya; Cape Town, South Africa; and
Dakar, Senegal
Asia-Pacific Region: Makati, Philippines; Australia; Nepal; and
Tokyo, Japan
Interamerican Region: Ciudad del Saber, Panama
Eurasian Region: Kyiv, Ukraine
grey areas such as North Korea, Laos and Cuba have no
Scouting
Note: The World Scout Conference in 2008 decided that, starting at the World Conference in 2011,
elected members will serve for only three years, but be eligible for re-election for one additional term.
Due SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Scout Conference was rescheduled from Aug 2020
to Aug 2021.
The Bronze Wolf Award is the only distinction awarded by WOSM, awarded by the World Scout
Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. It was first awarded to Robert Baden-Powell, 1st
Baron Baden-Powell by a unanimous decision of the then-International Committee on the day of the
institution of the Bronze Wolf in Stockholm in 1935.
The World Scout Bureau (WSB,
formerly the International Bureau) is
the secretariat that carries out the
instructions of the World Scout
Conference and the World Scout
Committee. The WSB is administered
by the secretary general, who is
supported by a small staff of technical
resource personnel. The bureau staff
helps associations improve and
broaden their Scouting by training
professionals and volunteers,
establishing finance policies and
money-raising techniques, improving
community facilities and procedures,
and assisting in marshaling the national
resources of each country behind
Scouting.[11]
The staff also helps arrange global
events such as the World Scout
Jamborees, encourages regional
events, and acts as a liaison between
the Scouting Movement and other
international organizations. A major
effort in the emerging nations is the extension of the universal Good Turn into an organization-wide effort
for community development.
[20]
The Bureau was first established in London, England in 1920 and moved to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in
1959. The International Conference directed the move of the Bureau from Ottawa to Geneva on 1 May
1968.[21]
In August 2013, WOSM announced the relocation of the World Scout Bureau Central Office
(WSB-CO) to Kuala Lumpur where it is now located.[22]
Bronze Wolf Award
World Scout Bureau
Location
This list includes Secretaries General ||and their deputies from the World
Organization of the Scout Movement and members of the World Scout Bureau.
From 1920 to 1968, this function was called Director
Title Years Name Country
Director 1920–1938 Hubert S. Martin United Kingdom
Director 1938–1951 John Skinner Wilson United Kingdom
Director 1951–1965 Daniel Spry Canada
Director 1965–1968 Richard T. Lund United Kingdom
Secretary General 1968–1988 László Nagy Switzerland
Secretary General 1988–2004 Jacques Moreillon Switzerland
Deputy Secretary General 1991–2004 Malek Gabr Egypt
Deputy Secretary General 1991–2004 Luc Panissod France
Secretary General 2004–2007 Eduardo Missoni Italy
Deputy Secretary General 2004–2007 Dominique Bénard France
Deputy Secretary General 2004–2007
Luc Panissod
France
Secretary General 2007–2012 France
Secretary General 2013–2016 Scott Teare USA
Secretary General 2017–incumbent Ahmad Alhendawi Jordan
[4][5]
World Scout Centre is a brand of the WOSM but the two World Scout Centres are operated by regional
divisions of WOSM and an independent body:
Kandersteg International Scout Centre in Switzerland, operated by the Scouts International
Home association.
[23]
Cairo International Scout Centre in Egypt, operated by the Arab Region.
The Better World Framework combines the Scouts of the World Award, Messengers of Peace and World
Scout Environment Programmes as programme initiatives administered by the World Scout Bureau.
[24]
The WOSM emblem and membership badge is the World Scout Emblem, a purple, circular logo with a
fleur-de-lis in the center, surrounded by a length of rope tied with a reef knot (also called a square knot).
Baden-Powell used a fleur-de-lis badge awarded to British Army scouts and subsequently adopted and
Leadership
World Scout Centres
World Scout programmes
World Scout emblem
1939-1955 version of
the World Scout
Emblem, used by the
Boy Scouts
International Bureau
and International
Committee members
modified the badge for Scouting. The arrowhead represents the North point on a
compass, and is intended to point Scouts on the path to service and unity. The
three points on the fleur-de-lis represent the three parts of the Scout Promise: -
service to others, duty to God and obedience to the Scout Law.
[25] The two
five-point stars stand for truth and knowledge, with the ten points representing
the ten points of the Scout Law. The bond at the base of the fleur-de-lis
symbolizes the family of Scouting. The encircling rope symbolizes the unity and
family of the World Scout Movement.
The needs of Scout youth in unusual situations has created some interesting
permutations, answerable directly to the World Scout Bureau. These
permutations fall generally into three categories:
"National" Movements not operating within the boundaries of their original homelands, such
as the Russian and Armenian exile groups;[10]
Small, non-voting associations basically viewed by the BSIB as "councils", such as the Boy
Scouts of the United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone
[26]
The less well-known directly registered "mixed-nationality Troops".
Both the Boy Scouts of United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone have long
since disbanded, and the only remaining directly registered Troop is the International Boy Scouts, Troop 1
located in Yokohama, Japan.
In addition to these three groups a temporary recognition was extended by the BSIB to Scouts in displaced
persons camps after World War II. In 1947 at the 11th International Conference the "Displaced Persons
Division" of the BSIB was established to register and support Scouts in displaced person camps in Austria,
Northern Italy, and Germany.
[27] These Scouts did not receive the right of membership in the Boy Scouts
International Conference but gained recognition as Scouts under the protection of the Bureau until they
took up residence in a country that had a recognized National Scouting Organization, which they then
could join.[28]
The D.P. Division was closed on 30 June 1950.[29]
The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement decided to admit and recognise the exile
Russian Scout group as the "Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries" on 30 August
1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a "National Movement on Foreign Soil" on
30 April 1929.[10]
The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945, and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the
United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City, with but 14 members in 1959.
The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with Scouts that claimed British and
not Panamanian nationality was originally placed under the American Scouting overseas of the BSA but, in
1947, was transferred under the International Bureau. In 1957 the group had over 900 members and existed
as a directly registered group until the late 60s.
The third category in the directly registered groups, the "mixed-nationality troops", were registered after
discussions concerning such troops took place at the 3rd International Conference of 1924[30] at which the
BSIB was authorized to directly register such groups. It seems that the discussion at the 1924 International
Conference was, at least in part, prompted by a letter to Baden-Powell from the Scoutmaster of one such
Recognition of non-national Scouting
organizations
troop in Yokohama, Japan.[31] Janning's troop became the first troop directly registered by the BSIB.
[32]
Only a few troops were directly registered as soon the practice was discontinued and new "mixed" groups
were encouraged to join the National Scout Association of their country of residence. In 1955 only two
such groups were still active, a troop in Iraq that disbanded that year,
[33] and the first group to be registered,
the International Troop 1 in Yokohama.
[34] The international troop in Yokohama is the only remaining
active troop of the small group of the originally directly registered mixed-nationality troops.
[35]
Publications of WOSM include:
Scouting 'Round the World: a book updated every three years with details on all WOSM
member organizations;
WorldInfo (http://www.scout.org/front/winfoen.shtml): a monthly circular distributed in
electronic format with the help of Scoutnet.
List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members
Scouts of the World Award
1. "Constitution of the World Organization of the Scout Movement" (http://scout.org/sites/defaul
t/files/library_files/WOSM_Constitution_EN.pdf) (PDF). World Organization of the Scout
Movement. January 2011. p. 3.
2. Colquhoun, OBE, John Frederick (1954). Running a Scout Group. London UK: The Boy
Scouts Association. p. 198. "the first International Conference was held in Paris in 1922,
when Great Britain became one of the founder-members of the world organization."
3. "AFGHANISTAN REJOINS THE SCOUT MOVEMENT, EXPANDING ITS MEMBERSHIP
TO 171 MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS WORLDWIDE" (https://web.archive.org/web/2019011
0080035/https://www.scout.org/node/550830). 10 January 2019. Archived from the original
(https://www.scout.org/node/550830) on 10 January 2019.
4. "Next Secretary General - World Organization of the Scout Movement" (https://www.scout.or
g/nextsgannouncement). www.scout.org. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
5. "Alhendawi announces departure - Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth" (http
s://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/11/alhendawi-announces-departure-position-set-join-world
-organization-scout-movement-secretary-general). www.un.org. Retrieved 15 November
2016.
6. "National Scout Organizations" (https://www.scout.org/worldwide). World Organization of the
Scout Movement. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
7. "Mission" (https://www.scout.org/mission). World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2017.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171206111742/https://www.scout.org/mission) from
the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
8. "The Mission of Scouting" (http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090629035914/http://www.scout.org/
en/about_scouting/mission_vision). World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2007.
Archived from the original (http://www.scout.org/en/about_scouting/mission_vision) on 29
June 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
Publications
See also
References
9. "WOSM and the UN" (https://www.scout.org/un). World Organization of the Scout Movement.
2016.
10. Kroonenberg, Piet J. "Chapter 2: International Scouting: Refugees, Displaced Persons and
Exile Scouting". The Undaunted (https://www.scouting.nl/downloads/referentiebibliotheek/hi
storie/piet-j-kroonenberg/2338-undaunted/file) (Integral Internet Edition, November
2011 ed.). ISBN 9780974647906.
11. "World Scouting" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051224111016/http://www.scouting.org/inte
rnational/worldscout.html). WOSM World Scouting. Archived from the original (http://www.sc
outing.org/international/worldscout.html) on 24 December 2005. Retrieved 2 February 2006.
12. "Laszlo Nagy (1921 - 2009) / Secretary General / World Bureau / Governance / Our
Organisation / Home - World Organization of the Scout Movement" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20090926120551/http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau/secret
ary_general/laszlo_nagy). Archived from the original (http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/go
vernance/world_bureau/secretary_general/laszlo_nagy) on 26 September 2009.
13. "Moot "Down Under" " (https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-feb-09-1960-1
340968/). The Daily News. St. Johns, Newfoundland. 9 February 1960. p. 9. Retrieved
3 September 2019 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
14. "World Scouting Welcomes the Iraq Scout Association"
(https://www.scout.org/node/366936). World Scouting.
15. "Opening of the 42nd World Scout Conference" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrYQnQ
W1_34). Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/FrYQnQW1_34)
from the original on 11 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
16. "World Scout Conference declares Egypt the host for the next event in 2024" (https://www.sc
out.org/43-world-scout-conference-2024). World Organization of the Scout Movement.
Retrieved 29 August 2021.
17. "World Scout Committee" (http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/international/worldscouting.a
spx). WOSM World Scouting. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
18. "World Scout Committee" (https://www.scout.org/WorldScoutCommittee). Scout.org. August
2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210901220735/https://www.scout.org/WorldS
coutCommittee) from the original on 1 September 2021.
19. "Next Secretary General Announced" (https://www.scout.org/10thsgannouncement). World
Organization of the Scout Movement. 11 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
20. "World Scout Bureau fact sheet" (http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-505.aspx).
WOSM World Scouting. Retrieved 2 February 2006.
21. "History and Location" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130806172626/http://scout.org/en/our
_organisation/governance/world_bureau). WOSM World Scout Bureau. Archived from the
original (http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau) on 6 August 2013.
Retrieved 1 September 2013.
22. "World Scout Bureau - Relocation of Central Office" (https://web.archive.org/web/201309190
90636/http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/34284/312108/file/Circular%2021-2013%2
0EN.pdf) (PDF). WOSM Circular N° 20/2013. Archived from the original (http://scout.org/en/c
ontent/download/34284/312108/file/Circular%2021-2013%20EN.pdf) (PDF) on 19
September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
23. "Kandersteg International Scout Centre" (https://www.scout.org/kisc). www.scout.org.
Retrieved 17 May 2018.
24. "Launched: World Scouting-UNESCO World Heritage Recognition Initiative, Messengers of
Peace Programme at the 23rd World Scout Jamboree" (https://scout.org/sites/default/files/ne
ws_files/2015-07-31%20Media%20Release%20-%20World%20Scout%20Programmes_0.p
df) (pdf). WOSM. p. 2.
Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, 1961
Laszlo Nagy, 250 Million Scouts, The World Scout Foundation and Dartnell Publishers,
1985
Eduard Vallory, "World Scouting: Educating for Global Citizenship", Palgrave Macmillan,
New York, 2012
World Scout Conference & World Scout Committee (https://www.scout.org/governance)
World Scout Bureau & Secretary General of the World Organisation of the Scout Movement
(https://www.scout.org/wsb)
World Scout Shops (http://www.worldscoutshops.com)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=World_Organization_of_the_Scout_Movement&oldid=1068036080"
25. "The World Membership Badge" (http://members.scouts.org.uk/factsheets/FS260016.pdf)
(PDF). The Scout Association. 16 May 2006.
26. Wilson, John S. (1959). "The International Bureau Goes on the Road". Scouting Round the
World (first ed.). London: Blandford Press. p. 134. "At Balboa we met up with Gunnar Berg
and Ray Wyland of the B.S.A., also on their way to Bogota, and had a conference about the
question of coloured Scouts in the Canal Zone, who claim British and not Panamanian
nationality. It was agreed that they should be taken under the wing of the Canal Zone
Council of the Boy Scouts of America, but ten years later they were transferred directly under
the International Bureau as the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone."
27. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in
Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 42–43. ISBN 2-
88052-003-7.
28. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in
Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 43–46. ISBN 2-
88052-003-7.
29. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in
Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 45–46. ISBN 2-
88052-003-7.
30. 1948 Letter from J. S. Wilson, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troo
p1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
31. 1967 Letter from Jos. Janning, IBS Scoutmaster. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop1.n
et/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
32. 1955 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop
1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
33. 1950 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop
1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
34. 1972 Letter from BSIS Kentropp, BSIB Public Relations. "Historical Documents" (http://www.
troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January
2013.
35. 1956 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop
1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Further reading
External links
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World Organization of the
Scout Movement
Headquarters World Scout Bureau:
Geneva, Switzerland
Secretary General’s
Office: Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Country Worldwide
Founded 1922
[1][2]
Membership 172 organisations
[3]
Over 54 million
participants (2020)
[3]
Secretary
General
Ahmad Alhendawi
[4][5]
World Scout
Committee
Chairman
Edward Andrew
Chapman
Website
www.scout.org
World Organization of the Scout Movement
The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM
/ˈwʊzəm/) is the largest international Scouting organization.
WOSM has 172 members.
[3] These members are recognized
national Scout organizations, which collectively have over 50
million participants.
[6] WOSM was established in 1922,[1][2]
and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the
counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl
Scouts (WAGGGS).
The WOSM's current stated mission is "to contribute to the
education of young people, through a value system based on
the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better
world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a
constructive role in society".
[7][8] WOSM is organized into
regions and operates with a conference, committee and
bureau.
The WOSM is associated with three World Scout Centres.
The World Scout Jamboree is held roughly every four years
under the auspices of the WOSM, with members of
WAGGGS also invited. WOSM also organises the World
Scout Moot, a Jamboree for 17- to 26-year-olds, and has
organised the World Scout Indaba, a gathering for Scout
leaders. The World Scout Foundation is a perpetual fund
governed by a separate Board of Governors and supported
by donations for the development of WOSM associated
Scouting programs throughout the world.
WOSM is a non-governmental organization with General
Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and
Social Council (ECOSOC).
[9]
History
World Scout Conference
World Scout Committee
Current members 2021–2024
Bronze Wolf Award
World Scout Bureau
Location
Leadership
Contents
World Scout Centres
World Scout programmes
World Scout emblem
Recognition of non-national Scouting organizations
Publications
See also
References
Further reading
External links
As a result of an international conference held during the first World Scout Jamboree at Olympia, London
in 1920, leaders there agreed to create a Boy Scouts International Bureau (BSIB). An office was
established at 25, Buckingham Palace Road, London, and the then International Commissioner of The Boy
Scouts Association of the United Kingdom, Hubert S. Martin, was appointed as Honorary Director. The
first task of the bureau was to co-ordinate the discussions and to prepare a second international conference
in Paris in 1922.[1][2] At the 1922 Paris conference The International Conference of the Boy Scout
Movement, its committee and BSIB were constituted by the founding member organizations.
[2]
In 1961
The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement reconstituted the organization introducing the
name World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The International Conference of the Boy
Scout Movement became the WOSM's World Scout Conference, its International Committee became the
World Scout Committee and the Boy Scouts International Bureau became the WOSM's World Scout
Bureau.[10]
The World Scout Conference (WSC) is the governing body and meets every three years, preceded by the
World Scout Youth Forum. The World Scout Conference is the general assembly of Scouting and is
composed of six delegates from each of the member Scout associations. If a country has more than one
association, the associations form a federation for coordination and world representation. The basis for
recognition and membership in the World Scout Conference includes adherence to the aims and principles
of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, and independence from political involvement on the
part of each member association.[11]
The Conference meets every three years and is hosted by a member association. At the World Scout
Conference basic cooperative efforts are agreed upon and a plan of mutual coordination is adopted.[12]
History
World Scout Conference
Date Number Location Country Member
Countries
Host Candidate
Countries
1920
Retrospectively referred to as the
"First International Conference"
London
United
Kingdom
33
1922
First International Conference
(retrospectively referred to as the
"Second")
[2]
Paris France 30
1924 Third International Conference Copenhagen Denmark 34
1926 Fourth International Conference Kandersteg
Switzerland
29
1929 Fifth International Conference Birkenhead
United
Kingdom
33
1931 Sixth International Conference
Baden bei
Wien
Austria 44
1933 Seventh International Conference Gödöllő Hungary 31
1935 Eighth International Conference Stockholm Sweden 28
1937 Ninth International Conference The Hague Netherlands
34
1939 10th International Conference Edinburgh
United
Kingdom
27
1947 11th International Conference
Château de
Rosny-surSeine
France 32
1949 12th International Conference Elvesaeter Norway 25
1951 13th International Conference Salzburg Austria 34
1953 14th International Conference Vaduz
Liechtenstein
35
1955 15th International Conference
Niagara
Falls, Ontario
Canada 44
1957 16th International Conference Cambridge
United
Kingdom
52
1959 17th International Conference New Delhi India 35
1961 18th International Conference Lisbon
Portugal
[13]
50
1963 19th World Scout Conference Rhodes Greece 52
1965 20th World Scout Conference Mexico City Mexico 59
1967 21st World Scout Conference Seattle
United
States
70
1969 22nd World Scout Conference Espoo Finland 64
1971 23rd World Scout Conference Tokyo Japan 71
1973 24th World Scout Conference Nairobi Kenya 77
1975 25th World Scout Conference Lundtoft Denmark 87
1977 26th World Scout Conference Montreal Canada 81
1979 27th World Scout Conference Birmingham United
Kingdom
81
1981 28th World Scout Conference Dakar Senegal 74
1983 29th World Scout Conference Dearborn
United
States
90
1985 30th World Scout Conference Munich West
Germany
93
1988 31st World Scout Conference Melbourne Australia 77
1990 32nd World Scout Conference Paris France 100
1993 33rd World Scout Conference Sattahip Thailand 99
1996 34th World Scout Conference Oslo Norway 108
1999 35th World Scout Conference Durban
South
Africa
116
2002 36th World Scout Conference Thessaloniki Greece 125
2005 37th World Scout Conference Hammamet Tunisia 122 Hong Kong
2008 38th World Scout Conference Jeju-do
South
Korea
150
2011 39th World Scout Conference Curitiba Brazil 138
Australia,
Hong Kong,
Switzerland
2014 40th World Scout Conference Ljubljana Slovenia 143 Italy
2017 41st World Scout Conference Baku Azerbaijan
169
[14] Malaysia
2020 42nd World Scout Conference
Sharm El
Sheikh
Egypt Postponed Malaysia
2021 42nd World Scout Conference Digital 170
[15]
2025 43rd World Scout Conference
Sharm El
Sheikh Egypt
[16]
France,
Mexico
The World Scout Committee is the executive body of the World Scout Conference and is composed of
elected volunteers and one appointed Secretary General. The World Scout Committee represents World
Scout Conference between the meetings of the full conference. The World Scout Committee is responsible
for the implementation of the resolutions of the World Scout Conference and for acting on its behalf
between its meetings. The Committee meets twice a year, usually in Geneva. Its Steering Committee,
consisting of the Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen, a Youth Advisor and the Secretary General, meet as
needed.[17]
The committee has 21 members. Twelve, each from a different country, are elected for three-year terms by
the World Scout Conference. The members, elected without regard to their nationality, represent the
interests of the movement as a whole, not those of their country. The Secretary General, the Treasurer of
WOSM and a representative member of the board of the World Scout Foundation and the chairmen of the
World Scout Committee
regional Scout committees are ex-officio members of the committee. The six Youth Advisors to the WSC
are elected by the World Scout Youth Forum are participating in all of the WSC meetings and are also part
of the governing structure between the meetings.
The World Scout Committee has set up work streams to address the top strategic priorities, as defined by
the World Scout Conference, which at present include:
Youth involvement
Volunteers in Scouting
Scouting's profile (communications, partnerships, resources)
Standing committees include:
Audit
Budget
Constitutions
Ethics
Honours and Awards
Working With Others- a consultative committee of the WOSM and the World Association of
Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), composed of members of the World
Committee/World Board of both organizations
2007 Task Force for the 100th Anniversary of Scouting, composed of members of the World
Scout Committee, World Scout Bureau, World Scout Foundation, and The Scout
Association of the United Kingdom
Name
[18] Country Term to*
Andy Chapman, Chairperson United States 2024
Jo Deman, Vice-Chair Belgium 2024
Sarah Rita Kattan, Vice-Chair Lebanon 2024
Mehdi Ben Khelil Tunisia 2024
Mori Chi-Kin Cheng Hong Kong 2024
Wayne Adrian Davis Ethiopia 2024
Nika Gorovska Ukraine 2024
Eun Gui Kim Korea 2024
Chrissy Pollithy Germany 2024
Daiana Neil Argentina 2024
Pia Melin Graasbøll Denmark 2024
Juan Reig Spain 2024
Ahmad Alhendawi, Secretary General Jordan
[19]
Joseph Lau, Treasurer Hong Kong
Héctor Robledo Cervantes, Chairperson WSF Mexico 2021**
Kent Clayburn, Chairperson Elect, WSF USA TBA
Current members 2021–2024
The World Scout Bureau is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia and has offices in six regional divisions:
European Region: Geneva, Switzerland; Brussels, Belgium
and Belgrade, Serbia
Arab Region: Cairo, Egypt
Africa Region: Nairobi, Kenya; Cape Town, South Africa; and
Dakar, Senegal
Asia-Pacific Region: Makati, Philippines; Australia; Nepal; and
Tokyo, Japan
Interamerican Region: Ciudad del Saber, Panama
Eurasian Region: Kyiv, Ukraine
grey areas such as North Korea, Laos and Cuba have no
Scouting
Note: The World Scout Conference in 2008 decided that, starting at the World Conference in 2011,
elected members will serve for only three years, but be eligible for re-election for one additional term.
Due SARS-COV2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Scout Conference was rescheduled from Aug 2020
to Aug 2021.
The Bronze Wolf Award is the only distinction awarded by WOSM, awarded by the World Scout
Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. It was first awarded to Robert Baden-Powell, 1st
Baron Baden-Powell by a unanimous decision of the then-International Committee on the day of the
institution of the Bronze Wolf in Stockholm in 1935.
The World Scout Bureau (WSB,
formerly the International Bureau) is
the secretariat that carries out the
instructions of the World Scout
Conference and the World Scout
Committee. The WSB is administered
by the secretary general, who is
supported by a small staff of technical
resource personnel. The bureau staff
helps associations improve and
broaden their Scouting by training
professionals and volunteers,
establishing finance policies and
money-raising techniques, improving
community facilities and procedures,
and assisting in marshaling the national
resources of each country behind
Scouting.[11]
The staff also helps arrange global
events such as the World Scout
Jamborees, encourages regional
events, and acts as a liaison between
the Scouting Movement and other
international organizations. A major
effort in the emerging nations is the extension of the universal Good Turn into an organization-wide effort
for community development.
[20]
The Bureau was first established in London, England in 1920 and moved to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in
1959. The International Conference directed the move of the Bureau from Ottawa to Geneva on 1 May
1968.[21]
In August 2013, WOSM announced the relocation of the World Scout Bureau Central Office
(WSB-CO) to Kuala Lumpur where it is now located.[22]
Bronze Wolf Award
World Scout Bureau
Location
This list includes Secretaries General ||and their deputies from the World
Organization of the Scout Movement and members of the World Scout Bureau.
From 1920 to 1968, this function was called Director
Title Years Name Country
Director 1920–1938 Hubert S. Martin United Kingdom
Director 1938–1951 John Skinner Wilson United Kingdom
Director 1951–1965 Daniel Spry Canada
Director 1965–1968 Richard T. Lund United Kingdom
Secretary General 1968–1988 László Nagy Switzerland
Secretary General 1988–2004 Jacques Moreillon Switzerland
Deputy Secretary General 1991–2004 Malek Gabr Egypt
Deputy Secretary General 1991–2004 Luc Panissod France
Secretary General 2004–2007 Eduardo Missoni Italy
Deputy Secretary General 2004–2007 Dominique Bénard France
Deputy Secretary General 2004–2007
Luc Panissod
France
Secretary General 2007–2012 France
Secretary General 2013–2016 Scott Teare USA
Secretary General 2017–incumbent Ahmad Alhendawi Jordan
[4][5]
World Scout Centre is a brand of the WOSM but the two World Scout Centres are operated by regional
divisions of WOSM and an independent body:
Kandersteg International Scout Centre in Switzerland, operated by the Scouts International
Home association.
[23]
Cairo International Scout Centre in Egypt, operated by the Arab Region.
The Better World Framework combines the Scouts of the World Award, Messengers of Peace and World
Scout Environment Programmes as programme initiatives administered by the World Scout Bureau.
[24]
The WOSM emblem and membership badge is the World Scout Emblem, a purple, circular logo with a
fleur-de-lis in the center, surrounded by a length of rope tied with a reef knot (also called a square knot).
Baden-Powell used a fleur-de-lis badge awarded to British Army scouts and subsequently adopted and
Leadership
World Scout Centres
World Scout programmes
World Scout emblem
1939-1955 version of
the World Scout
Emblem, used by the
Boy Scouts
International Bureau
and International
Committee members
modified the badge for Scouting. The arrowhead represents the North point on a
compass, and is intended to point Scouts on the path to service and unity. The
three points on the fleur-de-lis represent the three parts of the Scout Promise: -
service to others, duty to God and obedience to the Scout Law.
[25] The two
five-point stars stand for truth and knowledge, with the ten points representing
the ten points of the Scout Law. The bond at the base of the fleur-de-lis
symbolizes the family of Scouting. The encircling rope symbolizes the unity and
family of the World Scout Movement.
The needs of Scout youth in unusual situations has created some interesting
permutations, answerable directly to the World Scout Bureau. These
permutations fall generally into three categories:
"National" Movements not operating within the boundaries of their original homelands, such
as the Russian and Armenian exile groups;[10]
Small, non-voting associations basically viewed by the BSIB as "councils", such as the Boy
Scouts of the United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone
[26]
The less well-known directly registered "mixed-nationality Troops".
Both the Boy Scouts of United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone have long
since disbanded, and the only remaining directly registered Troop is the International Boy Scouts, Troop 1
located in Yokohama, Japan.
In addition to these three groups a temporary recognition was extended by the BSIB to Scouts in displaced
persons camps after World War II. In 1947 at the 11th International Conference the "Displaced Persons
Division" of the BSIB was established to register and support Scouts in displaced person camps in Austria,
Northern Italy, and Germany.
[27] These Scouts did not receive the right of membership in the Boy Scouts
International Conference but gained recognition as Scouts under the protection of the Bureau until they
took up residence in a country that had a recognized National Scouting Organization, which they then
could join.[28]
The D.P. Division was closed on 30 June 1950.[29]
The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement decided to admit and recognise the exile
Russian Scout group as the "Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries" on 30 August
1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a "National Movement on Foreign Soil" on
30 April 1929.[10]
The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945, and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the
United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City, with but 14 members in 1959.
The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with Scouts that claimed British and
not Panamanian nationality was originally placed under the American Scouting overseas of the BSA but, in
1947, was transferred under the International Bureau. In 1957 the group had over 900 members and existed
as a directly registered group until the late 60s.
The third category in the directly registered groups, the "mixed-nationality troops", were registered after
discussions concerning such troops took place at the 3rd International Conference of 1924[30] at which the
BSIB was authorized to directly register such groups. It seems that the discussion at the 1924 International
Conference was, at least in part, prompted by a letter to Baden-Powell from the Scoutmaster of one such
Recognition of non-national Scouting
organizations
troop in Yokohama, Japan.[31] Janning's troop became the first troop directly registered by the BSIB.
[32]
Only a few troops were directly registered as soon the practice was discontinued and new "mixed" groups
were encouraged to join the National Scout Association of their country of residence. In 1955 only two
such groups were still active, a troop in Iraq that disbanded that year,
[33] and the first group to be registered,
the International Troop 1 in Yokohama.
[34] The international troop in Yokohama is the only remaining
active troop of the small group of the originally directly registered mixed-nationality troops.
[35]
Publications of WOSM include:
Scouting 'Round the World: a book updated every three years with details on all WOSM
member organizations;
WorldInfo (http://www.scout.org/front/winfoen.shtml): a monthly circular distributed in
electronic format with the help of Scoutnet.
List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members
Scouts of the World Award
1. "Constitution of the World Organization of the Scout Movement" (http://scout.org/sites/defaul
t/files/library_files/WOSM_Constitution_EN.pdf) (PDF). World Organization of the Scout
Movement. January 2011. p. 3.
2. Colquhoun, OBE, John Frederick (1954). Running a Scout Group. London UK: The Boy
Scouts Association. p. 198. "the first International Conference was held in Paris in 1922,
when Great Britain became one of the founder-members of the world organization."
3. "AFGHANISTAN REJOINS THE SCOUT MOVEMENT, EXPANDING ITS MEMBERSHIP
TO 171 MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS WORLDWIDE" (https://web.archive.org/web/2019011
0080035/https://www.scout.org/node/550830). 10 January 2019. Archived from the original
(https://www.scout.org/node/550830) on 10 January 2019.
4. "Next Secretary General - World Organization of the Scout Movement" (https://www.scout.or
g/nextsgannouncement). www.scout.org. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
5. "Alhendawi announces departure - Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth" (http
s://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/11/alhendawi-announces-departure-position-set-join-world
-organization-scout-movement-secretary-general). www.un.org. Retrieved 15 November
2016.
6. "National Scout Organizations" (https://www.scout.org/worldwide). World Organization of the
Scout Movement. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
7. "Mission" (https://www.scout.org/mission). World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2017.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171206111742/https://www.scout.org/mission) from
the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
8. "The Mission of Scouting" (http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090629035914/http://www.scout.org/
en/about_scouting/mission_vision). World Organization of the Scout Movement. 2007.
Archived from the original (http://www.scout.org/en/about_scouting/mission_vision) on 29
June 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
Publications
See also
References
9. "WOSM and the UN" (https://www.scout.org/un). World Organization of the Scout Movement.
2016.
10. Kroonenberg, Piet J. "Chapter 2: International Scouting: Refugees, Displaced Persons and
Exile Scouting". The Undaunted (https://www.scouting.nl/downloads/referentiebibliotheek/hi
storie/piet-j-kroonenberg/2338-undaunted/file) (Integral Internet Edition, November
2011 ed.). ISBN 9780974647906.
11. "World Scouting" (https://web.archive.org/web/20051224111016/http://www.scouting.org/inte
rnational/worldscout.html). WOSM World Scouting. Archived from the original (http://www.sc
outing.org/international/worldscout.html) on 24 December 2005. Retrieved 2 February 2006.
12. "Laszlo Nagy (1921 - 2009) / Secretary General / World Bureau / Governance / Our
Organisation / Home - World Organization of the Scout Movement" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20090926120551/http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau/secret
ary_general/laszlo_nagy). Archived from the original (http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/go
vernance/world_bureau/secretary_general/laszlo_nagy) on 26 September 2009.
13. "Moot "Down Under" " (https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-feb-09-1960-1
340968/). The Daily News. St. Johns, Newfoundland. 9 February 1960. p. 9. Retrieved
3 September 2019 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
14. "World Scouting Welcomes the Iraq Scout Association"
(https://www.scout.org/node/366936). World Scouting.
15. "Opening of the 42nd World Scout Conference" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrYQnQ
W1_34). Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/FrYQnQW1_34)
from the original on 11 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
16. "World Scout Conference declares Egypt the host for the next event in 2024" (https://www.sc
out.org/43-world-scout-conference-2024). World Organization of the Scout Movement.
Retrieved 29 August 2021.
17. "World Scout Committee" (http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/international/worldscouting.a
spx). WOSM World Scouting. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
18. "World Scout Committee" (https://www.scout.org/WorldScoutCommittee). Scout.org. August
2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210901220735/https://www.scout.org/WorldS
coutCommittee) from the original on 1 September 2021.
19. "Next Secretary General Announced" (https://www.scout.org/10thsgannouncement). World
Organization of the Scout Movement. 11 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
20. "World Scout Bureau fact sheet" (http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-505.aspx).
WOSM World Scouting. Retrieved 2 February 2006.
21. "History and Location" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130806172626/http://scout.org/en/our
_organisation/governance/world_bureau). WOSM World Scout Bureau. Archived from the
original (http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau) on 6 August 2013.
Retrieved 1 September 2013.
22. "World Scout Bureau - Relocation of Central Office" (https://web.archive.org/web/201309190
90636/http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/34284/312108/file/Circular%2021-2013%2
0EN.pdf) (PDF). WOSM Circular N° 20/2013. Archived from the original (http://scout.org/en/c
ontent/download/34284/312108/file/Circular%2021-2013%20EN.pdf) (PDF) on 19
September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
23. "Kandersteg International Scout Centre" (https://www.scout.org/kisc). www.scout.org.
Retrieved 17 May 2018.
24. "Launched: World Scouting-UNESCO World Heritage Recognition Initiative, Messengers of
Peace Programme at the 23rd World Scout Jamboree" (https://scout.org/sites/default/files/ne
ws_files/2015-07-31%20Media%20Release%20-%20World%20Scout%20Programmes_0.p
df) (pdf). WOSM. p. 2.
Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, 1961
Laszlo Nagy, 250 Million Scouts, The World Scout Foundation and Dartnell Publishers,
1985
Eduard Vallory, "World Scouting: Educating for Global Citizenship", Palgrave Macmillan,
New York, 2012
World Scout Conference & World Scout Committee (https://www.scout.org/governance)
World Scout Bureau & Secretary General of the World Organisation of the Scout Movement
(https://www.scout.org/wsb)
World Scout Shops (http://www.worldscoutshops.com)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=World_Organization_of_the_Scout_Movement&oldid=1068036080"
25. "The World Membership Badge" (http://members.scouts.org.uk/factsheets/FS260016.pdf)
(PDF). The Scout Association. 16 May 2006.
26. Wilson, John S. (1959). "The International Bureau Goes on the Road". Scouting Round the
World (first ed.). London: Blandford Press. p. 134. "At Balboa we met up with Gunnar Berg
and Ray Wyland of the B.S.A., also on their way to Bogota, and had a conference about the
question of coloured Scouts in the Canal Zone, who claim British and not Panamanian
nationality. It was agreed that they should be taken under the wing of the Canal Zone
Council of the Boy Scouts of America, but ten years later they were transferred directly under
the International Bureau as the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone."
27. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in
Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 42–43. ISBN 2-
88052-003-7.
28. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in
Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 43–46. ISBN 2-
88052-003-7.
29. Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in
Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. pp. 45–46. ISBN 2-
88052-003-7.
30. 1948 Letter from J. S. Wilson, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troo
p1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
31. 1967 Letter from Jos. Janning, IBS Scoutmaster. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop1.n
et/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
32. 1955 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop
1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
33. 1950 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop
1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
34. 1972 Letter from BSIS Kentropp, BSIB Public Relations. "Historical Documents" (http://www.
troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January
2013.
35. 1956 Letter from R.T. Lund, BSIB Deputy Director. "Historical Documents" (http://www.troop
1.net/history/historical_docs.html). International Boy Scouts. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
Further reading
External links
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