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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 21:05:00 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đđ The Global Network đwww.ntfa.net/universe/pictures/Kup1.jpgKUP ALLEGIANCE: AUTOBOT FUNCTION: WARRIOR FIRST APPEARANCE: THE TRANSFORMERS: THE MOVIE # 1 "The past is the greatest teacher." Profile: Kup, as in Pickup Truck, is an old warhorse. A grizzled Autobot veteran with ten thousand tall tales from his one thousand adventures and a motto or word of advice for any situation. He is as brave as they come and as loyal, and sometimes as crotchety as a wet hen - especially when Hot Rod's adolescent thoughtlessness propels them into dangerous areas. Kup loves the Dinobots because they love hearing his tales of glory. When he transforms, Kup's vehicular mode is somewhat squarish and "old-fashioned" compared to some of the sleeker, "later model" Autobots, but he has no complaint about that. He sees himself as a seasoned campaigner with much knowledge to impart and he imparts it whether or not anyone has asked for it. He is sort of the Falstaff to Hot Rod's Prince Hal and he likes the role. Abilities: In robot mode, he carries an old-style musket laser that shoots bursts of metal-corrosive hydrochloric acid. Range: 5 miles. Speed: 100 mph
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 21:07:03 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đ
22 - Set Your Priorities Right
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 21:54:28 GMT 1
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 21:54:49 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đ
Seekers Transmission about 4 hours ago To: Ion Onara Date: 2021-02-25 17:02:27 UTC
From: 3:496:5e Seekers Abandoned Cruiser I9T{ZVkOg }gD&wm;?& }Gw7}&RnA znq}*w,pS@6Q]} f^.s/\CD1X. `90Gv3;]@sr; E&udIlEh1GM/DH{a5tm[{'hp =0/IYrHr)lU11@Q XcfX6Wp)v
*Systems unable to decode.
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 22:17:55 GMT 1
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 22:20:13 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đ
S.N.A.R.K.S.T.R.O.P.P. : StÀmbandsstark Nagelfarande Argusögd Rakryggad Kraftkarl samt Samvetsgrann Truppledare, Regelföljande Ordningsman och PetmÄnsig President
S.T.U.T. :Stabil TÄlmodig och UthÄllig Typ
T.O.F.S. : TillrÀcklig Oduglig Förutvarande SpÄrhund
H.U.B.B.E. : HögvÀrdad UthÄlligshets BjÀsse och Berömd Eremitus
S.N.Ă.: SnömĂ€ssiga Natur ĂverdĂ€ngare
K.O.T.R.Ă.K.A.: Kloka och Osedvanligt Tappra RĂ€ddande Ănglar av Knasiga Ankfarbröder
K.K.K.Ă.: Karastrof som KrĂ€ver Kriminella ĂverlevnadsĂ„tgĂ€rder
D.O.M.H.E.R.R.E. : Duktig Ornitolog Med HedervÀrd Engagerad Redighet och Rekord Energi
P.L.U.S. : PÄpassliga Ledare i UrsvÄra Situationer
G.I.V.T. : General I Vildmarks Teori
G.I.S.T. : General I Stads Teori
D.U.S.T.: Drönare Utan Speciellt TÄlamod
P.O.T.T.A.: PÄfallande OtÄlig och Tetlig Typ med Ambition
F.E.T.K.N.O.P.P.: Fortunas EgenhÀndige Tombola Krafsare,NUmmer-Oppdragare och Pris Presentatör
T.O.F.S.: TillrÀcklig Oduglig Förutvarande SpÄrhund
K.U.S.L.I.G.: Kvalitativ Uttolkare av Spöhistorier och Legender om Illfundiga Gastar
P.A.N.G.P.A.M.P.: Prickfri AvsevÀrd Namnkunnig Generalissimus, Paradexempel AngÄende Maxial Professionalism
K.R.Ă
.K.A.: Kunnig som en RĂ€ka eller Ă
da med KlÀm
P.I.P.P.I.: PrÀktig IntesÀgande PrutgÄs med Pyttelitet intresse
F.O.T.S.V.A.M.P.: FörtrÀffliga OmhÀnder-Tagare av Svampar VÀxter och Andra MiljökÀnsliga Planteringsobjekt
S.T.O.R.K.L.O.K.: SuverÀn Taktiker och Riktig Kreativ Ledare med OövertrÀffad Kompetens
K.Ă.F.T.S.M.Ă.L.L.E.N.: KrĂ€vande och Ărevördiga, Fantastiska Tilltag mot Slappfiskar, Makliga Ăventyrare och Lata, Liknöjda Elever och Noviser
I.S.B.I.T.S.N.Ă.S.A.: Iskall StorstĂ„tlig Byggare av Igloor, TusenstjĂ€rnig Snöarkitekt och Notarisk Ălskare av SmĂ€llkalla AnlĂ€ggningar
E.K.O.R.R.V.Ă.N. : Exceptionell Kunskapshavare och OvedersĂ€glig Recitatör av Rationell Visdom om Ăkta Naturskydd
M.Y.R.M.A.N.: MÀkta Yrkeskunnig RÄdgivare om Midjesteklars AllmÀnna Nytta
P.O.P.P.O.P.O.F.F.P.O.F.F.: PÄfodrare av Oomkullrunkelig Perfektion och PÄlitlighet, Oblidelig Profoss för OdygnspÄsar samt Funissör av Floskulösa Projekt och Ostentativt Frappande Företag
Ă.K.E.N.S.A.N.D.: ĂverlĂ€gset Kunniga Experter pĂ„ Naturvetenskap med SĂ€rskilt Avseende pĂ„ Namngivning av Djurarter
K.L.A.R.A.R.A.L.L.T.: Kompetenta, Livserfarna Arbetsmyror och Rutinerade AktingsvÀrda Realisörer av Allsköns Logistiskt Labyrintiska TjÀnsteuppdrag
V.E.T.B.Ă.S.T.: Verkligen EnastĂ„ende Tillvarataganre av Boklig Ăvlan och StudiemĂ€ssiga Talanger
I.B.K.E.L.E.F.M.A.: IhÀrdigt Bevisande av Kapacitet och Exemplariskt Ledarskap och EnastÄende Föredömen för Morska Ankor
H.O.U.D.I.N.I.: Habila Oantastliga Utförande av Diverse Ickekriminella Nattliga Inbrott
S.N.Ă.M.O.S.: SĂ€rskilt Noterbara Ăvningar Med Omfattande SpĂ„rning
S.N.Ă.L.L.M.E.S.: SamfĂ€llt Nyttobringande Ăgnande Ă„t LokalmiljövĂ„rd, Lovprisad Manifestation för Exekverande av SkrĂ€pplockning
K.U.F.O.: Kosmiska Upplysningens Felfria Orakel
G.R.Ă.V.L.I.N.G.: Galonerad Romantisör av Ăndlös Vildmark och Legendarisk Inskolare av Nya Gröngölingar
T.O.K.K.L.O.K.: Tankeskarp Omdömesgill Kaptensperson med Knoppen Laddad av Otappade Koncepter
K.A.K.S.M.A.K.A.R.E.: kinkg Abnormt KrÀvande Servitör av Magistrala Admomitioner, KÀrva Avhyvlingar och Respektive EfterrÀkningar
M.E.S.F.R.Ă.S.: Mineral-Experter med SĂ€rskild Fackinriktning pĂ„ Riktigt Ădla Stenar
S.Ă.T.S.U.R.F.A.R.B.R.O.R.: Styresman Ăver Tveksamma Skogsvilsna Ungdomar och RĂ€ttrĂ„dig Fostrare Av Redobogna BrĂ„dmogna RejĂ€la och Reko
B.R.U.S.H.U.V.U.D.: Beordrare av Remarkabla Uppdrag Samt HÀnslys Utdelare av VedervÀrdig Utstuderande Duvningar
B.I.F.F.S.T.A.B.B.: Bevakare av IlldÄd, Fuffens och Fula Spratt Samt Tilldelare av Allehanda Berömliga Belöningar
S.V.A.M.M.E.L.S.V.A.B.B.: Sublim VidmakshÄllare Av Mesta Möjliga Exemplariska Lugn Samt VÀnlig, Alltid BehÀrskad BrÄkavstyrare
T.R.Ă
.K.M.Ă
.N.S.: TjĂ€nsteförĂ€ttande Röststark Ă
thutare och Kommendör för Magistrala Ă
lÀgganden av NedslÄende Sysslor
F.J.Ă.D.E.R.H.A.T.T.: Föredömlig JĂ€rnhandad Ămbetshavare Diktatorisk EnvĂ€ldig Reglementsryttare Och HĂ„rdhĂ€nd Antagonist till Tveksamheter och Tjafs
K.N.A.S.B.O.L.L.: Konfunderad Namngivare Av Stenar, Bergarter Och Liknande Lull-lull
B.R.Ă.L.A.N.D.E.M.A.L.M.B.R.Ă.S.T.: BenhĂ„rd Respektingivande Ăverbeskyddande med Lidelsefull Aktning för NaturvĂ„rdare och DĂ„dkraftiga Expeditioner: MotstĂ„ndare till Allehanda LĂ€ttsinniga Medlöpare samt Bestraffare av RötĂ€gg, ĂgontjĂ€nare och Stendumma Tjockskallar
M.O.D.I.B.A.R.M.: Moralstark Observatör av Djuriska Incidenter och Bergfast Avslöjare av Ryktesspridare Mytomaner
A.M.S.A.G.O.S.P.Ă
.N.: Aprioriskt Manisk Sökande Av Gamla Otillförlitliga SĂ€gesrykten PĂ„ Ă
ldersförvittrande Naturlokaliteter
P.A.N.N.B.E.N.: Paleozoologisk Ansvarshavare för Nogsamt Nedtecknande och Bevarande av Enorma Naturhistoriefynd
T.V.Ă
.L.F.A.G.E.R.: Toxikologisk Vetenskapsexpert pĂ„ Ă
tgÀrdskraftig Limnologi och Fordringsfull AnhÀngare av Giftfri Ekologisk Renhet
S.T.E.K.: Strategisk Edsvuren Kontrolant
S.T.R.O.P.P.S.N.Ă.S.A.R.E.: SuverĂ€nt Toppstyrande Regemenstregent Och Petig Patrullchef Samt Notabel Ărehöljd Spridare Av rakryggande Erfarenheter
B.Ă.S.S.: BefĂ€l Ăver SuverĂ€n SpĂ„rsökning
G.I.S.T.: General I Stads Teori
G.I.S.T.: General I Stads TerÀng
B.E.L.L.E.R.I.N.G.B.U.L.L.N.E.C.K. (Bellicose Expecter of Limitless Lionization, Esteem, Reverence, and Indefatigable, Never-dying Gung-ho as well as Bedeviller of Unskillful, Lunkheaded Lallygaggers, and Nemesis of Extemporizing Campground Know-nothings)
B.O.W.W.O.W. (Bestrewer of Well-Padded Wisdom, Omniscence, and Whatever)
B.R.A.S.S.G.R.A.S.S.E.R. (Brain Rattling Assigner Stupendous Sweatouts and Giver of Awesome Scathing Scoldings and Expurgatory Roustings)
B.T.H.H.M. (Bucket To Hold His Medals)
C.O.D.F.A.T.H.E.R. (Ceremonialized Oratorical Discourser on Fishes, Alfalfa, Toadstools, Humans, Earwigs, and/or Rodents)
C.O.O.L.H.E.A.D. (Calmer of Outbreaks, Outcries, Lamentations, Hassless, Expostulations, And Disquietude)
Chevaliers of the Honor Guard
Commandants of the Hightails' Hall of Heroes
Commander-in-Chief
Corporal Butterball
D.E.M.I.J.O.H.N. (Dynamic Earthshaking Molder of Immaculate Junk Oeliterators Here and Now)
D.O.G. (Doctor of Odd-ball Gimmickry)
Exalted Grand Marshall
Exalted Hightails
Field Marshal Fox
G.C.O.T.O.O.M. (Grand Commanders Of The Order Of Mercury)
G.P.O.O.T.K.H. (Great Peerless Overseer Of The Kitchen Help)
G.U.C.O.T.R.O.I.S. (Great, Unopposable Commandant Of The Realm Of Inextinguishabale Sagacity)
G.U.F.F.S.P.O.U.T.E.R. (Gentle, Unflappable, Friendly Fellow, and Serene, Peaceful, Orderly, Tranquil Example of Reasonableness) *
Generals
H.I.S.S. and P.O.A.H.M. (Hardheaded Intuitive Sagacity Spreader and Possessor Of All Hiss Marbles)
H.I.S.T.O.R.Y.N.U.T. (Hypercritical Inquiring Seeker into Tales of Old and Rumors of Yore, as well as Noser-outer of Unprovable Tommyrot)
H.O.T.S.H.O.T.T.E.R. (Hawkeyed Ogler of Twigs, Sprigs, Herbs, Oaks, Truffles, Thickets, Eelgrass and Ragweeds)
I.R.O.N.H.E.A.R.T. (Interpid Router of Overblown Nocturnal Hobgoblins and Exposer of Addlepated Rumormongering Taletellers)
I.T.S.A.A.D.C.O.T.F.O.I.K. (International Twelve-Star Admiral And Deputy Custodian Of The Fountain Of Inexhaustible Knowledge)
J.O.I.C.K.S. (Just Ordinary Insignificant Kid Simpletons)
J.O.Y.K.I.L.L.E.R. (Jaw-Breaking Order Yeller and Know-it-all Intoner of Leather-lunged Lecturing, Excoriating and Rank-rattling)
K.I.N.G. (Knightly, Intrepid, Natatorial Guardian)
Lieutenant-General Holsworthy Hog
M.A.S.L.L.B.P.C.M. (Mighty Admirable Sachem of the Long Limousine and Benevolent Paver of the Clubhouse Mortgage)
M.O.N.K.E.Y.S.U.N.C.L.E. (Multifabulous Overseer of Noteworthy Knot-tying, Eagle-spying, Yodel-crying, and Sock-drying as well as Understander of Nature and Converser with Lions and Elks)
O.D.D.B.A.L.L.E.R. (Observer of Devious Doings and Bestower of Accolades and Limitless Laurels upon Entitled Recipients
O.G.U.F.O.O.L. (Omnipotent Giver of Unimpeachably Full-bodied Observations on Omniscient Logic)
O.O.O.T.Q.F.U.E. (Omnipotent Overseer Of The Quest For Unsurpassable Excellence)
Philodemus Gentlefogg, J.A.W.B.O.N.E. (Judicious, Abstruse, Wise Bestower of Neolithic Edification (of Duckburg Burrow Number 22 of the Junior Woodchucks of the World))
R.I.N.G.T.A.I.L.E.D.S.N.O.R.T.E.R. (Radiant, Illustrious, Notable, Glittering, Topflight, Analytical Instructor in Logistical Engineering Dynamics and Sharpeyed, Nitpicking, Overseer, Recorder, Tabulator and Excuse Rejector)
Rear Admirals of the Arctic Snows
S.A.P.P.Y.P.A.P.P.Y. (Stern Advocator of Peanuts-Picking Yard-masterism and Peerless Abecedarian Producer of Prabeworthy Youth)
S.L.A.C.K.E.R.W.H.A.C.K.E.R. (Stentorian, Law-spouting, Adjudicating Cracker of Knobs and Expounder of Rules as well as Watchdog, Herdmaster, Admiral, Commodore, King, Emperor and Rip-roarer
S.L.O.B. (Simple, Lowdown, Ordinary Boobhound)
S.M.O.G.D.O.G. (Snifferocious Measurer, Observer, and Gatherer of Deleterious Oxygen Gunkups)
S.O.A.P.F.R.E.A.K. (Stern Overseer of Aquatic Peccadillos and Fastidious Rectifier of Ecological Abuses and Knaveries)
S.O.S.S. (Saver Of Stranded Souls)
S.S.S.S. (Supremely Sagacious Spoor Sniffer)
S.U.E.O.T.U. (Supreme Unsurpassable Engineers Of The Universe)
Supreme Exalted Bridge Masters of the Yawning Gulfs
T.A.I.L.C.R.A.N.K.E.R. (Tempestuous Assailer of Indolent Lackadaisicalness and Case-hardened Requirer of Absolute Nose-dripping, Kowtowing, Ear-cocking Regimentationalism)
T.O.P.B.R.A.S.S. (Thunderbolt of Omnisient Perspicacity and Boss Ramrod of Abounding Succor Spreaders)
T.R.O.O.P.E.R.P.O.O.P.E.R. (Tempestuous Requester of Overblown Obedience, Perfection, Enthusiasm, and Reliability as well as Propounder of Outrageously Ostentations Programs, Enterprises and Razzledazzles)
T.U.B.B.A.B.L.U.B.B.E.R. (Towering, Unperturbable Bellwether of Brobdingnagian Adventures and Belchfiring Larruper of Unsavory Beachrats, Buccaneers, and Ecology Ravagers)
Ten Star Generals
Trainer Boldan True
Trooper Hogg
W.A.F.E.R.W.A.V.E.R. (Whip-cracking Achiever of Frightfully Efficient Regimentation and Wrathful Arm-twisting Vocalizer of Expostulatory Rake-Doukk)
H.I.S.T.O.R.Y.N.U.T.: Hypercritical Inquiring Seeker into Tales of Old and Rumors of Your, as well as Noser-outer of Unprowable Tommyryot
J.A.W.B.O.N.E.: Juicious Abstruse, Wise Bestower of Neolithic Edification
O.G.U.F.O.O.L.: Omnipotent Giver of Unimpeachably Fullbodied Observations on Omnicient Logic
M.A.S.L.L.B.P.C.M.: Mighty Admirable Sachem of the long Limousine and Benevolent Paver of the Clubhouse Mortage
T.O.K.A.: Todernas Ovanligaste och Knepigaste Ankeborgsskata
S.T.E.N.T.O.R.S.K.: Synnerligen TillbedjansvÀrd Entrepenör och Nedskrivare av TacknÀmliga Oceanografiska Rapporter om Simmande Kreatur
S.J.Ă..K.O.R.T.: Seriöst JĂ€tteduktiga Ăforskare och Kartografisktn Operativa Rekognoscörer av Tomrum
ORDFĂRANDE= Oerhört Ryktbar Demokratisk FörestĂ„ndare Ăver Rikets Arkiv med Noggrant Dokumenterad Erfarenhet
KASSĂR= Kufisk Ankist Skötandes SpĂ€nn och Ăren Redigt
SEKRETERARE= Skriftligen Erfaren Kuf som Àr Riktigt Enveten och Tragiskt Elak med Roliga Anekdoter efter Rysliga Evenemang
ĂVRIG LEDAMOT= ĂkĂ€nd, Vetgirig RĂ€v Inom GrĂ€nslandet Liv eller Dagdröm. Annars Mycket OvĂ€rderlig Typ
T.V.Ă
.L.F.A.G.E.R., vilket dĂ„ Ă€r en förkortning för Toxikologisk Vetenskapsexpert pĂ„ Ă
tgÀrdskraftig Limnologi och Fordringsfull AnhÀngare av Giftfri Ekologisk Renhet) en annan Àr
S.TE.K (strategisk edsvuren kontrollant)
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 23:03:13 GMT 1
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 23:37:08 GMT 1
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 23:48:00 GMT 1
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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 23:56:25 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đHuey, Dewey, and Louie Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck Left to right: Louie, Dewey, and Huey First appearance Donald Duck Sunday newspaper strip, 1937 Created by Ted Osborne Al Taliaferro Voiced by Clarence Nash (1938â1965) The Mellomen (Scrooge McDuck and Money) Russi Taylor (1987âpresent) Tony Anselmo (1987, 1999âpresent) In Quack Pack: Huey: Jeannie Elias Dewey: Pamela Adlon Louie: Elizabeth Daily Information Full name Hubert Duck, Deuteronomy Duck and Louis Duck (Quack Pack) Species American Pekin duck Occupation students (trained scouts) Family Duck family Relatives Donald Duck (uncle, legal guardian) Scrooge McDuck (great-uncle) Nationality American Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck are triplet cartoon characters created in 1937 by writer Ted Osborne and cartoonist Al Taliaferro, and are owned by The Walt Disney Company. Huey, Dewey, and Louie are the nephews of Donald Duck and the grandnephews of Scrooge McDuck. Like their uncles, the boys are anthropomorphic white ducks with yellow-orange beaks and feet. They typically wear shirts and colorful baseball caps, which are sometimes used to differentiate each character. Huey, Dewey and Louie have made several animated appearances in both films and television, but comics remain their primary medium. The trio are collectively the 11th most published comic book characters in the world, and outside of the superhero genre, second only to Donald.[1] While the boys were originally created as mischief-makers to provoke Donald's famous temper, later appearances showed them to be valuable assets to him and Scrooge on their adventures. All three of the boys are members of the fictional scouting organization the Junior Woodchucks. Origins Final panel of 1937 Sunday newspaper strip Donald Duck that introduced Donald's nephews; drawn by Al Taliaferro Huey, Dewey, and Louie were the idea of Al Taliaferro, the artist for the Silly Symphonies comic strip, which featured Donald Duck. The Walt Disney Productions Story Dept. on February 5, 1937, sent Taliaferro a memo recognizing him as the source of the idea for the planned short, Donald's Nephews. The nephews debuted in Taliaferro's comic strip, which by this time had been renamed Donald Duck, on Sunday, October 17, 1937, beating the theatrical release of Donald's Nephews by almost six months. The names were devised by Disney gag man Dana Coty, who took them from Huey Long, Thomas Dewey, and Louis Schmitt, an animator at the Disney Studio in the 1930s and 1940s. Taliaferro's introduction of the nephews emulated the three nephews in the Happy Hooligan comic strip and was also influenced by Mickey Mouse's nephews, Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse.[2] In other languages, the characters are known as Knatte, Fnatte and Tjatte (Swedish); Riri, Fifi and Loulou (French); Tick, Trick and Track (German); Qui, Quo and Qua (Italian); Soso, Tutu and Lulu (Arabic); Billy, Willy and Dilly (Russian); Rip, Rap and Rup (Danish); Kwik, Kwek and Kwak (Dutch and Indonesian, and Kwok for the fourth nephew); Bilis, Dilis and Vilis (Lithuanian); Tiki, Niki and Viki (Hungarian); Ole, Dole and Doffen (Norwegian); Hyzio, Dyzio and Zyzio (Polish); Tupu, Hupu and Lupu (Finnish); Raja, Gaja and Vlaja (Serbian); Hinko, Dinko and Vinko (Croatian); Huguinho, Zezinho e Luisinho (Portuguese); Jorgito, Juanito and Jaimito (Spanish-Spain) and Hugo, Paco and Luis (Latin American Spanish); Titus, Totus and Tutus (Latin), KulĂk, DulĂk a BubĂk (Czech); Pak, Ćœak and Mak (Slovenian). Character background Further information: Duck family (Disney) § Della Duck and § Huey, Dewey, and Louie's father Huey, Dewey, and Louie are the sons of Donald's sister Della Duck; in Donald's Nephews, their mother is instead named Dumbella. In the original theatrical shorts, they were originally sent to visit Donald for only one day; in the comics, the three were sent to stay with Donald on a temporary basis, until their father came back from the hospital (the boys ended up sending him there after a practical joke of putting firecrackers under his chair). According to a published Duck family tree, their full names are Huebert, Deuteronomy and Louis. In both the comics and animated shorts, the boys' parents were never heard from or mentioned again after these instances, with the boys ending up permanently living with Donald. All four of them live in the fictional city of Duckburg, in the fictional state of Calisota. The three ducklings are noted for their identical appearances and personalities. A running joke involves the three sometimes even finishing each other's sentences. In the theatrical shorts, Huey, Dewey, and Louie often behave in a rambunctious and mischievous manner, and they sometimes commit retaliation or revenge on their uncle Donald Duck. In the comics, however, as developed by Al Taliaferro and Carl Barks, the young ducks are more usually portrayed as well-behaved, preferring to assist their uncle Donald Duck and great-uncle Scrooge McDuck in the adventure at hand. In the early Barks comics, the ducklings were still wild and unruly, but their character improved considerably due to their membership in the Junior Woodchucks and the good influence of their wise old great-grandmother Elvira Coot "Grandma" Duck. According to Don Rosa, Huey, Dewey and Louie became members of the Junior Woodchucks when they were around 11 years old.[3] Colors of Huey, Dewey, and Louie's outfits Self-referential humor: Scrooge with Huey, Dewey, and Louie in "Return to Plain Awful" (1989) by Don Rosa In early comic books and shorts, the caps of Huey, Dewey, and Louie were colored randomly, depending on the whim of the colorist. On few occasions until 1945 and most every cartoon short afterward, all three nephews wore identical outfits (most commonly red). It wasn't until the 1980s when it became established that Huey is dressed in red, Dewey in blue, and Louie in green. Disney's archivist Dave Smith, in "Disney A to Z," said, "Note that the brightest hue of the three is red (Huey), the color of water, dew, is blue (Dewey), and that leaves Louie, and leaves are green." A few random combinations appear in early Disney merchandise and books, such as orange and yellow. Another combination that shows up from time to time is Huey in blue, Dewey in green, and Louie in red. In-story, this inconsistency is explained away as a result of the ducklings borrowing each other's clothes. In Donald Duck and Uncle Scrooge comics the trio have occasionally been known to dress in their usual outfits, but rather than have their usual colors they all wear black (or the same dark color), rendering them visually identical, leaving their hat color available if they care to be distinguished. One story in Donald Duck comics was based around Donald spending so much time trying to tell his three nephews apart that he developed a heightened sense of sight. Phooey Duck Panel with Huey, Dewey, and Louie along with a fourth nephew, Phooey Duck On a few occasions, an artist by error drew four nephews and the error was not noticed but was published. This fourth nephew has been named Phooey Duck by Disney comic editor Bob Foster.[4][5] One short Egmont-licensed Disney comic (called Much Ado About Phooey in English-language version) used Phooey as a character and explained Phooey's sporadic appearances as a freak incident of nature. (The Swedish text in the two speech balloons says "It is a fourth nephew! An exact copy of the others! / Yes, it's probably best that I explain".)[6] Languages translated Language Huey Dewey Louie Colors Albanian Hjui Dui Lui Kuq, Blu dhe GjelbĂ«r Arabic Soso/Kar-kur Tutu/Far-fur Lulu/Zar-zur Ahmar, Azraq wa Ahdar Bulgarian Đ„ŃĐž ĐŃĐž ĐŃĐž ĐĄĐžĐœ, ĐĐ”Đ»Đ”Đœ Đž ЧДŃĐČĐ”Đœ Catalan Joanet Jordinet Jaumet Roig, blau i verd Chinese èŸćż/äŒäŒ æćż/æäŒ è·Żćż/è·Żæ çșąèČ, èèČ ć 绿èČ Croatian Hinko Vinko Dinko Crveni, Plavi i Zeleni Czech KulĂk DulĂk BubĂk ÄervenĂœ, ModrĂœ a ZelenĂœ Danish Rip Rap Rup BlĂ„, GrĂžn og RĂžd Dutch Kwik Kwek Kwak Rood, Blauw en Groen English Huey Dewey Louie Red, Blue and Green Estonian Hups Tups Lups Punane, Sinine ja Roheline Finnish Hupu Tupu Lupu Punainen, Sininen ja VihreĂ€ French Fifi Riri Loulou Rouge, Bleu et Vert German Tick Trick Track Rot, Blau und GrĂŒn Greek ΧÎčÎżÏη ÎÏÎčÎżÏη ÎÎčÎżÏη ÎÏÎșÎșÎčÎœÎż, ÎαλΏζÎčÎż-ÎÏλΔ ÎșαÎč Î ÏÎŹÏÎčÎœÎż Hungarian Tiki Niki Viki Zöld, Piros Ă©s KĂ©k Icelandic Ripp Rapp Rupp RauĂ°ur, BlĂĄr og GrĂŠnn Indonesian Kwik Kwek Kwak Merah, Biru dan Hijau Italian Qui Quo Qua Rosso, Blu e Verde Japanese ăă„ăŒă€ (Huey) ăă„ăŒă€ (Dewey) ă«ăŒă€ (Louie) 蔀, é ăš ç· Latvian Tiks TÄ«ks Triks Sarkans, Zils un ZaÄŒĆĄ Norwegian Ole Dole Doffen RĂžd, BlĂ„ og GrĂžnn Polish Hyzio Dyzio Zyzio Czerwony, Niebieski i Zielony Portuguese Huguinho Zezinho Luisinho Vermelho, Azul e Verde Romanian Hewey Dewey Louie Rosu, Albastru Èi Verde Russian ĐОллО ĐОллО ĐОллО ĐŃĐ°ŃĐœŃĐč, ĐĄĐžĐœĐžĐč Đž ĐДлŃĐœŃĐč Serbian Raja Gaja Vlaja Crveni, Plavi i Zeleni Slovak Hui Dui Lui ÄervenĂœ, ModrĂœ a ZelenĂœ Slovenian Pak Ćœak Mak RdeÄa, Modra in Zelena Spanish (America) Hugo Paco Luis Rojo, Azul y Verde Spanish (Spain) Jorgito Juanito Jaimito Rojo, Azul y Verde Swedish Knatte Fnatte Tjatte Röd, BlĂ„ och Grön Turkish Cin Can Cem Kırmızı, Mavi ve YeĆil Ukrainian ĐŃŃŃĐžĐș ĐĐČĐ°ŃĐžĐș ĐŃŃŃĐžĐș ЧДŃĐČĐŸĐœĐžĐč, ĐĄĐžĐœŃĐč ŃĐ° ĐĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐč Animation # Short film Date Shirt Colours Notes 1 Donald's Nephews April 15, 1938 Red, Green, Orange 2 Good Scouts July 8, 1938 All scout uniforms 3 Donald's Golf Game November 4, 1938 Red, Yellow, Orange 4 The Hockey Champ April 28, 1939 Red, Green, Orange 5 Sea Scouts June 30, 1939 All Red 6 Mr. Duck Steps Out June 7, 1940 Yellow, Green, Red Also starring Daisy Duck 7 Fire Chief December 13, 1940 Red, Yellow, Blue/All Red 8 All Together 13 January 1942 All Red A WWII Cartoon 9 The Nifty Nineties June 20, 1941 All Blue A Mickey Mouse Cartoon 10 Truant Officer Donald August 1, 1941 Red, Green, Orange 11 Donald's Snow Fight April 10, 1942 Red, Green, Orange 12 Home Defense November 26, 1943 All Red 13 Donald Duck and the Gorilla March 31, 1944 Red, Yellow, Green 14 Donald's Off Day December 8, 1944 All Red 15 Donald's Crime June 29, 1945 Red, Green, Orange Also starring Daisy Duck 16 Straight Shooters April 18, 1947 All Red 17 Soup's On October 15, 1948 All Red 18 Donald's Happy Birthday February 11, 1949 All Red 19 Lion Around January 20, 1950 All Red 20 Lucky Number July 20, 1951 All Red 21 Trick or Treat October 10, 1952 Various Halloween costumes Also starring Witch Hazel 22 Don's Fountain of Youth May 30, 1953 All Red 23 Canvas Back Duck December 25, 1953 All Red Also starring Peg Leg Pete 24 Spare the Rod January 15, 1954 All Green/Red 25 Donald's Diary March 5, 1954 All Light Blue Also starring Daisy Duck; Huey, Dewey and Louie (who are not named) are Daisy's little brothers and not Donald's nephews 26 The Litterbug June 21, 1961 Red, Yellow, Green 27 Donald's Fire Survival Plan 1965 All Red They also appeared with Uncle Scrooge but without Donald in Scrooge McDuck and Money. After the era of theatrical shorts ended, they appeared in: Donald Duck Presents DuckTales Sport Goofy in Soccermania Mickey Mouse Works House of Mouse Quack Pack Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse Mickey's House of Villains Comics Within the comics, Huey, Dewey, and Louie often play a major role in most stories involving either their uncle Donald or great-uncle Scrooge McDuck, accompanying them on most of their adventures. Also seen in the comics is the boys' membership in the Boy Scouts of America-like organization, the Junior Woodchucks, including their use of the Junior Woodchucks Guidebook, a manual containing all manner of information on virtually every subject possible (however, there are some resources, such as the ancient libraries of Tralla La, that hold information not found in the guidebook). This excellent youth organization, which has twin goals of preserving knowledge and preserving the environment, was instrumental in transforming the three brothers from little hellions to upstanding young ducks. In Disney comic writer Don Rosa's (unofficial) continuity, Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck were born around 1940 in Duckburg. True to his jocular style, Rosa occasionally makes subtle references to the untold mystery of the three boys' life: What became of their parents? In his epic comic series, Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, Rosa pictures how Scrooge first met Donald and his nephews, saying: "I'm not used to relatives, either! The few I had seem to have... disappeared!" Huey, Dewey, and Louie answer: "We know how that feels, Unca Scrooge!" In Some Heir Over the Rainbow by Carl Barks, Huey, Dewey, and Louie, along with Donald Duck and Gladstone Gander, are tested by Scrooge McDuck, who wants to pick an heir to his fortune. Using the legend of a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow, Scrooge secretly gives US$ 3,000 (One thousand to Huey, Dewey, and Louie, another for Gladstone, and the last one for Donald). Donald uses his money for a down payment of a new car, now being $1,000 in debt. Gladstone, considering himself too lucky to need the money this soon, hides the money for when and if he needs it, causing Scrooge to consider him a better option than Donald. Huey, Dewey, and Louie lend their money to a man who claims to need the money to search for a treasure. Initially thinking they were tricked out of the money, Scrooge actually considers leaving his fortune to Gladstone, even though he sees that as "an awful injustice to the world", but the man actually finds the treasure and pays the kids back. Scrooge makes Huey, Dewey, and Louie his heirs. Although this is disregarded in a number of later comics, it seems to be the most solidly canon indication of Scrooge's plans. Later appearances DuckTales They later starred in the 1987 animated television series DuckTales, in which they appeared in adventures with their great-uncle, Scrooge McDuck (Donald having enlisted in the U.S. Navy). The boys' personalities in this series were mainly based on their comic book appearances versus the theatrical shorts. Minor appearances Movies In the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Huey, Dewey, and Louie appear in a picture on a newspaper in Eddie Valiant's office. In 1990, the boys also made an appearance in the anti-drug TV special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue. Furthermore, they also appeared in Duck Tales the movie where they go on a treasure hunt with their Uncle Scrooge and end befriending a kindhearted Genie. As the movie progresses, they make unimaginable wishes and end-up having to help Uncle Scrooge face an old enemy. They also make a cameo in Mickey's Christmas Carol. Character appearances Huey, Dewey and Louie appear as characters only at Tokyo Disney and Disneyland Paris. Tokyo Disney Huey, Dewey and Louie only appeared in seasonal Parades Easter, Halloween and Christmas 2011 after a long absence. They also appeared in the Countdown Party Parade 2011. Disneyland Paris Huey, Dewey and Louie appear more regularly in Paris. They appeared during the Christmas season 2010 in their daytime and nighttime Parades at the Disneyland Park "Disneyland Paris's Magic Kingdom" Disney's Once Upon a Dream Parade and in the Disney's Fantillusion Parade in glittery outfits. They made another appearance at Disneyland Paris for meet and greet at the Disneyland Hotel on April 2, 2011 the day of the Press Event for the launch of their new season "Magical Moments Festival". They also appeared at the Disney's Once Upon a Dream Parade at the Disneyland Park in special outfits for the Parade and at the Disney's Stars 'n' Cars Parade at the Walt Disney Studios Park in a unique directors outfits. The Three Nephews appeared at Disneyland Paris's Halloween season 2011. they have their own show during "Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Parties" at the Disneyland Park in Disneyland Paris, titled "Huey, Dewey and Louie's Trick or Treat Party". They also made an appearance for meet and greet at Disneyland Paris's "Disney's Halloween Party" on October 31, 2011. This is the first time ever that the three nephews appear for meet and greet at any of the Disney Parks for regular park guests. They were also part of the Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve 2011/2012 celebrations at the Disneyland Hotel. After DuckTales Huey, Dewey, and Louie as teenagers in Quack Pack. Huey, Dewey, and Louie also starred in the 1990s series Quack Pack, in which the three were portrayed as teenagers. In Quack Pack, the boys were given distinct personalities, with Huey serving as the group's leader, Dewey as a computer whiz, and Louie as enjoying sports. After Quack Pack, the boys were reverted to their original ages in future appearances, including 2000s series Mickey Mouse Works, and then re-aged in House of Mouse. On House of Mouse, they served as the house band in a variety of different styles (most commonly as 'The Quackstreet Boys'). They also feature prominently, in a segment of the computer-animated film, Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas from 2004. Voices Clarence Nash, Donald's voice actor, gave the voices to the boys in the cartoon shorts, making them just as unintelligible as Donald's. Huey, Dewey, and Louie were all voiced by Russi Taylor in DuckTales. In Quack Pack, they were voiced by Jeannie Elias, Pamela Segall, and Elizabeth Daily, respectively. Tony Anselmo voiced the characters in Down and Out with Donald Duck (1987), House of Mouse and Mickey Mouse Works, but Russi Taylor still voices the trio in other projects, such as the video games Donald Duck: Goin' Quackers and Mickey's Speedway USA, and the direct-to-video films Mickey's Once and Twice Upon a Christmas. Russi Taylor also reprised her role as the nephews in the DuckTales: Remastered video game and the post-2013 Mickey Mouse shorts. Cultural influences In the 1972 science fiction film Silent Running directed by Douglas Trumbull, the main character, Lowell, befriends three robot drones and renames them Huey, Dewey and Louie. Coincidentally, the drones appear in their semi-official colors: Huey is reddish-orange, Dewey is blue and Louie is green. In the Canadian television series Due South, two of the detectives at the Chicago Police Department where the series takes place are named Jack Huey and Louis (Louie) Gardino. After season two, Gardino is replaced by Detective Thomas Dewey. They are often referred to as "the duck boys" by other characters. In Finland, the three main political parties, namely the National Coalition Party, the Centre Party and the Social Democratic Party, are sometimes sarcastically referred as Huey, Dewey, and Louie, for there are allegedly no differences in their political agendas. The joke is based on the fact that the parties use the same symbolic colours (blue â NCP, green â Centre, red â Social Democrats) as the three ducks' caps. In the Cowboy Bebop episode "Waltz for Venus," Spike and Faye capture three minor bounty heads named Louey, Huey, and Dewey. They all appeared in the Robot Chicken episode "Some like it Hitman" voiced by Seth Green (Huey and Dewey) and Sam Kwasman (Louie). In that sketch, they ask their Uncle Donald (also voiced by Kwasman) if they can see their mom (Della Duck) again. The three prototypes of the MooresCloud ambient devices were named "Huey, Dewey and Louie" when first presented to the tech press in Sydney, Australia by futurist Mark Pesce.[7] In The Dukes of Hazzard, Boss Hogg has a nephew called Hughie Hogg (who appears in several episodes from season two onwards) while Boss Hogg's big brother Louie Hogg appears in season six's "How To Succeed In Hazzard." In the 1988 post-apocalyptic role playing game Wasteland, the player's party can neutralize a gang led by triplets named Huey, Dewey and Louie. Their color scheme may also have influenced the Powerpuff Girls; particularly their male counterparts, the Rowdyruff Boys. Video game appearances Huey, Dewey, and Louie appear in the third Magical Quest game. The object of the game is to rescue them from the clutches of the villainous King Pete. The trio also appear in Quackshot piloting Donald's plane as he travels the world in search of a lost treasure. They also appear in The Lucky Dime Caper for the Sega Master system, where they are kidnapped by Magica De Spell. Donald must find Scrooge's lucky dime and barter for their safety. They also appear in Donald Duck: Goin' Quackers, aiding Donald to rescue Daisy and beat Gladstone to her, while he rescues their hexed play toys. They even appear in Mickey's Speedway USA as unlockable lightweight characters. They also appear in DuckTales, aiding their Uncle Scrooge in finding treasure. They also appear on Dance Dance Revolution: Disney Mix, where they appear as DJ's on certain music tracks Kingdom Hearts series In Kingdom Hearts they work in the item shop in the First District of Traverse Town. In Kingdom Hearts II, they individually run an item shop (Huey), a weapon shop (Louie), and an accessory shop (Dewey) in Hollow Bastion/Radiant Garden. In both endings, they are all seen going back to Disney Castle. They reappear in Kingdom Hearts: Birth By Sleep in Disney Town, recreating Ice Cream flavors, this time with a speaking role. They appear once more in the mobile game Kingdom Hearts Unchained as special Support medals that grant the player's other medals a set amount of experience points based on the medal's star value. References â Comic Vine, retrieved 31 October 2014. (Character database was searched by most appearances.) â Thomas Andrae,"The Legacy of Al Taliaferro," in Disney's Four Color Adventures vol. 1 (2011). â duckman.pettho.com/characters/hdl.htmlâ Mailing list entry from writer Lars Jensen, near bottom of entry â www.sullivanet.com/duckburg/phooey.htmâ Much Ado About Phooey - Indexed â blog.moorescloud.com/2012/10/12/meet-the-press/External links Huey, Dewey, and Louie at the INDUCKS Toonopedia page about Huey, Dewey, and Louie Disney shorts encyclopedia page about Huey, Dewey, and Louie The boys' profile on the Disney HooZoo Huey Duck at the Internet Movie Database Dewey Duck at the Internet Movie Database Louie Duck at the Internet Movie Database Disney core universe characters Primary Mickey MouseDonald DuckMinnie MouseDaisy DuckPlutoGoofyPeteOswald the Lucky Rabbit Secondary JosĂ© CariocaChip 'n' DaleClarabelle CowMagica De SpellDarkwing DuckGyro GearlooseFlintheart GlomgoldMax GoofHorace HorsecollarHuey, Dewey, and Louie DuckHumphrey the BearJiminy CricketPete JuniorScrooge McDuckThe Phantom BlotPanchito PistolesJohn D. RockerduckLudwig Von Drake Groups The Beagle BoysMickey Mouse universe characters Mickey Mouse familyDonald Duck universe characters Duck familyClan McDuckEvronianiDuckTales characters DuckTales Characters Scrooge McDuckHuey, Dewey, and LouieThe Beagle BoysFlintheart GlomgoldMagica De SpellGyro GearlooseDonald DuckPeteLudwig Von DrakePhantom Blot Film and specials Films Sport Goofy in SoccermaniaDuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp Made-for-TV animated films DuckTales: Treasure of the Golden SunsDuckTales: Time is MoneySuper DuckTales Video games DuckTales RemasteredThe Quest for GoldDuckTales 2Scrooge's Loot Other Duck universe List of Duck universe charactersClan McDuckDuck familyList of DuckTales episodesCartoon All-Stars to the RescueDarkwing DuckQuack PackList of DuckTales merchandise2017 reboot Quack Pack Characters Donald Duck Huey, Dewey, and Louie Daisy Duck Other Duck universeDuckTales This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/19/2016. 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Post by Freddie on Feb 25, 2021 23:57:10 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đList of Donald Duck universe characters This list of Donald Duck universe characters focuses on Disney cartoon characters who typically appear with Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck, but are not related to them. For relatives of Donald and Scrooge, see Duck family (Disney) or Clan McDuck. For characters exclusive to the DuckTales franchise, see List of DuckTales characters. Main characters Donald Duck Daisy Duck Huey, Dewey, and Louie Scrooge McDuck Ludwig Von Drake Relatives Duck family (Disney) Clan McDuck Duck characters Ducks are the most common type of named characters in the Donald Duck universe. Like Donald, they appear as white American Pekin ducks. Umperio Bogarto Umperio Bogarto Umperio Bogarto is a private detective. He was invented by Carlo Chendi and Giorgio Cavazzano in the early 1980s to be used as a supporting character in two stories with O.K. Quack. But ironically Bogarto became more popular than O.K. himself. He is named after the actor Humphrey Bogart. Bogarto's office is straight from a typical 1920s-era American detective novel. He is running severely late on payment of his rent. Bogarto wears a trench coat, a fedora and gum-soled shoes. As a detective, Bogarto is rather clumsy and incompetent. Despite this, Scrooge McDuck often relies on his services, because he is by far the cheapest detective in Duckburg. Bogarto started his career as a hotel detective, with the job of looking for clients who left without paying. After moving on to bigger cases, Bogarto has started cooperating with Fethry Duck. Bum Bum Ghigno Bum Bum Ghigno is a character created by Corrado Mastantuono. Bum Bum Ghigno is a rotund man who dresses in overalls and a red chequered shirt. He also has protruding front teeth, similar to Goofy, and thick black eyebrows. Bum Bum Ghigno is a general layabout with no permanent profession. He is frequently seen in various short-timed jobs, but his laziness and clumsiness prevent him from holding them for long. In his first appearance he was an antagonist to Donald Duck and Gyro Gearloose, but has since become their friend. Magica De Spell Main article: Magica De Spell Evroniani Main article: Evroniani The Evroniani are a race of extraterrestrial ducks who appear in Italian Disney comics. They are antagonists of Donald's superhero alter ego "Paperinik" (English: Duck Avenger). Individual Evroniani characters are listed in the main article. Flintheart Glomgold Main article: Flintheart Glomgold Gloria Gloria is the girlfriend of Fethry Duck created by Brazilian comic artists in the early 1970s, when Fethry was starting to get very popular in Brazil. She was initially intended to be a hippie girl, as shown in the comic story "Paz, Amor E GlĂłria".[1] But her look and behavior were radically revamped in later stories and her hippie side was quite softened, not to say almost completely softened. She still looks like a hippie though, but she acts more like an eccentric and a bit neurotic urban girl than a hippie one properly said. For example, she appears using a vintage hair dryer, wearing high heels or practicing jogging in some stories.[2][3][4] Along with her boyfriend Fethry, Gloria was used in various Brazilian parodies of famous stories,[5][6] especially during the 1980s. In the early 1980s she gained an alter ego called Purple Butterfly, as shown in "Nasce Uma HeroĂna... Borboleta PĂșrpura".[7] Gloria's alter ego and Fethry's one, Red Bat, were shown working as a superhero duo in some stories,[8][9] despite their mutual rivalry, and she proved to be a competent ally. Besides, Gloria was shown as a close friend of Daisy Duck in some stories, and in 1993 a Brazilian comic subseries called O Clube da Aventura showed Daisy, Minnie Mouse, Clarabelle Cow, Clara Cluck and Gloria as a group of adventurers.[10] Although Gloria may be considered as Fethry's greatest love, she wasn't his first one, since he was in love with another girl called Rita Gansa before knowing Gloria, but then Fethry decided to dump Rita for no apparent reason. Gloria and Rita met each other in the story "Quando A GlĂłria I-Rita".[11] Gloria, in turn, first fell in love with Fethry's alter ego, Red Bat, before becoming Fethry's girlfriend indeed, as shown in "Morcego Vermelho Conquista A GlĂłria".[12] Fethry has eventually appeared showing romantic interest in other girls, while Gloria hasn't had a full appearance in comics for many years. Nevertheless, she can be seen in a painting adorning a wall in Fethry's house in a Danish story called "Surprise, Surprise!" from 2014.[13] Gloria's mother is an Italian descendant called Pascoalina, who is the owner of a pizzeria in Duckburg, as shown in the Brazilian story "Genro Ă Bolonhesa".[14] Mamma (Italian word for mommy) Pascoalina is portrayed as a sturdy woman with strong personality who doesn't approve her dear daughter's boyfriend, Fethry. Gotrocks Gotrocks is a not very well-known rival of Scrooge McDuck. He was used for the first time in the classic story "The Luck of Pali" by Bob Gregory and Tony Strobl,[15] where he and Scrooge both take a part in a museum contest to know who has the most unusual valuable object. Gotrocks is an unpleasant old man with black and thick eyebrows, whose eyes are quite often narrowed, as suggesting that he owns a foxy personality. He has long and white hair on the right and left sides of his head and is always holding a crutch. Gotrocks was also used by the prolific Brazilian comic writer Ivan Saidenberg in four comic stories.[16] Another very different character also called Gotrocks appears in "The Goat With the Long Silky Hair" as a rival of Scrooge too.[17] He is probably related to the original Gotrocks. Grand Mogul Grand Mogul with Huey, Dewey and Louie as the Junior Woodchucks Grand Mogul is an anthropomorphic tall duck with a big chest who appears in stories of the Junior Woodchucks. In various comic stories, Mogul was shown with a big belly instead of a big chest. He is often portrayed as a self-confident, demanding and rigid leader, but not rarely he has clumsy attitudes. The name Grand Mogul is actually rarely mentioned in the Junior Woodchuck's comic stories, since their leader's official name traditionally changes from one story to another (e.g. Great J.A.W.B.O.N.E., Great C.O.O.L.H.E.A.D., Great I.R.O.N.H.E.A.R.T., Great T.O.P. B.R.A.S.S. - these abbreviations are always spelled out in a text box when they are first mentioned, but their expansions are usually quite contrived), but it was stipulated as the generic one when someone wants to refer in English language to the leader of this group of scouting boys created by Carl Barks. His real name never was revealed. Before the story "Whale of a Good Deed",[18] firstly published in Huey, Dewey and Louie/Junior Woodchucks #7, the Junior Woodchucks' leader was generally shown as some Carl Barks's dognose (a human face with dog snout). But even in later stories with the Junior Woodchucks a character with dognose look eventually appears as their leader. The comic story "Rescue of the Grand Mogul"[19] possibly was the first one where the name Grand Mogul was used to refer to the leader of the Junior Woodchucks, but it was written by Vic Lockman, not by Barks, and its title refers to the rescue of a dognose leader. Since 1992 the cartoonist Daan Jippes, a fan and follower of Carl Barks, has used Grand Mogul in many old comic stories written by Barks. He has redrawn those ones.[20] A new Grand Mogul was introduced in Italy in the 1990s, whose nickname is Mogul Bertie. His real name is said to be Bertie McGoose. He is a goose guy with blonde hair, being quite more easy-going than the original Mogul. And his chest isn't as big as Mogul's one. He has a crush on the leader of the Italian version of the Chickadees, Clarissa (original Italian name), a human-like girl. Mogul Bertie became a major character in the Italian comic book series Giovani Marmotte (Italian name for the Junior Woodchucks).[21] But other characters also became popular among Italian comic readers with this comic book series, especially Alvin, a scared chicken kid, and Lardello (original Italian name), a gluttonous pig kid. Alvin is actually a revamped version of an old character from foreign market stories, who has only one story published in America, "The Spirit of Chief Firebird",[22] where he's called Willie. Mata Harrier Main article: Duck family (Disney) § 0.0. Duck and Mata Harrier Mata Harrier is part of a secret agent duo with 0.0. Duck. Brigitta MacBridge Brigitta is in love with Scrooge. Brigitta MacBridge first appeared in 1960 but her relationship with Scrooge is said to have started in 1930. The relationship did not start well. Scrooge, who at the time had already been isolated from his family, when hearing of her feelings about him reacted quite cynically. He bought her an expensive fur coat and in exchange asked her to never bother him again. This did not work. Brigitta truly loves Scrooge, and for decades she has tried every method to get him to return her love. This includes stalking him, which greatly infuriates Scrooge. To impress him she has established her own business and at times acts as his rival. She has proven to be cunning and skilful and seems to have a very strong will. Sometimes she has Jubal Pomp helping her. Dickie Duck (Goldie's Granddaughter) occasionally appears as her employee. Right from the beginning, Scarpa and his successors have left enough hints that Scrooge is interested in her but does not enjoy her obsession with him. Although he pretends to be emotionlessâa typical character traitâhe is not. When she gets in trouble he is there to help her, and he has at times protected her from danger; whenever another man expresses an interest in her, Scrooge seems not to be above jealousy. In the story "The Next Best Thing" by writer Lars Jensen and artist JosĂ© Maria Manrique,[23] Scrooge manipulates his rival Flintheart Glomgold into dating her, so he can feel free at last, but then he discovers Flintheart is heartlessly using her and rescues her. Though Scrooge has had chances to end their strange relationship, when she is truly frustrated with his behavior, he has instead chosen to pass them by and even apologizes to her at times. On another note, Brigitta acts as Scrooge's personal nurse whenever he is sick and has nursed him back to health on many occasions. She is among Scrooge's most trusted allies and she volunteers to help whenever he asks for it. Scrooge's relatives are quite friendly with Brigitta and seem to have accepted her as an unofficial member of the family; she is even present in family meetings. Brigitta has also helped them against the Beagle Boys and Magica De Spell at times. John D. Rockerduck is said to find his rival's relationship amusing and is himself friendly with Brigitta, including John already pretended to be in love with her to make Scrooge jealous. And it really worked for Brigitta, but then Scrooge discovered her pact with John, who was interested in keeping Scrooge busy in a possible marriage with Brigitta. These events were shown in the classic story "Zio Paperone e l'amore a seconda vista" ("Uncle Scrooge and Love at Second Sight").[24] In a 2007 issue of the comic, a parallel-universe Scrooge is bankrupt and married to Brigitta, whose shopaholic ways are contributing to his money problems. When the parallel-universe Scrooge fools the Earth A Scrooge into trading places, the Earth A Scrooge works to set things right by retiring his debts and seeking money-making opportunities. He also put Brigitta on a strict budget and says she should do her own cooking, as she was once a restaurateur. After Scrooge solves the money problems of his parallel-universe counterpart, he returns to his own world but realizes he may be missing out on marriage, so he starts a relationship with the Brigitta from his world. Despite the fact that Brigitta MacBridge and Glittering Goldie love the same man, Scrooge McDuck, these two quite different ladies have never been in conflict because of his affection in the rare comic stories where they both appear. But in the story "Arriva Paperetta YĂš-YĂš" (free translation: "The Arrival of Dickie Duck")[25] by Romano Scarpa Brigitta feels really sad when she sees Scrooge and Glittering together for a brief moment, but then Glittering comforts her and says that she assumes Brigitta loves Scrooge's stingness more than himself and Brigitta thanks for Glittering's "kind" words and calls her "my friend". There are only other three Italian stories - "Zio Paperone Pigmalione" ("Uncle Scrooge Benefactor"),[26] "Zio Paperone e Le Grandi Conquiste" ("Uncle Scrooge and The Big Achievement")[27] and "Paperina di Rivondosa" ("Daisy of Rivondosa") by Silvia Ziche[28] - where they both appear, but they aren't showed talking to each other in none of them, including they don't even meet face to face in any panel of the stories "Zio Paperone Pigmalione" and "Zio Paperone e Le Grandi Conquiste". In German and Dutch, she is named Gitta (sometimes Brigitta) Gans (Gans = Goose). In newer Dutch comics her name is changed to Brigitta MacBridge. Katie Mallard Katie "Hashknife Kate" Mallard is an old friend of Scrooge who appears in the comic story "Mystery of the Ghost Town Railroad" by Carl Barks.[29] Katie is portrayed as a kind and brave woman. She uses some humor in the story too. For example, when everybody around her is tense because of mysterious thefts, she offers pancakes with a smile on her face saying that at least her pancakes cannot be stolen. According to the story, Scrooge and Katie meet each other in the city of Goldopolis after sixty two years. Katie's granddaughter, the cowgirl Ducky Bird, appears in the beginning of this one, meeting Donald, his nephews and Scrooge by chance. Scrooge is desperate when he meets Ducky, since he thinks it will be impossible to find a certificate for one thousand shares in the Goldopolis and Boom City Railroad that he had intentionally hidden in the now desolate city of Goldopolis to avoid that they were stolen by The McViper Clan. He had previously discovered that those shares suddenly became highly valuable. Then he at last discovers that Ducky is the granddaughter of his old friend "Hashnife Kate", who tells him about how dangerous is to stay in the city lately. On their next appearance in the story, Katie and Ducky think Scrooge and his nephews are in trouble with robbers, after they heard some shooting coming from the old hotel where Scrooge decided to spend his night. But soon Katie and Ducky discover that Donald and the triplets are dealing with ghosts inside the hotel. Katie Mallard also has a cameo appearance in the second-to-last episode of "The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck" by Don Rosa, where she is younger. Myron O'Duck Myron O'Duck was the childhood sweetheart of Grandma Duck. In the Jack Bradbury story "Too Much Mush", Myron and Grandma meet each other again 58 years after their last meeting and plan to marry. But what Grandma doesn't know is how opportunist the now old Myron became during all this time.[30] Goldie O'Gilt Goldie O'Gilt, a.k.a. Glittering Goldie, is Scrooge's secret sweetheart. Originally created by Carl Barks as a character in the comic Back to the Klondike, Goldie's origins are as a music hall singer in Dawson City. In a flashback sequence, Scrooge catches Goldie in an attempt to rob him of his recent gold poke, and she is forced to repay the debt by helping him work at his claim at White Agony Creek. Some 50 years later, they meet again and it is revealed that Goldie is now poor and living alone at Scrooge's former claim in Yukon. Barks only used the character once, but Goldie and her relationship with Scrooge was later picked up and expanded by other creators. One of these was Don Rosa who used her in several stories, including The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck and Last Sled to Dawson, where it is implied that Scrooge and Goldie fell in love with each other, but never revealed their feelings of affection to the other one, and eventually drifted apart as Scrooge traveled across the world and became a trillionaire, while Goldie remained in Dawson. Carl Barks drew inspiration for Glittering Goldie's character from Kathleen Rockwell ("Klondike Kate" Rockwell). Goldie is the owner of a wild bear called Blackjack trained by her to attack "prowlers", word used by Goldie herself in "Back to the Klondike". Goldie is eventually used in Italian or Danish comic stories, but some of those ones show situations that may conflict with others previously showed in "Back to the Klondike". Some examples are her comic appearances in "Arriva Paperetta YĂš-YĂš" by Romano Scarpa, where she appears as a resident in an asylum for old people and as a grandmother of Dickie Duck, a girl who has recently completed her secondary education, and in a Danish story called "The Old Lady",[31] where Donald ignores who is Scrooge's former love of Klondike when his uncle asks him to pick Goldie up at the train station, since she is coming for a visit. But Donald and his nephews knew Goldie personally in "Back to the Klondike". Curiously, Goldie appears taller than Scrooge in another Danish story, "After The Ball".[32] Princess Oona Princess Oona is a character created by Stefan Printz-PĂ„hlson and his wife Unn Printz-PĂ„hlson in 1994. During a trip to the Stone Age in Gyro Gearlooseâs time machine Gyro and Donald Duck first meet the incredibly strong cave-duck Oona. On the journey back to the future she stows away in the time machine, and has remained in Duckburg ever since. All of the early Princess Oona storiesâand a significant percentage of modern onesâwere illustrated by the Chilean artist Victor Arriagades Rios, better known by his artist name Vicar. After having written the first couple of stories about Princess Oona, Stefan Printz-PĂ„hlson asked the rest of the Egmont crew to do stories with the super cave girl. So far about 25 have been created, teaming Princess Oona with such well-known Disney characters as Scrooge McDuck, Daisy Duck, Gladstone Gander, the Beagle Boys and Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Oona claims to be attracted to Donald and she's always trying to get his attention, but in the story "Love and War" by Lars Jensen and Vicar she falls for Gladstone.[33] The adventures of Princess Oona have appeared in Disney publications in many countries including Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia, Finland, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Hungary, Brazil, Iceland and Russia. Pandy Pap Pandy Pap is an Italian Disney character who appeared in three comic stories drawn by the cartoonist Giorgio Cavazzano during the 1990s. She's a kind of radical ecologist who became friend of Huey, Dewey and Louie and The Junior Woodchucks. Pandy has a straight blonde hair and wears a hot pink short overall.[34] O.K. Quack O.K. Quack is an alien duck who appears in some Italian comics created by Carlo Chendi and drawn by Giorgio Cavazzano. His first appearance was in "Topolino" #1353 (1981) in the story "Paperino e il turista spaziale" ("Donald and the space tourist"). He is an alien who came from space, and more precisely from the planet Duck, with his spaceship shaped as a coin and that can be shrunk to the size of a dime and reads O.K. Quack's fingerprints as a means of activating its size mechanism. He also appeared in some other stories such as "Zio Paperone e il satellite bomba" ("Uncle Scrooge and the exploding satellite") from "Topolino" #1354, "E quando Paperino prende una decisione..." ("And when Donald takes a decision...") from "Topolino" #1373; "Zio Paperone e la moneta disco volante" ("Uncle Scrooge and the flying saucer coin"); "Zio Paperone e la piramide capovolta" ("Uncle Scrooge and the upside-down pyramid"). In all of these stories O.K. Quack is looking for his spaceship that has been lost and is circulating as a dime somewhere in Duckburg. O.K. Quack soon reveals his strange abilities such as being able to communicate mentally with seemingly inanimate objects (usually convincing locks to "unlock themselves", but he particularly likes talking to flowers) and telekinesis (moving things with the power of his mind, even buildings as big as Scrooge's money bin). He doesn't understand the concept or use of money (in this way he seems to have been inspired by Bill Walsh and Floyd Gottfredson's Eega Beewa). Franco Fossati once defined him as "...a perfect character who with his innocence criticizes the absurdity of our society. Going on with time he will adequate to our times and to our every-day way of living and we'll forget that he came from space." Uncle Scrooge, Donald Duck and the Nephews know that O.K. Quack is a space alien and are actively trying to help him find his ship. They first met him in the money bin where he entered talking to Scrooge's locks and was looking at Scrooge's coins thinking that they were all spaceships. Thus he does not require any cover story and can freely act in his strange ways (at least in front of them). He sometimes lives in the Money Bin, and sometimes in a rented room in a small hotel in Duckburg where he met Umperio Bogarto (no official American name as of June 2010, it is an Italianized form of "Humphrey Bogart"), a sorry private detective whose services O.K. has contracted to also help locate his spaceship. As for his initials "O.K." there has been no real explanation and it is assumed that they basically mean the same as the American expression, "It's all right!" Other friendly aliens like O.K. Quack have appeared in Italian stories and have also become friends of members of the Duck Family, such as Little Gum,[35] who is able to make different shapes with chewing gums, and Etci,[36] who came from a planet where everybody likes to invent facts and developed allergy to lies. His name is the Italian onomatopoeia for a sneeze. Quackfaster as appearing in Italian comics (with the name of Miss Emily Paperett) Emily Quackfaster Emily Quackfaster is the secretary of Scrooge McDuck. She was originally hired by Scrooge's Sisters Hortense McDuck and Matilda McDuck. At first Scrooge did not like the idea of having someone on his payroll but he got used to her very quickly. In fact, some stories have revealed that Scrooge has come to depend on Miss Quackfaster. Even though Scrooge is a shrewd businessman and can easily smell profit, running basic organizational jobs in his own office is beyond his capability. Miss Quackfaster first appeared in Uncle Scrooge #36 in the story The Midas Touch (the same story that introduced Magica De Spell), and her last name Quackfaster was first used in Uncle Scrooge #39 in A Spicy Tale. Both stories were created by Carl Barks. Her name Emily was first used in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Part 11. She was also known as Miss Typefast in some stories and on the show DuckTales she was called Mrs. Featherby. Reginella Reginella is an Italian anthropomorphic female duck created by the comic writer Rodolfo Cimino and the cartoonist Giorgio Cavazzano. She is the queen who governs an undersea kingdom inhabited by duck-like aliens forced to live in our planet after losing their spaceship in a disaster. She became one of Donald Duck's greatest loves. In her first comic appearance, she knows Donald after he is captured by one of her subjects while he was practicing the underwater fishing to fulfill her own order, since she is irresistibly attracted by his look and intends to make him her king. However, she is advised by her counselor to let him go, after Donald commits an act of cowardice.[37] Donald's romance with Reginella ended up becoming a trilogy, whose first two "chapters" were respectively published in 1972 and 1974. The last one was published only in 1987. After the end of this trilogy, Reginella appeared in two comic stories published during the 1990s. She also had a cameo appearance in a commemorative story to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Italian comic book series Topolino.[38] Her last comic appearance was in the last episodes of a long comic story by Silvia Ziche. Roberta Roberta is an anthropomorphic female duck who appeared for the first time in a comic story written by Rodolfo Cimino and drawn by Giorgio Cavazzano.[39] She is a witch friend of Magica De Spell and has been used in various Italian stories, becoming a relatively popular character.[40] In her first comic appearance, Roberta is described as a technological witch, but she doesn't hesitate to use ancient wizardry knowledges to help Magica to steal Scrooge's Number One Dime. Despite being a duck, Roberta owns a very different beak comparing to the usual ones in this particular universe. Her beak is longer and pointier. Roberta originally has a big blonde frizzy hair and blue eyes. After having three comic book appearances during the 1970s, Roberta just started being used again during the 1990s in comic stories mostly written by her co-creator Rodolfo Cimino. Her last comic book appearance thus far was in a story from 2008, where she appears with her original look.[41] Howard Rockerduck Howard Rockerduck, invented by Don Rosa, is an American businessman and the father of Scrooge's rival John D. Rockerduck. Howard Rockerduck, implied to be much older than Scrooge, was already a millionaire by the time Scrooge was earning his fortune. Unlike his son, who is not above resorting to cheating and even criminal behavior to compete with Scrooge, Howard Rockerduck is an honest and honorable businessman. Howard Rockerduck has made only two major appearances in the comics. His first appearance was when Scrooge was earning his fortune in the American Old West. Howard, who was traveling with his wife and infant son John on a stagecoach to Butte, Montana, spotted Scrooge digging for gold beside the road. Impressed with Scrooge's efforts, Howard stayed to help Scrooge out while his wife and son continued to Butte without him. Howard Rockerduck later appeared in Scrooge's old hometown Glasgow in Scotland, when Magica De Spell used time travel to steal Scrooge's Number One Dime while he was still a small boy. In this timeline, Howard was only a background character and did not even meet Scrooge. He was traveling on a holiday in Europe, flaunting his riches and trying to flirt with the local ladies, who were not very receptive to this behavior. After an encounter with Magica, who Howard first thought was a normal Scottish lady, but who later even caused Howard's stagecoach to crash in her mad pursuit of Scrooge's famous dime, Howard decided he had had enough of the temper of the Scottish ladies and bought a ticket on a ship back to the United States. John D. Rockerduck Main article: John D. Rockerduck Andold "Wild Duck" Temerary Andold "Wild Duck" Temerary (Italian: Mac Paperin) was created by Gaudenzio Capelli and Marco Rota and appears in stories set in the Middle Ages. He is a lookalike and probably ancestor to Donald Duck. Andold was a commander who protected the shores of Caledonia (Scotland) from vikings. He has a girlfriend named Aydis who looks like Daisy Duck, and he also has five soldiers, two of them are named Little Bo and Big Brutus. Andold wears a helmet, topped with a miniature decoration representing his own face. As a comical touch, the decoration's facial expression always matches Andold's own, changing between panels if necessary. In the first Andold story (Paperino e il piccolo Krack from 1975), Donald dreams about Andold, in the second (Le avventure di Mac Paperin: L'arrosto della salvezza from 1980, published in the United States as Donald Duck and his fierce ancestor... Andold Wild Duck), Huey, Dewey and Louie are reading a book about his adventures. In later Andold stories, the modern-day Ducks do not appear. All Andold Wild Duck stories are illustrated by Marco Rota, most of them are also written by him. The names Andold and Aydis are anagrams of Donald and Daisy. Velma Vanderduck Velma Vanderduck is a rich Dutch woman who competes with Scrooge. She is a redhead with green eyes. Velma has a personal secretary, Jackson Jackdaw, an anthropomorphic jackdaw. Thus far, Velma has already appeared in six stories written by Lars Jensen. The last one was published in 2016.[42] Other bird characters JosĂ© Carioca Main article: JosĂ© Carioca JosĂ© Carioca is a green, Brazilian parrot who first appears in the Disney film Saludos Amigos (1942) alongside Donald Duck. Clara Cluck See also: Clara Cluck Clara Cluck is a character who was created by The Walt Disney Company. She debuted in the 1934 Mickey Mouse cartoon Orphan's Benefit. She is an operatic chicken who is a good friend of Mickey Mouse. It is possible that Clara Cluck played the title role in The Wise Little Hen (June 9, 1934), as both characters were voiced by the same person, Florence Gill, and there is more than just a passing physical resemblance. However, by the time she made her big debut in the original version of Orphan's Benefit, she had changed into an oversized operatic diva; a role that she would continue in until the end. Clara's singing is meant to be a caricature of the Bel Canto style of Opera singing popular at the time of her appearance. Some of her arias are clearly modeled on those of Tosca. Her last major appearance was as one of the musicians in Symphony Hour. Curiously, although she is seen in the rehearsal scenes at the beginning, she is not seen in the performance scenes at the end. Despite Clara's absence from most other Disney media, Clara has remained a major supporting character in the Disney Comic universe. She is usually seen with the rest of the classic Disney cast. In most adaptations, she is seen speaking properly rather than her usual clucks from her appearance in Disney cartoons. She is usually portrayed as one of Daisy's best friends, not to say her best friend, in American, Italian, Danish, Dutch and Brazilian comic stories. Clara Cluck appears in the Disney parks as a meetable character. She is also seen in shows and parades. Emil Eagle Emil Eagle first appeared in "Donald Duck" #102 as a rival inventor for Gyro Gearloose. Later on, he was adopted into the Mickey Mouse universe as an enemy for Mickey Mouse and his friends, in particular Super Goof. Emil has caused a lot of trouble for Mickey Mouse, Super Goof, Donald Duck, Scrooge McDuck, Gyro Gearloose, and other characters on various occasions. Sometimes he has teamed up with Black Pete, the Beagle Boys, Mad Madam Mim, or other bad guys in the Mickey Mouse universe or the Duck universe. There are two stories where John D. Rockerduck hires Emil to take advantage of his inventive genius. "Zio Paperone e la sfida robotica (Uncle Scrooge and the Robotic Challenge) and "Dog Eat Dog".[43][44] Emil is particularly popular among Brazilian comic readers. In addition, he appeared as a small figurine in two different Italian collections with Disney characters made by De Agostini. Emil Eagle was a Boss in the videogame The Duckforce Rises in 2015. Gyro Gearloose Main article: Gyro Gearloose Gyro Gearloose is a tall, anthropomorphic chicken who is a scientist and inventor. Garvey Gull Garvey Gull is a young, anthropomorphic seagull who is a mischievous, homeless orphan friend of Huey, Dewey and Louie. Donald doesn't think much of him. The character was designed by artist Daniel Branca. A big part of the stories where he has an important role were drawn by the Argentinian cartoonist Wanda Gattino, Branca's compatriot.[45] Garvey's arch-enemy is a rat-faced railway security guard called Mr. Phelps, who views Garvey as an outlaw and wants to drive him off the railway where he works. In Europe, Garvey's (British) English name is Sonny Seagull. Garvey is his name in American comics. Panchito Pistoles Main article: Panchito Pistoles Panchito Pistoles is a red, Mexican rooster who was created as the third titular caballero (along with Donald Duck and JosĂ© Carioca) for the 1944 film The Three Caballeros. Jubal Pomp Jubal Pomp (Filo Sganga) is a fat, chicken-faced tycoon created by Romano Scarpa. His main ambition is to become as rich as Scrooge McDuck. His attempts at gaining wealth tend to be disastrous. When he tries to compete with Scrooge, he markets eccentric products (firefly-powered mood lights, for instance) that meet with varied success at best. When he tries to convince Scrooge to become partners in some project, the result is Jubal being kicked out of Scrooge's office. Jubal sometimes helps Brigitta MacBridge try to get back at Scrooge by setting up businesses to rival his. On these occasions Jubal is more successful. He first appeared in "Zio Paperone e il ratto di Brigitta" (free translation: "Brigitta Kidnapped"), Topolino #272 (February. 12, 1961).[46] He appears as an upstart businessman who happens to overhear Scrooge mentioning his "Secret of Prosperity". Convinced that the contents of the Secret would open his path to true wealth, he sought to blackmail Scrooge. He abducted Brigitta McBridge, Scrooge's stalker/love interest and asked the contents of the Secret as ransom. Scrooge was at first reluctant if he should rescue her or take the opportunity to be free of her obsessive pursuit. However he finally decided on retrieving his lady and managed to locate Jubal's hiding place and launch a successful rescue operation. He also took the opportunity to explain that his "Secret of Prosperity" were the virtues which led him to wealth, not some kind of shortcut. Jubal is bright and creative but his money making schemes are at times both clumsy and impractical. On his own Jubal is more of a nuisance than an actual threat. However Brigitta has decided that one way to impress Scrooge is prove her own worth as a businesswoman. Pulling her resources with Jubal, the duo have been able to launch a number of locally successful business operations in Duckburg. Providing true competition to Scrooge and often breaking his hold on a certain market. It helps that Brigitta appears to be equally resourceful to Scrooge in launching out new operations and surpaces him in the marketing and advertisement process. With her as a partner, Jubal enjoys much more success. There are a few stories that hint to him seeing Brigitta as more than a business partner and friend but they are not really romantically involved.[47] Zantaf Zantaf is an Italian character created by the comic writer Carlo Chendi and the cartoonist Luciano Bottaro. He appeared for the first time in a comic story where Donald Duck is working for Scrooge McDuck's secret agency (called P.I.A. in Italian language).[48] He is a mad scientist who wants to conquer the world by using stolen fortunes from rich men like Scrooge McDuck, and for this purpose he uses his scientific genius to build robots programmed to help him. Like Dr. No (from a James Bond film), Zantaf owns his own secret island. Since 2004 Zantaf has also appeared in some Danish stories.[49] Dogface characters Further information: Dogfaces (comics) "Dogfaces" are humanoid characters whose faces resemble dogs. They are generally used in Disney comics as stand-ins for humans and appear to be the most common race in Duckburg, although they most often appear as unnamed extras. Many historical figures who appear in Donald Duck comic stories as characters (see below) are also portrayed as dogfaces. Battista Battista (Quackmore, Albert, or Baptist in English[50]& German) is Scrooge's butler in Italian & German Disney comics. Battista is tall and has a long nose with a dog snout at its extremity, but he has human-like ears. His hair is generally shown as being brown and curly. He is loyal and dedicated to his boss, Scrooge, and not rarely he is in trouble because of all this loyalty and dedication, creating invariably funny situations. Battista's first official comic appearance was in a comic story of 1967 called "Zio Paperone e l'angolare di sicurezza" written by Rodolfo Cimino and illustrated by Massimo De Vita.[51] The character has only made a handful of appearances in American comic books.[52] Battista has become one of the most frequently recurring characters in Scrooge's Italian stories and he's quite popular among Italian comic readers. Beagle Boys Main article: Beagle Boys The Beagle Boys are gang of criminals who are always trying to steal Scrooge's money. Azure Blue Azure Blue first appeared as an evil miser in The Golden Helmet in Four Color #408. In that story, he was revealed to be a descendant of Olaf the Blue (Viking discoverer of America according to that story) and he wanted to find a Golden Helmet so he can be king of North America and make everyone on the continent his slaves, but Donald Duck and his nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie wouldn't let that happen. Azure was assisted by Lawyer Sharky. Later on he was used by Don Rosa as he made a cameo appearance in Return to Plain Awful when he sees off the disguised Scrooge McDuck and Donald Duck and his three nephews at the Duckburg Airport in Donald Duck Adventures (Gladstone Series) #12 (This story was reprinted in Uncle Scrooge number 362, February 2007), Nobody's Business (Printed in Uncle Scrooge #220, 300 and The Don Rosa Library of Don Rosa in Color and in The Lost Charts of Columbus in Donald Duck Adventures #44). In that story, Donald and the nephews had to find a more valuable treasure than the Golden Helmet. Azure's kinship to Olaf is questionable, since his lawyer, instead of showing evidence of it, asked for evidence in contrary from whoever doubted Azure to be descendant of Olaf. When Donald and the nephews found what Blue and Sharky believed to be evidence that a Phoenician prince named Hanno and his kin are the real owners of North America, Azure renamed himself Azure Hanno Blue. It can make people think Blue to be a surname Azure gave himself in order to claim to descend from Olaf in the very first place. Azure only had two active roles, in The Golden Helmet and The Lost Charts of Columbus and made a few cameo appearances in Nobody's Business and Return to Plain Awful. Stella Curfew Stella Curfew (Finnish: Jaana Kapula) is a female police officer, appearing in the Donald Duck stories where Donald was still a small boy, living with his grandmother. The character was invented by Kari Korhonen and was the first Donald Duck character invented in Finland. Doe Boys The Doe Boys are a pair of crooks created by Dick Kinney and Al Hubbard. They appeared for the first time in a story featuring 0.0. Duck & Mata Harrier, "Picnic".[53] Most of the American stories where they took park were drawn by Tony Strobl, who revamped the original look of this duo, developed by Hubbard. They had a more human-like look and Strobl made them look like Carl Barks's dognoses (human faces with dog snouts). Besides, one of them became quite shorter than the original character. Strobl used the Doe Boys in various comic stories for the market outside of the USA during the 1970s whose events invariably also involved Donald Duck, his cousin Fethry and Uncle Scrooge McDuck. Donald and Fethry are generally working as reporters for Scrooge McDuck's newspaper, the Duckburg Chronicle, in those stories. Daisy Duck eventually also meets the Doe Boys, sometimes working also as a reporter for Scrooge's newspaper, sometimes working as a policewoman.[54] Brazilian comic artists also produced various stories where the Doe Boys appear.[55] The Doe Boys were used in two comic stories written by Lars Jensen and drawn by the Spanish cartoonist JosĂ© Maria Manrique during the 2000s. More two stories with them written by Jensen were published in 2014.[56] Neighbor Jones Neighbor J. Jones is Donald Duck's next door neighbor. He is portrayed as being as short-tempered as Donald, and more truculent. The yard between their respective homes often becomes a battlefield. The usual setting would be some argument or fight which would result in a huge mess for both Jones and Donald. Donald once even thought taking a vacation on a cruise ship would get him thousands of miles away from Jones and other problems, only to realize Jones bought a ticket on the same cruise by coincidence! The captain of the ship, however, is quick to extinguish bickering by threatening to throw both in the brig, and later on Donald and Neighbor Jones actually have to work together when they are stranded at sea. The character first appeared in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #34 (in 1943). There and in later issues, he tended to appear in stories featuring Donald Duck. Neighbor Jones was the first of many recurring characters that Carl Barks created.[57] Jones has since appeared in hundreds of additional stories, with writers Paul Halas (UK) and Jan Kruse (Netherlands) among the most frequent to use the character. The character has made more appearances in American comics. Although Neighbor Jones is largely an adversary, he will be pleasant with Donald on occasion, such as Donald offering Jones money to clear his yard during a snowstorm after seeing how efficiently Jones had shoveled his own driveway. Jones does the job, and courteously announces he is finished after Donald presents payment. In various Italian stories Jones is replaced by a similar character named Anacleto Mitraglia, who is taller and narrower than Jones, but with a similar personality and practically the same rivalry with Donald. Jones is actually rarely used in Italian stories. Mitraglia evolved from one of several names given to the real Jones in early Barks stories. In one story, Jones was given the first name of "Jughead". This could not continue, because it would create a copyright conflict with Archie Comics. Jeeves Jeeves is John D. Rockerduck's secretary. Rockerduck depends greatly on him, much in the same way as Scrooge McDuck depends on his butler Battista. Unlike Scrooge, Rockerduck has rarely been shown to have any family, so when Rockerduck goes on an adventure, Jeeves fills the role of a supporting adventurer, which would be served by Donald Duck in Scrooge's case. Jeeves is usually drawn to appear slightly younger than Battista, with short black hair. Like Battista, Jeeves takes great pride in being a dedicated helper of his boss, but he will sometimes resort to criminal activity if pressed to by his master. Rockerduck and Jeeves have worn different disguises to trick Scrooge in some Italian stories. Jeeves has been shown confiding with Battista, without the consent or knowledge of either of their respective bosses. Arpin LusĂšne Arpin LusĂšne, nicknamed Le Chevalier Noir (The Black Knight), is a French gentleman, and a notorious thief with, naturally, a cheesy French accent which other characters have hard time understanding at times, often leading to wordplay. Apparently, LusĂšne even writes in his accent, spelling English words phonetically as he would pronounce them. His home has been said to be a castle in Portofino on the Italian Riviera, although he has also been described as coming from the French Riviera. He is a sticky fingered thief. On some occasions he is even seen stealing people's clothes while the victims are wearing them. His life's goal is to steal Scrooge McDuck's money, or make it disappear to make people think he stole it. His motive for this is to be remembered as the greatest thief ever to exist, rather than to make a profit out of it, as he has plenty of money already. LusĂšne strictly refuses to appear in any photographs, claiming he has never been photographed. He likes to use his extreme dexterity to avoid being photographed. He once removed the filament from the lightbulb of a camera's flash, without breaking the bulb glass. Usually on his appearances, LusĂšne wears an armor of a knight, almost completely covered in Gyro Gearloose's invention, a universal solvent which has the ability of absorbing all kinds of matter, excluding diamonds. Only LusĂšne's hands, feet, and the handle of his sword are not coated with the universal solvent, and even this only so that he won't accidentally dissolve the floor he walks on or his own sword. LusĂšne has appeared in several stories, the first one being The Black Knight in 1997. This story was mainly the introduction to the character as well as a sequel to the story Universal Solvent. As the main plot, Arpin comes to Duckburg in order to rob the Money Bin. His first attempt fails, however he steals the universal solvent and uses it to make his special armor to make another, successful attack on the Bin. Scrooge, with the help of Donald, Huey, Dewey and Louie, manage to stop him. LusĂšne's next appearance was in the story Attaaaaaack in which Scrooge stops his new plot to raid the Money Bin thanks to an invention of Gyro's. His third appearance was in Rosa's The Black Knight GLORPS Again which is a direct sequel to event's in The Black Knight and Arpin restores his suit in it. So far the only use of him by creators other than Don Rosa (such as Marco Rota) has been on covers. Arpin is the only present day character that Don Rosa has created for the Duck Universe that has made more than one appearance. His name comes from a spoonerism of ArsĂšne Lupin, a fictional character from novels by Maurice Leblanc. The switcheroo spelling is ironic, partly because Leblanc himself once changed[58] the spelling of the name of a character (who was "visiting", in a way, from the works of another author) from "Sherlock Holmes" to "Herlock Sholmes",[58] in response to legal objections from the author (Arthur Conan Doyle) who was the original creator of Sherlock Holmes. In the Swedish translation, his name is "Armand Lutin", a play on "ArsĂšne Lupin". Maurice Mattressface Maurice Mattressface first appeared in Uncle Scrooge #10 in a story called The Fabulous Philosopher's Stone. In that story he confiscated the stone from Scrooge McDuck because he was afraid that he might use it to wreck the Gold Market. In The Crown of the Crusader Kings by Don Rosa, he was shown as working for Mr. Molay as an employee of The International Money Council. In The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter From Home, he betrays his boss after finding out that he wants to use the treasure of Castle McDuck for evil purposes. Chisel McSue Chisel McSue is an enemy of Scrooge McDuck. Scrooge almost lost his fortune because he could not produce a single heirloom. He also accused Scrooge of not being a true Scot. Scrooge and his nephews managed to defeat him after staging a mock Battle of Culloden. In the DuckTales episode Down and Out in Duckburg, a character named Fritter O'Way with the same background took over Scrooge's fortune until Scrooge recovered the cargo sunk with Seafoam's ship, the Golden Goose. His ancestor, Swindle McSue, is the guy who sabotaged Seafoam McDuck's boat in 1776. Because of that incident Scrooge almost lost his fortune. Scottie McTerrier Scottie McTerrier was appointed caretaker of the McDuck Castle by Scrooge McDuck in 1902. He died in 1948. Sometime after Scotty died Matilda McDuck took over the castle. His name was first mentioned in The Old Castle's Secret by Carl Barks, but his true first appearance was in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Part 9 by Don Rosa. McViper Clan The McViper Clan first appeared in Uncle Scrooge #56 in The Mystery of the Ghosttown Railroad. In that story they try to scare Scrooge McDuck and his nephews with ravens dressed as ghosts, in order to steal the deeds to the local railroad. When a defense contractor wishes to acquire the railroad track for rocket testing, this causes a significant increase in the railroad's shares, meaning a tremendous windfall for Scrooge and a few other residents of the Western town of Goldopolis, who were the only investors. The McViper gang attempted to steal the deeds in order to prevent sale of the railroad track, and that modern changes in Goldopolis would mean the end of the memories of them as outlaws. Actually only one of them appeared in that story and his name was Copperhead McViper, and stated he was the last McViper due to the rest of the gang having died of old age. Another McViper by the name of Snake McViper appeared in The Cattle King in Uncle Scrooge #69 where he tried to antagonize Scrooge and his nephews. Surprisingly Snake is a pignose and not a dogface like Copperhead. Don Rosa used The McViper Clan in The Life and Times of Scrooge Part 3 where two of them who go by the names Snake Eyes and Haggis infiltrate Murdo Mackenzie and his posse while they plan to rustle Murdo's prize bull Vindicator but Scrooge outwits them. This is supposedly the first encounter that Scrooge has had with The McViper Clan. Either Snake Eyes or Haggis is the father of Copperhead but it is unknown which one. In Part 11 Copperhead and two of his brothers try to steal some papers from Scrooge but they don't succeed. The name McViper is a pun on the word viper which is a type of snake. All of The McVipers Names have references to snakes except for Haggis which is a Scottish dish. Snake is obviously not related to the rest of The McViper Clan. He just has the same last name as the rest of them since he happens to be a pig and the rest of them are dogs. It may be possible the brothers accepted him into their gang and allowed him to use "McViper" in order to show his gang membership. It is unknown whether or not The McViper Clan appeared in any stories other than the aforementioned stories written by Carl Barks and Don Rosa. Mr. Molay Mr. Molay first appeared in the story The Crown of the Crusader Kings in Uncle Scrooge #339. In that story he is known to be the head of The International Money Council. He and his associate Maurice Mattressface confiscate a crown from Scrooge McDuck and his nephews. He also appears in the story titled The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter From Home, in which he and Maurice plan to steal the treasure from Scrooge's old ancestral castle and using Scrooge's sister Matilda to get it. Later in that story Maurice betrayed Mr. Molay. Mr. Molay has only appeared in these two stories. He is named after Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar. Nodalotaluk Nodalotaluk is a Queen of the Amazons, appearing in Donald Duck Adventures, April 1990. She was created by John Lustig and William Van Horn. Her mystical necklace was stolen by plundering Conquistadores, resulting in the loss of her powers. However, her descendants still rule over a clandestine tribe of Amazons hidden in the Brazilian city of "Mucho Losto", a parody of Manaus. Donald Duck, by pluck and luck, managed to return the necklace to its rightful owner, the direct descendant (in the matrilineal line, of course) of Nodalotaluk. Whiskerville Clan The Whiskerville Clan first appeared in Uncle Scrooge #29 in "Hound of the Whiskervilles" by Carl Barks, where Scrooge McDuck and his nephews find out that the Whiskervilles have been using their hound costume to frighten The Clan McDuck for centuries. The hound ruse caused the McDuck family to vacate the castle in 1675, giving the Whiskervilles opportunity to search for hidden treasure. At the end of that story Scrooge and the last member of the Whiskerville family eventually become friends. The Whiskervilles returned in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Parts 1, 5, and 9, where they continued to antagonize The McDucks. In Part 1, they run Scrooge and his father off by using the hound costume, but Scrooge gets back at them by impersonating the Ghost of Sir Quackly McDuck. In Part 5, they try to steal a bank draft from Scrooge so they can legally buy Castle McDuck to tear it down, but Scrooge stops them with supernatural help from the ghosts of his ancestors. In Part 9, only one Whiskerville appears, but he does not cause too much trouble in that story. He appears as a sheep owner while Scrooge competes in a Scottish games sheep shearing contest. After that the Whiskervilles do not make any more appearances in the Scrooge McDuck story line. Human characters These characters are not anthropomorphic animals but actual (or former) humans. Bombie the Zombie Bombie the Zombie first appeared in the story in Four Color #238. In that story, Bombie gives a voodoo doll to Donald Duck, thinking that Donald is Scrooge McDuck. Bombie was sent by a witch doctor named Foola Zoola to get revenge on Scrooge for destroying his village many years ago. Huey, Dewey and Louie befriended the zombie and helped him get back to Africa while Donald tried to find a cure for the Voodoo Curse, eventually succeeding. Though he had been sent after Scrooge, Bombie never came in direct contact with Scrooge during this story. In Don Rosa's The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, Part 11, it was revealed that Bombie had been stalking Scrooge for decades prior to "Voodoo Hoodoo". In order to force Foola Zoola to sell him some valuable rubber plantation land, Scrooge hired a gang of thugs and destroyed Zoola's village. Scrooge then disguised himself and tricked Zoola long enough to close the deal by making Zoola think the land would be safe with him. Zoola realized the trick, and set Bombie on Scrooge. After the first time Bombie found him, Scrooge turned back to his normal look, keeping Bombie from recognizing him and explaining why Bombie would later mistake Donald for Scrooge (in "Voodoo Hoodoo"). Although this saved Scrooge from the curse, Bombie continued to pursue Scrooge thanks to Zoola's magic. Bombie followed Scrooge to the North Pole, an iceberg near the RMS Titanic, and finally to the isle of Ripan Taro. Cornered by the zombie, Scrooge agreed to give a local sorcerer the valuable candy-stripped ruby (see The Status Seeker for more details about the ruby) in exchange for a spell to trap Bombie on Ripan Taro for 30 years. Scrooge took the deal, assuming that the curse would wear off by the time Bombie could leave the island. Except for a few cameos, Bombie did not make any further appearances in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, but later returned in a dream where Scrooge had a flashback of the Titanic scene. Madam Mim Main article: Madam Mim Hard Haid Moe Hard Haid Moe is a hillbilly and unlike most other characters in the Donald Duck universe indubitably a human being.[59] Moe was created by Dick Kinney and Al Hubbard. His first appearance was in the story It's music (1964).[60] In the 1960s and 1970s, he was used in various comic stories, usually as a supporting character for Fethry Duck, Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck. Fethry is actually one of very few townspeople ever befriended by Moe, but their relation isn't exactly friendly. Most of those stories were drawn by Tony Strobl. However, Moe would eventually disappear from North American and European stories, but became popular in Brazil, where he even had his own title (UrtigĂŁo) from 1987 to 1994.[61] In Italy, where he's called Dinamite Bla, his appearances has become more frequent since the 2000s (decade) and he has even gained a small Italian figurine from a special collection with various Disney characters simply called Disney Collection, made by De Agostini. Hard Haid Moe lives somewhere on Calisota's countryside with his rather flabby dog, Houn' Dawg. Moe is often seen carrying a shotgun. Brazilian cartoonists created a permanent female character for Moe's stories, a funny maid called Firmina (original Brazilian name), who is reluctantly hired by Moe in the story "Uma Intrusa Especiar" (free translation: "An Unusual Newcomer"),[62] and because of her strong and daring personality she's often arguing with Moe, who in turn has a very hard temperament. She became a kind of non-official girlfriend of Moe, including she almost married him. Amy Lou is the name of a Moe's niece who appeared in the comic story "Marriage Mountain-style" by Dick Kinney and Al Hubbard.[63] In this story she wants to find a husband, and Donald and Fethry become involuntarially her suitors. Witch Hazel Witch Hazel with Beelzebub Witch Hazel is a fictional character appearing in productions of The Walt Disney Company. She first appeared in the Donald Duck cartoon Trick or Treat in 1952, voiced by June Foray, where she helps Huey, Dewey and Louie get candy from Donald. She also appeared in the Carl Barks's comic book adaptation and two sequels to that story, "Too Late for Christmas" in Donald Duck Adventures (Gladstone Series) #30 in December 1994 and "The Poorest Duck in Duckburg" in Donald Duck Adventures (Gladstone Series) #35 in October 1995. Witch Hazel has a broom named Beelzebub, which acts as both her servant and her mode of transport. In Disney comics she appeared as working with other Disney witches such as Magica De Spell and Mad Madam Mim. Witch Hazel is also seen in some Italian Disney comics, where she is called Nocciola (Italian for "hazelnut"; full name Nocciola Vildibranda Crapomena), notably those by Luciano Bottaro. Her name, a pun on the name of the North American shrub and the herbal medicine derived from it, witch hazel, has been commonly used for the names of cartoon witches; Warner Bros., MGM, Famous Studios, and the Little Lulu comic book also had characters named "Witch Hazel", and Rembrandt Films had one named "Hazel Witch". Animator Chuck Jones, of his own admission, got the idea of Looney Tunes' Witch Hazel from the Disney short, creating a different character but again using June Foray for the voice. The Disney Witch Hazel had a very different appearance from her Looney Tunes counterpart. She is short, has a hairy, warty chin and a large red nose with green eyes. She wears a long blonde wig (although occasionally it is grey), dresses in archetypal black witches clothes, and her hat is very tall. She is also far more benevolent than the Looney Tunes version. The Disney Witch Hazel never became as popular as Magica De Spell or Mad Madam Mim. But, in Italian Disney comics, she has been for a long time an oft-used and well-liked character. Usually, her stories show her interactions not with the Duck Clan, but with Goofy (the only exception are the stories Il dottor Paperus, parody of Goethe's Faust in the 1950s, and its sequel Paperino e il seguito della storia, published in 1999). This is due to her irritation at Goofy's staunch refusal to believe in magic or witches of any sort, believing instead that real magic is the same as regular trick magic, and that those claiming to be magicians (including Hazel) are crazy. This leads to several amusing adventures where Hazel uses every spell in the book to try to convince Goofy of the existence of "real" magic, despite continued failure. She also appears to be the first boss of the NES game Mickey Mousecapade, despite being originally a good character. Witch Hazel appeared as a guest in Disney's House of Mouse. Pig characters Herbert Herbert is a not especially bright pig friend of Huey, Dewey and Louie Duck. He first appeared in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #43 in the Donald Duck story entitled "Three Dirty Little Ducks". He then appeared in a few other Barks stories, including "The Fifty Dollar Dime" in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #50. He has recently made appearances in Disney comics produced in the Netherlands. Porker Hogg Porker Hogg is a rival of Angus Pothole McDuck. He hired the original Beagle Boys to destroy McDuck's boat but then they double crossed him. Porker's nephew Horseshoe Hogg challenged Scrooge McDuck to finish the race their uncles started in 1870, but in the imaginary part of Ducktales, he was a thug who worked for the Beagle Boys. Argus McSwine Argus McSwine is an enemy of Scrooge McDuck and Donald Duck. He appears in many stories, both by Carl Barks and others. Sometimes he has the Beagle Boys working for him. His first appearance was in Forbidden Valley by Carl Barks, published in Donald Duck #54. McSwine has appeared in many Egmont-produced Disney stories in which he antagonizes Donald more than he does Scrooge. Argus is a lot like Neighbor Jones in this functionâexcept that he does not live next door to Donald, and is often a crook or con man (whereas Jones is generally on the side of law and order). Often portrayed as rich, McSwine sometimes competes with Scrooge for some type of prize in much the way that Flintheart Glomgold or John D. Rockerduck also do. Argus is in fact one of the most evil villains in the Scrooge stories, having openly shot at the ducks and threatened them with harm in a manner that the Beagle Boys rarely do. From the 1950s to the 1980s, McSwine had no consistent name and was known only as "the pig villain", going by a number of one-time aliases including John the Con and Porkman De Lardo. The last name McSwine comes from Carl Barks' Donald the Milkman. In 1990, then-editor Bob Foster published that story for the first time in the USA. At the same time, the decision was taken that McSwine should be the character's "real" name, with the first name Argus being added at the same time. Thus the pig villain has remained Argus McSwine in many other stories through 2010, with only the occasional alias used in more modern times (Lardo J. Porkington in Lars Jensen's The Nest Egg). Peter Pig Peter Pig is a fictional pig in Disney short films and comics of the 1930s. He was introduced in The Wise Little Hen (1934),[64] in which he was the lazy and greedy friend of his much more famous fellow first-appearance character, Donald Duck. Peter Pig's second and last Disney film appearance was in The Band Concert (1935),[65] in which Peter played trumpet and a smaller, similar pig called Paddy Pig played the tuba. Peter later made a cameo in a Toontown scene of Who Framed Roger Rabbit during "Smile, Darn Ya, Smile". The brief film career was followed by a just as brief comics career. Federico Pedrocchi, the Italian who created the first long Donald Duck comics, used Peter Pig as Donald's sidekick until he was replaced by the arrival of Huey, Dewey and Louie. In the Garden area of Disney Castle in Kingdom Hearts II, there is a topiary sculpture of Peter Pig. Peter Pig also appears on one of the first artworks for the video game Epic Mickey. Pig Mayor The Pig Mayor is an anthropomorphic pig whose name was actually created especially to refer to the character in Carl Bark's stories who governs the fictitious city of Duckburg. Barks never worried about naming this mayor, including using dogfaces with different looks to be shown as mayors of Duckburg in early comic stories, and he never named them, too.[66] Despite all the irrelevance that Barks used to give to this creation, the Pig Mayor became an essential character in this particular universe, being largely used in Italian and Danish comic stories.[67] He is also a recurring character in Brazilian and Dutch ones. In Italy, the look of the Pig Mayor has changed a bit through the years and some cartoonists have drawn him with brown hair. He has been used in various Italian stories where Scrooge McDuck and John D. Rockerduck both are involved in some competition. Soapy Slick Soapy Slick is the crooked saloon operator and profiteer in the Scrooge McDuck comic series, modeled after Jefferson Randolph "Soapy" Smith of Skagway, Alaska. He is one of the oldest of Scrooge McDuck's enemies. He was introduced by Carl Barks in North of the Yukon. Don Rosa illustrated The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Chapter 8: The King of the Klondike documents Scrooge's Alaskan prospecting days (1896 or thereabouts). Scrooge secures a loan from Soapy. Soapy, being a saloon owner on land and water (he owns a gambling boat), has plenty of money to lend. Of course, at a more than suitable interest rate (it was 10% at the turn of the 20th century). But Soapy swindles Scrooge - the pocket of land Scrooge wants to pan on has already been identified as having no gold - and Soapy goes ahead and gives him the loan anyway. Soapy adds another 0 to the 10 and makes the interest on the loan 100% and then tries to collect on the loan in Uncle Scrooge #59. Luckily, Scrooge manages to produce the loan-paid receipt. Eventually, Scrooge goes to the Yukon and strikes gold in Uncle Scrooge #292. However, he is kidnapped by Soapy who ties Scrooge to the smokestack of the casino boat and taunts Scrooge by making fun of Scrooge's dead mother. Scrooge becomes enraged and tears the smokestack down (by pulling on the chains with which he has been fastened to the smokestack), sinking Soapy's casino boat. Other anthropomorphic characters Tachyon Farflung Tachyon Farflung is a monkey-like alien whose first appearance was in the Danish comic story "The Terror From Outer Space",[68] where he becomes a relatively important foe of Scrooge McDuck. Tachyon is shown as a notorious intergalactic thief who hid himself on the planet Melbar, described as crime capital of the universe. He discovers Scrooge's fortune by using an interstellar spyscope. Then Tachyon comes to Earth on his spaceship determined to steal Scrooge's Money Bin. Like Princess Oona, Tachyon Farflung is a comic character developed through a partnership between the Swedish couple Stefan and Unn Printz-PĂ„hlson and the Chilean cartoonist Vicar. Tachyon's original skin color is green, but some countries showed him with light creamy skin. This character appeared in more than five comic stories. Woimly Filcher Woimly Filcher is an anthropomorphic male cat created by William Van Horn who is similar to another Disney character, Pete. He appeared for the first time in the Danish story "Deck Us All!",[69] where he is shown as a close friend of Jones. Nevertheless, this fellowship wasn't explored in any of Woimly's later stories. Woimly is always smoking a cigar like the original Pete used to do. He became a relatively important rival to Donald Duck. Woimly likes to provoke Donald by showing unbearable arrogance when they are in some contest against each other. Pete Main article: Pete (Disney) Pete is a large, menacing black cat who appears in several Donald Duck short films and in DuckTales. He is usually more closely associated with the Mickey Mouse universe where he has remained a central figure since Steamboat Willie. Lawyer Sharky Sylvester J. Sharky appears to be an anthropomorphic rat, with a huge droop-snoot nose upon which a pair of pince-nez spectacles are perched. In The Golden Helmet (1952), the first story in which he appears, he provides legal advice to Azure Blue, who claims to be owner of North America, because he is a descendant of Olaf the Blue, a Viking explorer who discovered America in 901 AD. Whenever Sharky was asked to prove his client (Blue or whoever he was working for) to descend from Olaf, he replies asking the questioner to prove he isn't. Sharky often speaks in fake legal Latin, like "Hocus, locus, jocus", which means "To the landlord belong the doorknobs". Lawyer Sharky seldom has a large role, but he is often seen in cameo appearances. In The Lost Charts of Columbus, believing a Phoenician prince named Hanno to have made a claim to North America before anybody else, he helped Azure Blue, now Azure "Hanno" Blue, to "prove" his kinship to Hanno. In The Poorest Duck in Duckburg he helps Scrooge McDuck cancel Halloween by spending his money on all the Halloween stuff in Duckburg but that only makes things worse for Scrooge but Scrooge gets his money back eventually. Animals This section contains animal characters who act like animals, unlike the majority of characters in this article who are highly anthropomorphized animals and act like humans. Aracuan Bird The Aracuan Bird, also called the Clown of the Jungle, first appeared in the feature film The Three Caballeros (1944); though, despite his apparent on-screen popularity, strangely he did not appear in the comic book adaptation of that film. During the segment "Aves Raras" (or "rare birds"), Donald is watching a film about South American birds when the film's narrator introduces the Aracuan as "one of the most eccentric birds you have ever seen". The Aracuan proceeds to walk right out of the film along the projectors' light beam and into Donald's life. This crazy bird drives Donald nuts not only in this film, but again in the cartoon short "Clown of the Jungle" (1947), and then once more in the feature film Melody Time segment called "Blame it on the Samba" (1948) where he attempts to cheer up the "blue" (literally) Donald Duck and JosĂ© Carioca. Like Panchito Pistoles and JosĂ© Carioca, the Aracuan Bird is primarily known only from these three films in the USA. However, he has found some success in comics from Brazil where he is known as FoliĂŁo. More recently the Aracuan Bird has appeared in Mickey Mouse Works and Disney's House of Mouse. He causes hilarious practical jokes and dons various disguises (including posing as Donald Duck). Often Donald is shown trying to take a photo of the bird, with it evading his efforts. In Norway & Sweden the cartoon "Clown of the Jungle" is shown as part of the From All of Us to All of You, a Disney Christmas special shown on television every Christmas Eve at 3 pm, although the Swedish censorship edits out the part where Donald attacks the Aracuan with a machine gun. The crazy Aracuan, with its flaming red hair, hot pink face and fluorescent yellow feet, appears at first to be a completely fictional creation. However, there actually is a South American bird called the Aracuan (or AracuĂŁ, in contemporary Portuguese). The aracuan is the local name for the eastern Brazilian sub-species of the speckled chachalaca (Ortalis guttata). Chachalacas are moderately large tree-dwelling birds that belong the Cracid family, which also includes guans and curassows. Cracids are related to other galliformes, such as turkeys, and also share some characteristics with megapodes (such as the Australian malleefowl and brush-turkey). The very name chachalaca (from Paraguayan Spanish) refers to the noisy call of the bird. Around dawn, groups emit hoarse screams and "arapapiyas" that are similar to those produced by the Aracuan Bird in the Disney movie. However, the physical appearance of the bird is quite different, with a long tail, drab plumage and a much shorter beak. Barko Barko was once a great sled dog and "champion of all the North". However, as he reached old age, he became unwanted and stricken with rheumatism. He spent most of his retirement at a hardware store that used to rent/sell sled dogs. It wasn't until the crooked Soapy Slick threatened to take the fortune of Scrooge McDuck because of an I.O.U. from 1898 that Barko was needed. Scrooge had proof through a receipt, but because of a fight upon the plane with a disguised Slick, Scrooge's bag (along with the receipt inside) fell near the Frozenjaw River. Scrooge needed a sled team fast, but the only good team left was in Slick's possession. Upon seeing that the only two dogs left were "Kyoodles", Scrooge then discovered Barko in the snow. The two instantly befriended each other, and thus, the quest began. The team soon caught up with Slick's team, thanks to Scrooge helping Barko, whose rheumatism was threatened by the rolling hills. Slick then dropped off drugged fishes to knock out Scrooge's team. Scrooge discovered this, but then succumbed the fumes of the drugged fish himself. Barko was the only one unaffected, and bravely pulled the sled by himself, along with the Kyoodles and Scrooge aboard. Later that night, Scrooge awoke to see that his sled dog buddy had pulled the whole way. Scrooge then volunteered to pull while Barko slept on the sled the rest of the way. The team then caught up with Slick's team by the Frozenjaw River's icy shore. Slick saw Scrooge, then fired his pistol sending the old duck quadzillionaire into the icy waters. Barko rescued his friend just in time. As the sled crashed through the ice, Barko was pulled under just as Scrooge made it near where his receipt laid at the mercy of Soapy Slick. Scrooge then did the unexpected, and saved Barko instead of his fortune. Upon the cracks of ice, Scrooge and Barko ("It's all right, old fellow! We sort of belong on this ice cake together!"). All seemed lost until Huey, Dewey, and Louie showed up with Poly Poly, a polar bear cub raised by the Arctic Patrol of the Junior Woodchucks. Poly Poly rescued the two friends, and just as Slick got the receipt, newsreporters, courtesy of Donald Duck, arrived before he could rip it. In the end, Scrooge got to keep his great fortune while Barko and Poly Poly became famous animal heroes. Once again, Barko's potential was recognized thanks to Scrooge, and he reclaimed his title as the Champion of the North. Barko is a character inspired by another sled dog, Balto. Billy Goat Billy Goat is one of the various farm animals that are treated as pets by Grandma Duck, but he certainly is the most known one. Billy is always ready to hit intruders with his horns. He was used by Carl Barks in ten stories of the comic series "Grandma Duck's Farm Friends".[70] Bolivar Bolivar is a non-anthropomorphic St. Bernard dog belonging to Donald Duck. He first appeared in the Mickey Mouse cartoon Alpine Climbers where he rescued Pluto from freezing in the snow, the two later found by Mickey and Donald to be drunk on Bolivar's own brandy. Bolivar is unusual for a Disney character in that he is not anthropomorphized beyond showing an unusually broad range of facial expressions; he is actually represented with the characteristics of his species. He also appeared in the Silly Symphonies cartoon More Kittens. Later on he appeared in the newspaper comic strips as Donald's dog. Ever since 1938,[71] Bolivar has been a prominent member of the Duck family. He has even been used by Carl Barks as a companion for Huey Dewey and Louie, and appears now and then in recent stories (the artist Daniel Branca had Bolivar as one of his favorite characters). In some comic strips Bolivar had a son named Behemoth, who disappeared without a trace later on. Bolivar has also been called Bornworthy and Bernie, as his name is rather controversial for being a Disney character (see SimĂłn BolĂvar). Nevertheless, from 1992 onward the original name Bolivar has almost always been used in the United States. He is thought to have been created by Al Taliaferro. In some dialects, Taliaferro rhymes with Bolivar. Chip 'n' Dale Main article: Chip 'n' Dale Chip and Dale are two chipmunks who appear in several Donald Duck short films. General Snozzie General Snozzie is the official bloodhound for The Junior Woodchucks of Duckburg. He has the ability to sniff out a substance on command. He sometimes joins Huey, Dewey and Louie, Donald Duck, and Scrooge McDuck on their adventures. He first appeared in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #213 in the story Dodging Miss Daisy by Carl Barks, where he helped Daisy Duck and the boys track down Donald. In the story W.H.A.D.A.L.O.T.T.A.J.A.R.G.O.N. by Don Rosa, General Snozzie was just a puppy; back then he was called Major Snozzie. General Snozzie wasn't the only mascot of The Junior Woodchucks. Bolivar was a Junior Woodchucks mascot at one point, and Pluto also was a Junior Woodchucks mascot in some stories. Hortense Hortense was Scrooge McDuck's horse during his adventures in his youth. The mare was originally named Widowmaker, belonging to Murdo McKenzie. When Scrooge wanted to enlist as a cowboy in McKenzie's payroll, McKenzie offered him the job if he could successfully manage to ride his most violent-tempered horse. Scrooge would have fallen off the horse like everyone else before him, but his belt was accidentally caught in the saddle knob, keeping him in the saddle while the horse did her utmost to throw him off. Impressed by Scrooge's performance, McKenzie enlisted him as a cowboy and gave him the horse Widowmaker as a gift. Impressed by the horse's temper, Scrooge renamed her Hortense after his little sister, claiming both had equally bad tempers (much to his sister's chagrin). Tamed by Scrooge, Hortense later expressed impressive skills in galloping very fast, keeping her calm in dire situations and even controlling other animals. Houn' Dawg Houn' Dawg is Hard Haid Moe's very loyal but very lazy dog. Humphrey the Bear Main article: Humphrey the Bear Humphrey is a bear who appears in several Donald Duck short films. Ottoperotto Main article: Beagle Boys § 64 Ottoperotto is the Beagle Boys' pet dog. Unlike Pluto, Ottoperotto has a criminal mindset. Poochie Poochie is Fethry Duck's dog, who has an over-friendly personality. He appeared in some 1970s stories drawn by Tony Strobl.[72] Some Brazilian cartoonists also used Fethry's little-known pet. Porpy Porpy is Moby Duck's nice and smart porpoise. Ratface Ratface Ratface is Magica De Spell's sly raven,[73] called Poe in DuckTales. See also: Poe De Spell Ratty Ratty is Beagle Boys' pet cat. Tabby Tabby is Donald's cat and he appeared for the first time in the classic story "The Health Nut" by Dick Kinney and Al Hubbard,[74] where Fethry Duck also made his first appearance in comics. Tabby dislikes Fethry basically because he's full of crazy ideas that usually put Donald and him in trouble. This relation between Fethry and Tabby was quite explored in American and Brazilian comic stories starring Donald and Fethry. Tabby really likes his owner, Donald, but this doesn't refrain him from trying to catch a fish who lives in Donald's fishbowl. Like Poochie (Fethry Duck's dog) and Houn' Dawg (Hard Haid Moe's dog), Tabby is a pet whose thoughts are generally shown by comic writers, which is not the case of Bolivar (Donald Duck's dog), for example. Robots Little Helper Little helper at work Little Helper, or simply Helper, debuted in the story "The Cat Box" in Uncle Scrooge #15 (September 1956), created by Carl Barks. Helper is a small, humanoid robot (about 20 cm tall), constructed from pieces of metal and a lightbulb, which serves as his head. He acts as the assistant to the inventor Gyro Gearloose. In the Donald Duck comics, he is often shown as an inventor himself, sometimes copying Gyro's inventions. Little Helper never speaks, but occasionally uses thought bubbles. He enjoys chasing mice and helping Gyro clean up the unusual consequences of his inventions. Helper's origin is given in the story "Gyro's First invention" (written by Don Rosa), which appears in Uncle Scrooge #324 (December 2003) as part of Gyro's 50th anniversary. In this retelling, Gyro accidentally passed on some of his intelligence to Donald Duck's desk lamp. Gyro added small metal arms and legs to the lamp, so that it could move about. Little Helper lived up to his name, helping his creator with his inventions. In the Italian comics, his name is Edi, in reference to Thomas Edison. Little Helper appears alongside Gyro in the animated series DuckTales. He is called Little Bulb in the series, which is compatible with the Brazilian name for the character - Lampadinha - informal diminutive of LĂąmpada (lamp), in Portuguese. Also in Dutch, he is called "Lampje" (little lamp) and Filament in French. Historical figures In several Don Rosa stories, Scrooge McDuck encountered historical people. The most notable of these encounters was with U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt and Scrooge would meet each other at least three times: in the Dakotas in 1883, in Duckburg in 1902, and in Panama in 1906. Rosa is famous for his historical accuracy: he checks historical records to make sure that the figures he writes about could have plausibly taken part in those adventures. (This also extends to scientific accuracy for the most part.) Other historical people who met Scrooge: Elias Lönnrot, in Glasgow in 1877. Jesse James, several times in the late 19th century. Murdo McKenzie, in Montana from 1882 to 1884. Captain E. Moore, on the Cutty Sark in 1883. Sultan Mangkunagara V of Djokja, in Batavia in 1883. (Which was actually an error since the ruler of Djokja at the time was Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII. The error was derived from the mistake on Don Rosa's source, an 1890s traveling story titled On The Subject of Java) Sultan Pakubuwana IX of Solo, in Batavia in 1883. Marcus Daly, in Butte, Montana in 1884. Jakob Waltz in Pizen Bluff in 1890. Geronimo, in Arizona in 1890. Buffalo Bill, in Arizona in 1890. Annie Oakley, in Arizona in 1890. P. T. Barnum, in Arizona in 1890. The Dalton Brothers, in Arizona in 1890. Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, at the Chicago Universal Exposition in 1892 (or 1893). Wyatt Earp, in Skagway in 1896 and one year later in White Agony Creek. Bat Masterson, in White Agony Creek in 1897. Judge Roy Bean, in White Agony Creek in 1897. Butch Cassidy, in White Agony Creek in 1897. The Sundance Kid, in White Agony Creek in 1897. Sam Steele, in Dawson City in 1898. Jack London, in Dawson City in 1898. William H. Scarth, in Dawson City in 1898. Edith Roosevelt, in Panama in 1906. General Esteban, in Panama in 1906. This character is named after General Esteban Huertas, who is considered a hero in Panama. Because Rosa needed the character as a villain, he chose not to use the General's full name. Also, the real General Esteban Huertas had only one arm, unlike his counterpart in the comic. John F. Stevens, in Panama in 1906. Captain George R. Shanton, in Panama in 1906. Robert Peary, close to the North Pole in 1909. Matthew Henson, near the North Pole in 1909. Nicholas II of Russia, in the Winter Palace in 1910. John Jacob Astor IV, on the RMS Titanic in 1912 Frank Lloyd Drake, the designer of Scrooge's Money Bin, was named after famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. This character is only mentioned and doesn't make an appearance. Sitting Bull, he was called "Standing Bull" until he lost a fight against Scrooge. Furthermore, Don Rosa often hides images of himself, his friends or Carl Barks in his stories. See also Mickey Mouse universe List of DuckTales characters List of Darkwing Duck characters References â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian story Paz, Amor E GlĂłria â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian story Ser HeroĂna Cansa A Minha Beleza â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian story Por Baixo Do Pano â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian story PichaçÔes â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Sir PeninhoĂ© â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Os Caçadores Da Pena Perdida â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Nasce Uma HeroĂna... Borboleta PĂșrpura â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Ăs Voltas Com A Raposa Matreira â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story O GatĂŁo Gatuno â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian subseries O Clube da Aventura â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Quando A GlĂłria I-Rita â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Morcego Vermelho Conquista A GlĂłria â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Surprise, Surprise! â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian story Genro Ă Bolonhesa â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Luck of Pali â Coa-Inducks - Index to Brazilian stories with Gotrocks â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Goat With the Long Silky Hair â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Whale of a Good Deed â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Rescue of the Grand Mogul â Coa-Inducks - Daan Jippes's comic stories with Grand Mogul â Coa-Inducks - Page to the covers of Giovani Marmotte â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Spirit of Chief Firebird â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Next Best Thing â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone e l'amore a seconda vista â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Arriva Paperetta YĂš-YĂš â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone Pigmalione â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone e Le Grandi Conquiste â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Paperina di Rivondosa â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Mystery of the Ghost Town Railroad â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Too Much Mush â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Old Lady â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story After The Ball â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Love and War â Coa-Inducks - Index to stories with Pandy Pap â Page in English language for the character "Little Gum" â Coa-Inducks - Page for the Italian Disney character "Etci" â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic story "Paperino e l'avventura sottomarina" â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic story "60 anni insieme con Topolino" â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic story "Zio Paperone e le streghe in azione" â Duckipedia.de - Page to the Disney character Mona Menetekel (originally called Roberta) â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic story "Zio Paperone e il congelamento dei crediti" â Coa-Inducks - Index to stories with Velma Vanderduck â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone e la sfida robotica â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Dog Eat Dog â Coa-Inducks - Index to stories with Garvey Gull â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone e il ratto di Brigitta â "Jubal Pomp (comic book character)". Comicvine.com. 1961-02-12. Retrieved 2012-11-07. â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic story "Paperino missione Zantaf" â Coa-Inducks - Index to Danish stories with Zantaf â Battista at the INDUCKS â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone e l'angolare di sicurezza â Coa-Inducks - List of Battista's stories published in America â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Picnic â Coa Inducks - Page for Daisy Duck's 1970s gallery â Coa Inducks - Page with the stats for the Doe Boys â Coa Inducks - Index to Lars Jensen's stories with the Doe Boys â Neighbor Jones at the INDUCKS 1 2 ArsĂšne Lupin and Sherlock Holmes â Did You Know? Hard Haid Moe "Perhaps âHog Haid Moeâ was meant to imply a pigfaced character, but artist Al Hubbard drew Moe as a big-nosed human." â "It's Music?". Coa.inducks.org. 1964-10-04. Retrieved 2012-11-07. â Papersera - Brazilian Covers: UrtigĂŁo â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Uma Intrusa Especiar â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Marriage Mountain-style â The Wise Little Hen. The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts. Retrieved on March 17, 2008. â The Band Concert. The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts. Retrieved on March 17, 2008. â Carl Barks (Danish website) - Secondary Characters - The Mayors â Coa-Inducks - Page with the stats for "Pig Mayor" â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Terror From Outer Space â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Deck Us All! â Coa-Inducks - List of Carl Barks's stories with "Billy Goat" â StarbĂ€ck, Per. "Bolivar". Disney Comics characters. 3 April 1999. Disney Comics. â Coa-Inducks - Index to stories with Poochie â Ratface at I.N.D.U.C.K.S. â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Health Nut Disney core universe characters Primary Mickey MouseDonald DuckMinnie MouseDaisy DuckPlutoGoofyPeteOswald the Lucky Rabbit Secondary JosĂ© CariocaChip 'n' DaleClarabelle CowMagica De SpellDarkwing DuckGyro GearlooseFlintheart GlomgoldMax GoofHorace HorsecollarHuey, Dewey, and Louie DuckHumphrey the BearJiminy CricketPete JuniorScrooge McDuckThe Phantom BlotPanchito PistolesJohn D. RockerduckLudwig Von Drake Groups The Beagle BoysMickey Mouse universe characters Mickey Mouse familyDonald Duck universe characters Duck familyClan McDuckEvronianiDuckTales characters This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/10/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files. 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đ The Global Network đClan McDuck Glasgow 1877, Clan McDuck portrait by Don Rosa; left to right: Jake, Matilda, Downy, Fergus, Hortense, Scrooge (age 10), and Angus; wall portraits: Malcolm, Eider, Quackly, Roast, and Hugh (Clicking on a character will take you to their section.) The Clan McDuck is a fictional Scottish clan of cartoon ducks from which Disney character Scrooge McDuck is descended. Within the Donald Duck universe, the clan is related to the American Duck family through the marriage of Hortense McDuck and Quackmore Duck, Donald's parents. Clan McDuck was created by American comic book author Carl Barks, who also created the character of Scrooge McDuck. Barks' 1948 story "The Old Castle's Secret," in which Scrooge and his nephews search for hidden treasure in McDuck Castle, introduced the backstory of the clan. Other authors built on Barks' work, most notably Don Rosa in his 12-part comic saga The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck (1992â94) which introduced Scrooge's immediate family. Literary origins Carl Barks (left) and Don Rosa (right) In the early 1950s, Carl Barks was in his second decade of creating comic book stories starring Donald Duck and his various relatives. He had personally created several of the latter, including cousin Gladstone Gander and uncle Scrooge McDuck, although the specific relationships between them were still uncertain. To better define these relationships, Barks created a version of the McDuck/Duck/Coot family tree for his own personal benefit, incidentally creating several additional characters. During his retirement, Barks' stories remained popular and gained him unexpected fame. Barks gave several interviews during which he answered questions about his stories and the characters he had created. In 1981, Barks described his personal version of Donald's family tree, which was used by amateur artist Mark Worden in drawing the family tree and including portraits of the characters mentioned. Worden's tree was first published in several fanzines, and later in the Disney-licensed Carl Barks Library, a ten-volume hardcover collection of Barks' stories in black-and-white. In 1987, Don Rosa, a long-time fan of Carl Barks and a personal friend of Mark Worden, started creating his own stories featuring Scrooge McDuck. His stories contained numerous references to older stories by Barks as well as several original ideas. After several years he gained a fan base of his own. In the early 1990s, the Egmont Group, the publishing house employing Rosa, offered him an ambitious assignment: he was to create the definitive version of Scrooge's biography and a family tree to accompany it. The project was intended to end decades of contradictions between stories which caused confusion to readers. The project was to become The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The family tree accompanying it was first published in Norway on July 3, 1993. In the process of working on Scrooge's biography, Rosa studied Barks' old stories in detail. Rosa made note of as many clues as he could of Scrooge's past given by Barks â which Rosa dubbed "Barksian facts" â and used them to write new stories. Despite the ambitious nature of the project, Rosa himself stressed in the introduction to the book "...this version of Scrooge's life is not the 'official' version â there's no particular reason why I (or anyone else) should expect other Duck writers to adhere to my vision of Scrooge's history. As carefully and authentically as I sought to construct it, it was never intended to be anything but my personal telling of the life of Scrooge McDuck."[1] The seat of Clan McDuck McDuck Castle in The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home by Don Rosa. The seat of Clan McDuck is McDuck Castle (alternately called Castle McDuck) which is located in Dismal Downs, somewhere in Rannoch Moor, a non-fictional location within Scotland. The nearest village is the fictional MacDuich. The castle usually appears in good condition considering its great age. However, in the Barks story "Hound of the Whiskervilles" (1960) the castle is in ruins. The comics continuity does not establish when McDuck Castle was built, but it first appears (on the fictional timeline) in 946 when the Saxons laid siege to it. For many centuries the castle served as the home of the clan chief. In 1675, the McDucks were run out of the castle due to the depredations of a "monstrous devil dog" in Dismal Downs, later discovered to be a plot by the rival Clan Whiskerville.[2] At this time, many of the McDucks moved to the village of MacDuich and to Glasgow. Even after their departure, the clan still owned the castle and continued to pay the taxes by pooling their incomes. By 1885, only Fergus and Jake McDuck remain to pay the taxes, but their combined income is not enough, causing the Crown to auction it off. Scrooge then buys the estate, allowing his family to reoccupy the castle. He also hires local dogface Scottie McTerrier as caretaker.[3] Sometime after Scottie's death, Scrooge's sister Matilda becomes caretaker.[4] In the DuckTales continuity, Castle McDuck was built by Scrooge's great-great grandfather Silas who incorporated the castle into an existing Druid stone circle to save on construction costs. This story would date the castle itself to about the 18th century. The Druids, seeking revenge on the McDucks for taking away their sacred meeting place, scared the clan away using trained phosphorescent hounds. Years later, Scrooge returns with Huey, Dewey, Louie, and Webby and uncovers the mystery. Scrooge befriends the Druids and partners with them to turn Castle McDuck into a tourist attraction. Scrooge plans to give a share of the profit to the Druids as reparations for desecrating their stone circle. The story is loosely based on the Barks story "Hound of the Whiskervilles", which was in turn loosely based on The Hound of the Baskervilles.[5] The castle appears in the Carl Barks stories The Old Castle's Secret (1948) and Hound of the Whiskervilles (1960) and in the Don Rosa stories The Last of the Clan McDuck (1992), The New Laird of Castle McDuck (1993), The Billionaire of Dismal Downs (1993) and The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home (2004). Other comic book authors have also used the castle, such as Andrew Galton, Dave Angus, and Vicar in The Crying Monster (1982). In the TV series DuckTales, McDuck Castle appears in the episode "The Curse of Castle McDuck". Tartans of Clan MacDuck In 1942, five years before the creation of Scrooge McDuck as a character, the Disney corporation created and registered a yellow, red, and green tartan pattern called "MacDuck Final Version" and used it to sell war bonds during World War II. The pattern currently has the Scottish Tartans Authority reference number 1121 and is included in the official Scottish Register of Tartans. In 1984, Disney also created a brown, green, and black tartan which was registered as "MacDuck" with the Scottish Tartans World Register of the now-defunct Scottish Tartans Society (reference number 1080). This pattern is not officially recognized in Scotland. Nevertheless, both the 1121 and 1080 patterns are non-fictional in nature and available as bolts of cloth or finished kilts and other garments from the House of Tartan.[6] The fictional McDuck tartan first appears in 1960 in Hound of the Whiskervilles. However, the coloring of the tartan was not Barks' decision but that of colorists working for Dell Comics, which first published the story; subsequent publications showed the tartan having differing colors. When Don Rosa decided to include the tartan in his stories, he used the original coloring of green and orange. Nevertheless, some European publications have still shown variations in Rosa's color scheme.[7] (See Sir Roast McDuck's tam o' shanter cap in the illustration at the top of the page, which was first published in France.)[8] The old clansmen seen on DuckTales wear a green and orange tartan, but of a slightly different design from that of the comics. MacDuck Final Version (STA 1121) MacDuck (STWR 1080) Fictional McDuck tartan as drawn by Carl Barks and colored by Dell colorists Ancient ancestors Scrooge Shah and Prince Donduk Scrooge Shah was the last king of Sagbad and the earliest known ancestor of Scrooge McDuck. A young King Khan Khan (2050 BC-1967 AD) sacked the city of Sagbad in 2033 BC, but Scrooge Shah and Prince Donduk, his heir apparent, managed to escape. Khan Khan lost their tracks, but would much later locate their distant descendants. Scrooge Shah features in the story "King Scrooge the First" (1967) by Carl Barks and Tony Strobl. Pah-Peh-Rheo Pah-Peh-Rheo lived in the 1st century BC and was the founding father of Clan McDuck. He was born in Egypt and became a Roman citizen, taking the name Petronius Paperonius. Originally following a campaign of the Roman army to Britain, he eventually decided to settle in Caledonia (the Roman name for Scotland) among the ancient Picts. He was also a non-royal uncle of Cleopatra.[9] Pah-Peh-Rheo appears in the eight-part "Storia e gloria della dinastia dei paperi" (1970; English: History and Glory of the Duck Dynasty) by Romano Scarpa, Giorgio Cavazzano, and Giovan Battista Carpi. Medieval McDucks Eider McDuck Sir Eider McDuck (880-946; from earlier Eider MacDuich) was the chief of Clan McDuck during an Anglo-Saxon invasion in 946 (despite England and Scotland signing a peace treaty in 945). Eider was killed during the Anglo-Saxons' siege of McDuck Castle after his serfs abandoned him. He had refused to buy them arrows because they were too expensive, and only paid his serfs, collectively, 30 copper pieces an hour.[10][11] Eider McDuck is first mentioned in Barks' The Old Castle's Secret (1948). Friar Juicy McDuck (910-971) and Sir Smokt McDuck (b. 921) are buried in the McDuck cemetery as seen in the Carl Barks painting Dubious Doings at Dismal Downs. Quackly McDuck Sir Quackly McDuck (1010-1057; from earlier Quackly MacDuich) was clan chief when King Macbeth was killed in 1057. That same year, Macbeth offered Quackly a treasure chest in exchange for his support in the ongoing war for the throne. Quackly agreed and served the king during the war, but became obsessed with protecting the treasure, eventually trapping himself inside the castle walls with it. Quackly and his treasure became a McDuck legend, and it is believed that his ghost continues to protect the treasure and the castle.[11] In 1877, Quackly's ghost saves a young Scrooge McDuck from the Whiskervilles of Dismal Downs. Without revealing his true identity, he suggests to Scrooge that he travel to America and work for his Uncle Pothole, thus serving as the catalyst for all of Scrooge's adventures. In 1885, Quackly again tries to save Scrooge, but his action unintentionally brings about Scrooge's temporary death. In heaven, Quackly is reprimanded by his relatives for interfering in earthly events.[10][12] Quackly McDuck is first mentioned in The Old Castle's Secret (1948) by Carl Barks, and first appears in The Last of the Clan McDuck (1994) by Don Rosa. Stuft McDuck Sir Stuft McDuck (1110-1175) was a successful chief of Clan McDuck who oversaw a period of prosperity.[10] Roast McDuck Sir Roast McDuck (1159-1205) succeeded his father, Stuft McDuck, as clan chief, at which point Clan McDuck was one of the richest clans in Scotland. However, in 1189, Roast offered much of the clan's wealth to the king of Scotland, William the Lion, after William asked for his help in paying tribute to Richard I of England. This act of patriotic generosity led to financial ruin for the clan. Aside from this imprudence, Roast is primarily remembered for his gluttony. In 1205 he raided the king's pantry and ate himself to death. Roast's memorial suit of armor displayed in Castle McDuck holds a knife and fork in its hands.[11][12] The character is first mentioned in The Old Castle's Secret (1948) by Carl Barks. He has a small speaking role in The Last of the Clan McDuck (1994) but makes his first appearance in The New Laird of Castle McDuck. Swamphole McDuck Sir Swamphole McDuck (1190-1260)[13] succeeded his father Roast McDuck as clan chief and inherited its financial problems. In 1220, Swamphole sealed the dungeon of Castle McDuck, stated as an attempt to decrease maintenance costs. He did, however, create secret passageways in the castle leading to the dungeons. (These passageways would later be useful during subsequent sieges.) After his death in 1260, Swamphole was not buried in the clan cemetery, rather, his skeleton was placed inside his memorial suit of armor which was placed in Castle McDuck. Swamphole McDuck is first mentioned in The Old Castle's Secret by Carl Barks.[11] In The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home (2004) by Don Rosa, it is revealed that Swamphole sealed the dungeons not to reduce maintenance costs, but to conceal a treasure. Donald McDuck Sir Donald McDuck, nicknamed "Black Donald" because of his foul temper, is said to have invented golf, hammer throw, and caber toss in 1440. His temper while playing golf resulted in James II of Scotland outlawing the sport. Black Donald is mentioned in "The History of the Clan McDuck" by Don Rosa. Simon McDuck Sir Simon McDuck (1437-1509) was the treasurer of the Knights Templar and hid their treasure beneath McDuck Castle. He is mentioned in The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home (2004) by Don Rosa. Early modern McDucks Malcolm McDuck Malcolm "Matey" McDuck (1530-1564?) was a McDuck relative who settled in England and is suggested to be a previous incarnation of Scrooge McDuck. Malcolm served in the English Navy, and in 1563 he became first mate of the frigate HMS Falcon Rover, serving under Captain Loyal Hawk. The Falcon Rover raided Spanish targets in the Caribbean Sea between 1563 and 1564. Also serving on the Falcon Rover was the boatswain, Pintail Duck, an ancestor of Donald Duck. Malcolm is said to have lost his life on 9 December 1564 when the Spanish fleet sunk the HMS Falcon Rover. However, in 1579, Malcolm was also said to have commanded the newly founded Ford Drakeborough, an establishment that in 1818 was taken over by Cornelius Coot and renamed Fort Duckburg.[14] Malcolm first appears in "Back to Long Ago!" (1956) by Carl Barks. Locksley McDuck Locksley McDuck was an 18th-century McDuck relative. Sometime after 1707, he became an associate of Scottish outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor who is characterized as a noble thief who would "rob from the rich to give to the poor". Lockely's alliance with MacGregor would come to an end after Locksley was unable to "give to the poor" after having robbed the rich. He is mentioned in The History of The Clan McDuck by Don Rosa. His name is derived from "Robin of Loxley", a traditional name for Robin Hood. Hugh McDuck Captain Hugh "Seafoam" McDuck (1710-1776) was a McDuck relative who settled in Glasgow in 1727, as the clan had been driven from their ancestral home of Dismal Downs in 1675. Hugh turned to the sea for a living and became a successful merchant. He obtained his own ship, the Golden Goose, and became known by the nickname "Seafoam". In 1753, Seafoam McDuck signed a contract with Chisel "Swindle" McSue to deliver a cargo of horseradish to Jamaica. But McSue sabotaged the Golden Goose and the ship sank before reaching Jamaica. Upon returning to Scotland, Seafoam McDuck learned that his contract with McSue contained fine print stating that if the shipment was not completed, McDuck would forfeit all his possessions to McSue. Seafoam escaped with nothing but the clothes on his back, a silver pocket watch, and the golden dentures in his mouth.[15] It is later presumed that Seafoam was involved in the American Revolutionary War and died in 1776. His descendant Quagmire McDuck inherited the silver pocket watch. Seafoam McDuck first appears in The Horseradish Story (1953) by Carl Barks. Silas McDuck According to the DuckTales episode "The Curse of Castle McDuck", Silas McDuck was Scrooge's great-great grandfather who built McDuck Castle. In order to save on construction costs, Silas had built the castle on an ancient Druid stone circle, incurring the wrath of the Druids. Silas' portrait is seen hanging in the castle when Scrooge visits. Modern family tree by Carl Barks The family tree below shows the McDuck portion of Donald's family tree according to Carl Barks. The chart is based on a 1950s sketch made by Barks for personal use, which was latter illustrated by artist Mark Worden in 1981. According to Barks, Matilda McDuck is married to Goosetail Gander, and the couple adopts Donald's cousin Gladstone. The character Old "Scotty" McDuck does not appear in any stories, but eventually became Fergus McDuck in Don Rosa's stories. Modern family tree by Carl Barks Old "Scotty" McDuck Duck family Scrooge McDuck Matilda McDuck Goosetail Gander Hortense McDuck Quackmore Duck Gladstone Gander (adopted) Donald Duck Thelma Duck Huey, Dewey, and Louie Modern family tree by Don Rosa This family tree is based on the work of Don Rosa.[16] Modern family tree by Don Rosa Quagmire McDuck "Dirty" Dingus McDuck Molly Mallard Angus "Pothole" McDuck (1829â1900) Fergus McDuck (1830â1902) Downy O'Drake (1840â1897) Jake McDuck (1832â1900) Duck family Scrooge McDuck (b. 1867) Matilda McDuck (b. 1871) Ludwig von Drake Hortense McDuck (b. 1876) Quackmore Duck (b. 1875) Donald Duck (b. 1920) Thelma "Della" Duck (b. 1920) Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck Modern McDucks (1st generation) Dingus McDuck "Dirty" Dingus McDuck, was Scrooge's grandfather. He worked as a coal miner,[17] married Molly Mallard, and had three sons â Angus, Fergus, and Jake. He appeared in Don Rosa's illustrated family tree, but has not appeared in any stories. A 1960s story by Bob Gregory and Tony Strobl identifies Scrooge's grandfather as Titus McDuck who was also a coal miner.[18] It is unclear if Titus is an alternate spelling or another grandfather. Molly Mallard Molly Mallard was the wife of Dingus McDuck and the mother of Angus, Fergus, and Jake McDuck. Her first and only appearance was in an illustrated family tree created by Don Rosa; she has not appeared in any stories. Quagmire McDuck Quagmire McDuck was Dingus McDuck's brother and Scrooge McDuck's great uncle. He inherited a silver watch from his ancestor Hugh "Seafoam" McDuck and passed it on to his nephew Fergus. After his death, Quagmire's estate remained unclaimed. Quagmire appears in the Carl Barks story "The Heirloom Watch" (1955).[19] Modern McDucks (2nd generation) Angus "Pothole" McDuck Angus "Pothole" McDuck (born 1829) is the first child of Dingus and Molly McDuck, and is Scrooge's uncle. Angus was born in Glasgow in 1829.[10] He was first mentioned in "The Great Steamboat Race" by Carl Barks and later appeared in person in a handful of stories by Don Rosa. Angus migrated to the United States during the late 1840s. In 1850 he was working as a cabin boy in the Mississippi riverboat Drennan Whyte when it sunk. He was the only survivor.[20] He continued working on Mississippi riverboats and he had obtained his own by 1861, named Cotton Queen. Around the time of the American Civil War (1861â1865) he became quite successful as a river boater. Soon after the end of the war in 1865 he and fellow river boater Porker Hogg became the co-owners of Cornpone Gables, a Southern plantation that had gone bankrupt. The two were unable to settle their differences and they decided to have a riverboat race in 1870 to decide who would be the owner. Both riverboats sank. Porker had two more riverboats but Angus spent the next ten years as a professional card player. In 1880, in a poker game with Porker, Angus won the rights to one of his rival's riverboats, named Dilly Dollar. Porker soon lost his other riverboat to Blackheart Beagle and his sons, the first generation of the Beagle Boys, a family of outlaws, and retired. Angus on the other hand hired his nephew Scrooge McDuck and a penniless inventor named Ratchet Gearloose as his crew. Business wasn't going well and Angus decided to retire in 1882. He left his riverboat to his nephew and settled down in New Orleans.[20] He became the writer of a series of dime novels under the title The Master of Mississippi, based on a highly exaggerated description of his life. His dime novels became very popular and to have more material to add he occasionally traveled through the country.[21] In the story "The Vigilante of Pizen Bluff" by Don Rosa, he is seen appearing at Buffalo Bill's Wild West. After the show's money is stolen by the Dalton Gang, Angus rides out with Bill, Scrooge, P. T. Barnum, Annie Oakley, and Geronimo to stop the bandits.[21] Angus' exact date of death is unknown. In 1955, Porker's nephew, Horseshoe Hogg, and Scrooge McDuck would bring their uncles' steamboats back to the surface to finish the race for Cornpone Gables. Scrooge won, only to learn that 85 years of disuse made the mansion so fragile that he accidentally destroyed it with a sneeze. Fergus McDuck Fergus McDuck (1830-1902[22]) is the second child of Dingus and Molly McDuck and the father of Scrooge McDuck. As such he is a prominent character in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. He was born in Glasgow in 1830 to Dingus McDuck and Molly Mallard, who were both working as coal miners at the time. He spent most of his life as a mill worker.[10] According to a story by William Van Horn, Fergus at some point had a short marriage with an unidentified woman, with whom he had the son Rumpus McFowl.[23] He later married Downy O'Drake, his wife in Rosa's stories, who became the mother of four of his children â Scrooge, Scrooge's Twin Brother "Mani Buche" De' Paperoni, Matilda, and Hortense. An Italian character, Gideon McDuck, might also be a son of Fergus. The rest of Fergus' biography is shown in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. In 1877 he encouraged his son to work to have his own money. Scrooge's obvious intelligence, skill at hard work and ambition made his father believe that Scrooge would be able to restore Clan McDuck to its former glory.[12] In 1885 the Clan's hereditary lands would have been seized due to Fergus' inability to pay his taxes. But Scrooge spent his savings at the time ($10,000) to pay the taxes and become the new owner of their lands.[24] While Scrooge was away, Fergus and his family moved back to Castle McDuck, abandoned for centuries in Dismal Downs. The family continued to work to pay for the taxes and Scrooge sent them most all of the money he earned while traveling. Fergus became a widower in 1897. Scrooge became rich in the Klondike and returned to Scotland in 1902 as a billionaire. Scrooge's intention was originally to settle in Dismal Downs but he quickly changed his mind and decided to settle in the United States. He wanted to take his family with him. His sisters accepted but Fergus decided to stay. He died during the night, aged 67, and was re-united with his wife Downy and the rest of the McDuck-clan as his three children left Scotland.[22] In the NES game DuckTales 2, Scrooge and his nephews found a piece of a treasure map that apparently belonged to Fergus. It claimed to lead to Fergus' lost treasure. However, due to Fergus' inability to pay taxes, it is presumed that this map is not canonical to The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, unless such treasure was obtained later in his life. In Don Rosa's The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home, it's revealed that Fergus tried to find the Knights Templar treasure hidden in the castle McDuck by one of his ancestors, a Knight himself. Even though Fergus decided not to tell Scrooge about the treasure, he learns about it through other ways and, like Matilda McDuck, thinks Fergus kept the secret from him because he disapproved Scrooge. In the middle of their way to the treasure, Scrooge, Matilda and Scrooge's nephews find a letter from Fergus, who believed Scrooge would eventually find it, revealing the reason he hid the secret from Scrooge is that Scrooge would feel better building his own fortune instead of inheriting one.[25] Downy O'Drake Downy McDuck (nĂ©e O'Drake; 1840-1897) is Scrooge McDuck's mother. She was created by Don Rosa and first appears in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. She is of Irish origin and was born in 1840.[22] She married Fergus McDuck and became the mother of five children: Scrooge, De' Paperoni, Matilda, and Hortense. Downy has 2 sisters one named Vera and a brother named Angus. She was a very devoted housewife and mother. She settled in Castle McDuck at Dismal Downs, Clan McDuck's old castle, along with her family in 1885. She died in 1897,[22] and was buried in the McDucks' cemetery.[22] Jake McDuck Jake McDuck (1832-?) is Scrooge McDuck's uncle. He was mentioned in the story "A Christmas for Shacktown" (1952) by Carl Barks, in which Donald Duck dresses up as Jake in an attempt to trick Scrooge into giving money to charity. The character was later used by Don Rosa, and appears in three of twelve original chapters of Rosa's The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. He lived in the same house as his brother Fergus McDuck and helped Fergus and his wife Downy O'Drake to raise their children.[12] He settled in McDuck castle along with his brother in 1885.[24] However, it appears that by 1902, Jake was no longer living there. According to Rosa's sketches and timelines, Jake was born in 1832[10] to coal miners Dingus McDuck and Molly Mallard, and grew up to become a stockyard hand in Glasgow. His date of death is unknown, but it appears that both Scrooge and Donald believed him to be alive in 1952. Modern McDucks (3rd generation) Rumpus McFowl Rumpus McFowl was created by William Van Horn and introduced as a lazy and greedy cousin of Scrooge McDuck. It was soon revealed that he was Scrooge's half-brother. His exact relationship with the other characters is unknown. It has been stated, however, that his mother was briefly married to Fergus McDuck Before he married Downy.(In Giles Maurice's tree she is stated to be Downy's sister) and then adopted by his mother and Mr. McFowl. Scrooge McDuck Main article: Scrooge McDuck Scrooge McDuck (1867,according to Don Rosa) is the first child of Fergus and Downy McDuck and is the protagonist of most stories involving the Clan McDuck. He does not marry and has no offspring of his own, although he does come to maintain close relationships with his nephew Donald Duck and his grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck. "Mani buche" De' Paperoni "Mani buche" De' Paperoni (note "De' Paperoni" is the clan name in Italian) is presented as Scrooge's twin brother in the Italian story "Paperino e l'Uomo del West" (Donald Duck and the Man from the West), written by Guido Martina and drawn by Giovan Battista Carpi. "Mani buche" is a philanthropist and lives in Arizona. In Italian, his name literally means "hands with holes", an idiom used in Italy to portray someone who spends a lot of money (i.e. his hands can't hold the money so it drains away like water). Gideon McDuck Gideon represented in an Italian-made picture, holding a copy of "The Cricket" (Il Grillo Parlante) Gideon McDuck (Gedeone de' Paperoni in original Italian) is presented as Scrooge McDuck's younger brother, and mainly appears in Italian comic stories; in those stories, Gideon is the editor of the newspaper "The Cricket",[26] the most credible newspaper in Duckburg. Gideon also has an antagonistic relationship with his brother Scrooge. The character was created by Romano Scarpa, and first appeared in a story published on February 10, 1956.[26] Gideon's existence is inconsistent with Carl Barks's view of Scrooge as presented in "The Old Castle's Secret".[11] In this story, Scrooge states that he is the last of the Clan McDuck. Though Don Rosa hasn't used him in his family tree or his timelines it has been purposed that he could be an illegitimate son of Fergus McDuck born somewhere between the death of Fergus' wife on 1897 and Fergus' own death on 1902. That would mean that Scrooge is the last legitimate McDuck. Gideon is now considered the last of Fergus' six children and a younger half-brother of Rumpus McFowl, Scrooge McDuck, De' Paperoni McDuck, Matilda McDuck and Hortense McDuck. Matilda McDuck Matilda McDuck (born 1871) is one of Scrooge McDuck's two sisters. She was first mentioned in Carl Barks' 1950s sketch for a Duck family tree, where she was shown to have adopted Gladstone Gander.[27] The Matilda McDuck character was dropped in Barks' 1991 Duck Family Tree sketch (where Gladstone Gander is the biological grandson of Grandma Duck and not related to Scrooge), but Don Rosa picked up the name, and used Matilda McDuck as a prominent character in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. Matilda McDuck was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1871 to Fergus McDuck and Downy O'Drake.[10] She is the younger sister of Scrooge McDuck. She has a younger sister named Hortense. In contrast to Scrooge and Hortense's fiery tempers, she usually had a calm demeanor. In 1902 Scrooge returned to Scotland and took both of his sisters with him to go to America.[22] When he established his base in Duckburg, Calisota, United States he left Matilda and Hortense to run his empire from 1902 to 1930. In the meantime he traveled the world expanding his financial empire. In 1930, a conflict with Scrooge ended all relationships between him and his family, and his sisters are believed to have left Duckburg.[28] In the story The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home (2004), Don Rosa used Matilda McDuck in a non-Life and Times story for the first time. In this story, it is shown that she was hired by her nephew Donald Duck (son of Hortense) to tend the McDuck castle in Scotland. The story shows the reconciliation between Matilda and Scrooge. It is suggested that Donald deliberately set them up for a reunion. Unfortunately, he did not get the thanks he expected. This is the first time Huey, Dewey, and Louie met their great aunt. In that story, Scrooge returns to McDuck Castle for another treasure and learns from Matilda that his family already knew about the treasure but their father Fergus decided not to tell Scrooge about it. Both Scrooge and Matilda thought that was because of Fergus' disapproval of Scrooge's greedy ways but after finding a letter on the way for the treasure (hence the other title "A Letter from Home") they learn Fergus's real motive was the fact he thought Scrooge would feel better building his own fortune instead of simply inheriting one. Matilda, while trying to leave the castle, mentions Hortense. However, in the commentary in the American printing of the story, Don Rosa states that he was prevented from using Hortense because he would have had to explain why she had abandoned her family. So Hortense's fate remains a mystery. In the notes to the Danish publication of the story (Hall of Fame - Don Rosa Book 10), it is stated that the publisher decided that Hortense was "officially dead". Matilda is usually drawn with a flower on her hat, which loses a petal in each panel in which she appears. Don Rosa has suggested that Matilda McDuck could have married the well-known Disney character Ludwig Von Drake.[29] Hortense McDuck Hortense Duck (nĂ©e McDuck; b. 1876) was introduced as a relatively well-connected member of her family. A daughter-in-law to Grandma Duck, a sister to Matilda McDuck and Scrooge McDuck, wife to Quackmore Duck, sister-in-law of Goosetave Gander and Daphne Duck, aunt to Gladstone Gander, mother to Della Duck and Donald Duck, and finally grandmother to Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Hortense was born in 1876 in Glasgow, Scotland as the youngest child of Fergus McDuck and Downy O'Drake. In Barks' tree, her older brother was Scrooge McDuck and her older sister Matilda McDuck. Some non-Barks writers gave Scrooge two half-brothers, Rumpus McFowl and Gideon McDuck, though these do not appear in Barks' conception of the family. De' Paperoni is a twin of Scrooge in a story. Jake McDuck, her paternal uncle, was also living with them. Hortense was born in a working class family living in relative poverty. In 1877 her ten-year-old brother Scrooge started working as a shoe polisher in an effort to help support his family. At the time Hortense was merely an infant sucking on her thumb. She observed from a distance with her father and sister while her brother earned the number one dime. Scrooge would spend some of his leisure time with his younger sisters, and occasionally repaired their dolls. Otherwise Hortense spent most of her time clinging to her older sister. By 1880, Scrooge came to realise that his earnings were not enough despite his hard work and efforts. He emigrated to the United States in hopes of earning his own fortune. He was hired as a cabin boy on a merchant ship heading to New Orleans. Scrooge noted that Hortense's "Bye, Scroogey" were her first spoken words. Before that, all she could say was "glxblt". From an early age it was obvious Hortense had a fairly nasty temper combined with considerable strength, and on at least one occasion (in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, Chapter 10) she has been called a spitfire. In 1882, Scrooge was hired as a cowboy by Murdo MacKenzie. To do this he had to ride Widow Maker, a mare who had already managed to dispose of five other cowboys. Scrooge soon managed to become her rider although he never really managed to tame her. He renamed the horse Hortense after his spirited six-year-old sister. The latter found this idea unflattering at best. In 1885, the Clan McDuck's hereditary lands were in danger of being seized due to her father being unable to pay taxes. The lands also included Dismal Downs, the Clan's castle which had been abandoned since 1675. The Whiskervilles, traditional enemies of the McDucks since the 15th century, planned to gain ownership of the lands and were already trying to plunder the castle and its graveyard in search of old relics and treasure. Fergus and Jake guarded the Castle in order to stop them. Nine-year-old Hortense offered to help them and proved more effective in conflict than either of the elder McDucks. The Whiskervilles came to fear her. In 1902 Scrooge McDuck returned to Scotland to fetch Hortense and their sister Matilda McDuck. When Scrooge established Duckburg, Calisota as his home base he started journeying the world trying to expand his financial empire. One of her proudest moments was when she single handedly caused the entire US military to flee Killmotor Hill armed only with a broom and her bad temper, much to the shame of the current president, Theodore Roosevelt, and the fear of the soldiers. From 1902 till 1930, she and Matilda ran Scrooge's empire from his home base while he was away. During these years Hortense met her boyfriend, Quackmore Duck, whom she married in 1920. Later the same year she gave birth to twins. Her son was named Donald Duck and her daughter Della Duck. Of the two only the boy inherited his mother's temper. A fight with Scrooge in 1930 ended all relationships between Scrooge and his family and she retired. Scrooge may have claimed that he is the last McDuck, as he is the only male left. Hortense and Matilda changed their names to Duck after marriage, so, technically, Scrooge is the last McDuck. Douglas Douglas is a cousin of Scrooge who has appeared in several Danish Disney comic stories. He looks like Scrooge not only in appearance but also in temperament. He is, however, hopeless at finding and identifying gold and often frustrates Scrooge by criticizing him for not being "McDuck-like" enough. In the story "Smarter Than The Toughies", Douglas was portrayed as being the uncle of Whitewater Duck. Lurch McDuck Lurch McDuck, also known as Sheik Beak, is Scrooge's cousin in the 1968 story "The Doony Desert Dilemma" by Vic Lockman and Tony Strobl. An imposter calling himself Lurch McDuck and claiming to be Scrooge's long-lost cousin attempts to defraud Scrooge of half his fortune.[30] Moocher McDuck Moocher McDuck is the beggar cousin of Scrooge who appeared for the first time in the story "Too Many McDucks" by Tony Strobl. Moocher's look is very similar to Scrooge's, except for the fact that he wears tattered clothes, but unlike his very rich cousin, Moocher is a sweetheart. He was used in some Brazilian comic stories in the 1970s. Other relatives Duck family Main article: Duck family (Disney) The Duck family are Scrooge's American relatives and include his nephew Donald and grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie. They are related through Hortense's marriage to Quackmore Duck, Donald's father. Aunt Eider Aunt Eider is the aunt of both Scrooge McDuck and John D. Rockerduck. The Italian story "La Stella di Burbank",[31] where she is portrayed as a myopic old woman who doesn't realize she needs to wear glasses, is presumably her first comic book appearance. But Aunt Eider appears wearing glasses in her next three comic book appearances. Dick Kinney wrote the last three comic stories where this character was used, and three famous cartoonists respectively drew those ones. Al Hubbard, Marco Rota and Giorgio Cavazzano. Neither of these stories was published in America. The story "Most Helpful Aunt Eider" is the only one where Aunt Eider doesn't meet her wealthy nephews. It's a Junior Woodchucks story.[32] Since there isn't any clue on how the tireless and slightly bossy Aunt Eider could be the aunt of both Scrooge and Rockerduck in the comic stories with her, some fans of this universe have invented their own explanations for this fact. It really seems she never had a surname, so she has been connected to Scrooge's family through his paternal grandmother, Molly Mallard, who would be an aunt of Eider. This wouldmake Eider a Mallard too, but, of course, this is not a widely accepted explanation at all. According to this same invented explanation, Aunt Eider would be a sister of Rockerduck's mother. The first version of Scrooge's grandmother, Nonna Jenny, looks like Aunt Eider.[33] She was created by the Italian comic artists Guido Martina and Giovan Battista Carpi especially for the handbook I pensieri di Paperone, first published in 1973.[34] Ludwig Von Drake Main article: Ludwig Von Drake Ludwig Von Drake is Donald Duck's uncle whose relationship has never been consistently described. In one version, Ludwig is married to Matilda McDuck. He has also been portrayed as a bachelor. In other languages Arabic: ŰčŰŽÙ۱۩ ۧÙۚ۷ââ, "The Duck Clan" Bulgarian: ĐĐ°ĐșĐŽŃĐș ŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”ĐčŃŃĐČĐŸŃĐŸ, "Family Makdak" Danish: von And-Klanen Dutch: McDuck clan Finnish: MacAnkan Klaani French: Le clan McPicsou German: Der Duck-Clan Greek: ÎΔΜÎčÎŹ ÏÏÎœ ÎαÎș ÎÏαÎș, "The line of the Mac Ducks" Icelandic: Ăttin AĂ°alönd, "Family Aethalönd". The term Ăttin refers to an extended family, dynasty, or clan. Indonesian: Klan Bebek Italian: Il clan de' Paperoni Norwegian: McDuck-klanen Polish: Klan McKwaczĂłw Portuguese: ClĂŁ Mac Patinhas Spanish: El clan McPato Swedish: Klanen von Anka Turkish: McDuck Klanı In the Dutch and Finnish languages, Scrooge personally drops the "Mac/Mc" from his last name while other members of his family retain it. See also Donald Duck universe: Duck family (Disney) List of Donald Duck universe characters The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Real-life: Rannoch Moor List of Scottish clans List of family seats of Scottish nobility Notes â Rosa, Don (2009). The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck: Volume One. Los Angeles: BOOM KIDS!. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-60886-538-3. â Rosa, Don (2009). "The Last of the Clan McDuck". The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. 1. Los Angeles: BOOM Kids!. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-60886-538-3. â Rosa, Don (2009). "The New Laird of Castle McDuck". The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. 1. Los Angeles: BOOM Kids!. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-60886-538-3. â Rosa, Don (2005). "The Old Castle's Other Secret or A Letter from Home". Uncle Scrooge No. 324. Gemstone Publishing. ISBN 0-911903-76-3. â "The Curse of Castle McDuck". DuckTales. Season 1. Episode 26. 19 October 1987. â House of Tartan: 1080 MacDuck; 1121 MacDuck Final version. â The Clan McDuck: Tartan â Rosa, Don (2009). "The World of the Life of Scrooge". The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. 1. Los Angeles: BOOM Kids!. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-60886-538-3. â I.N.D.U.C.K.S. World-wide database about Disney comics: Advanced Search on: Title = "Storia e gloria della dinastia dei paperi"; Country = "Italy". 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Don Rosa: Birth And Death Dates Of The Ducks, Coots And McDucks 1 2 3 4 5 Carl Barks: The Old Castle's Secret. First published in 1948 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). 1 2 3 4 Don Rosa: "The Last of the Clan McDuck" (part 1 of The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck). First published 1992 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). â Sir Swamphole McDuck's life span is seen on his grave stone as 1161-1221 in the Carl Barks painting Dubious Doings at Dismal Downs. â Carl Barks: "Back to Long Ago!". First published 1956 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry) â Carl Barks: Untitled Uncle Scrooge story, later known as "The Horseradish Story". First published 1953 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). â Rosa, Don. The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. Op Cit. Donald Duck Family Tree, pp. 210-211. â Carl Barks: "Hound of the Whiskervilles". First published 1960 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). â Giles Maurice: Family trees, Dingus McDuck, Titus McDuck, Abner "Whitewater" Duck [to Don Rosa] â Carl Barks: "The Heirloom Watch". First published 1955 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). 1 2 Don Rosa: "The Master of the Mississippi" (chapter 2 of The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. First published 1992 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). 1 2 Don Rosa: "The Vigilante of Pizen Bluff". First published 1996 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Don Rosa: "The Billionaire of Dismal Downs" (part 9 of The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck). First published 1993 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). â William Van Horn: "Secrets". First published 1998 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). 1 2 Don Rosa: "The New Laird of Castle McDuck" (part 5 of The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck). First published 1993 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry). â Don Rosa: "A Letter From Home". First published 2004 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry) 1 2 Romano Scarpa: "Paperino e i gamberi in salmĂŹ". First published 1956 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry) â Carl Barks' Duck Family Trees â Don Rosa: "The Richest Duck in the World" (chapter 11 of The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck). First published 1994 (I.N.D.U.C.K.S. entry) â Don Rosa: "How the Duck Family Tree was grown" (1995). Article in Walt Disney's Comics #600 There has been some debate as to whether there was such a marriage, and about whether it ended in Von Drake's death, or in divorce. â nafsk.se/pipermail/dcml/2003-September.txtâ Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The star of Burbank (title translated from Italian reprint) â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Most Helpful Aunt Eider â Coa Inducks - Page for Giovan Battista Carpi's Gallery â 'I Pensieri Di Paperone' di Guido Martina External links Various Duck family trees with commentary. Disney core universe characters Primary Mickey MouseDonald DuckMinnie MouseDaisy DuckPlutoGoofyPeteOswald the Lucky Rabbit Secondary JosĂ© CariocaChip 'n' DaleClarabelle CowMagica De SpellDarkwing DuckGyro GearlooseFlintheart GlomgoldMax GoofHorace HorsecollarHuey, Dewey, and Louie DuckHumphrey the BearJiminy CricketPete JuniorScrooge McDuckThe Phantom BlotPanchito PistolesJohn D. RockerduckLudwig Von Drake Groups The Beagle BoysMickey Mouse universe characters Mickey Mouse familyDonald Duck universe characters Duck familyClan McDuckEvronianiDuckTales characters This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/27/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files. This snapshot was generated and distributed by the Distributed Wikipedia Mirror project The Distributed Wikipedia Mirror is a global effort, independent from Wikipedia. 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đ The Global Network đDuck family (Disney) Lavender and Old Lace by Carl Barks; from left to right: (standing) Scrooge McDuck, Grandma Duck, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Gladstone Gander; (seated) Huey, Louie, and Dewey Duck; (foreground) Gyro Gearloose (unrelated) and Gus Goose The Duck family is a fictional family of cartoon ducks related to Disney character Donald Duck. The family is also related to the Coot, Goose, and Gander families, as well as the Scottish Clan McDuck. Besides Donald, the best-known members of the Duck family are Huey, Dewey, and Louie, Donald's three nephews. Members of the Duck family appear most extensively in Donald Duck comic stories (although some have made animated appearances). In 1993, American comics author Don Rosa published a Duck family tree which established each characters' relationships for purposes of his stories. Rosa even created a fictional timeline for when certain characters were born. (All birth/death dates given below are Rosa's.) Some other comics authors, both before and after Rosa's family tree, have shown variations in the family. Development Carl Barks (left) and Don Rosa (right) In the early 1950s Carl Barks was in his second decade of creating comic book stories starring Donald Duck and his various relatives. He had personally created several of the latter, Scrooge McDuck and Gladstone Gander being the most notable among them, but the exact relation between them was still somewhat uncertain. Barks decided to create a personal version of their Family tree. To better define their relations, he added several previously unknown relatives. Barks never intended to publish this family tree, as he had created it for his personal use. The first public attempt at a coherent biography of the ducks was published in 1974. An Informal Biography of Scrooge McDuck by science fiction author Jack Chalker used names and events in the Barks stories (and a very few non-Barks ones) to create a life story for McDuck. It provided the basis for a Scrooge biography included in The People's Almanac.[1] By 1978 the Duck family was ingrained sufficiently in popular culture that a character in the movie Corvette Summer quips "Just call me Gladstone Duck" after being lucky.[2] In 1981 Barks was well into his retirement but his stories remained popular and had gained him unexpected fame. He had given several interviews and answered questions about his personal views on the characters and their stories. Among other subjects, Backs described his early version of the family tree. Rough sketches of the tree were published in a number of fanzines. Fans of the characters were pleased for the background it added to them. At this point Mark Worden decided to create a drawing of this family tree including portraits of the characters mentioned. Otherwise Worden made few changes to the tree, most notably adding Daisy Duck as Donald's main love interest. His illustrated version of the tree was published at first in several fanzines and later in the Carl Barks Library. The later was a ten-volume collection of his works in hardcover black-and-white edition. In 1987 Don Rosa, a long-time fan of Carl Barks and personal friend of Mark Worden, started creating his own stories featuring Scrooge McDuck and his various associates. His stories contained numerous references to older stories by Barks as well as several original ideas. After several years he gained a fanbase of his own. In the early 1990s Egmont, the publishing house employing Don Rosa, offered him an ambitious assignment. He was to create the definitive version of Scrooge's biography and a family tree accompanying it. This was supposed to end decades of contradictions between stories which caused confusion to readers. The project was to become The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The family tree accompanying it was first published in Norway on July 3, 1993. In the process of working on Scrooge's biography, Rosa studied Barks' old stories mentioning his past. Then he added several ideas of his own. Among them were biographical information for Scrooge's supporting cast. In a way Scrooge's biography was also their own biography. Family tree by Carl Barks The family tree below shows the Goose (left) and Duck (right) portions of Donald's family tree according to Carl Barks. The chart is based on a 1950s sketch made by Barks for personal use, which was latter illustrated by artist Mark Worden in 1981.[3] Family tree by Carl Barks ? Goose Grandma Duck Clan McDuck ? Goose Luke Goose Daphne Duck Quackmore Duck Hortense McDuck Gus Goose Gladstone Gander (nĂ© Goose) Daisy Duck Donald Duck Thelma Duck Huey, Dewey, and Louie Family tree by Don Rosa In 1993, Don Rosa published his version of the Duck family tree as part of his 12-part comics series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The most significant change was Rosa's expansion of the family tree to include the Coot relatives. Rosa also added Goostave Gander as the father of Gladstone, and made Luke Goose the father of Gus, rather than his uncle. The chart below is Rosa's tree which shows relationships within the Coot family (left) and Duck family (right). Family tree by Don Rosa Cornelius Coot Pintail Duck (ancestor) Clinton Coot Gertrude Gadwall Gretchen Grebe Casey Coot Elvira Coot "Grandma Duck" Humperdink Duck Clan McDuck Luke Goose Fanny Coot Cuthbert Coot Lulubelle Loon Eider Duck Goostave Gander Daphne Duck Quackmore Duck Hortense McDuck Gus Goose Abner "Whitewater" Duck Fethry Duck Gladstone Gander Donald Duck Thelma "Della" Duck Huey, Dewey, and Louie Ancestors Pintail Duck was a 16th-century Duck relative and the first early ancestor to appear in person. Pintail served in the English Navy as the boatswain aboard the HMS Falcon Rover. The Falcon Rover raided Spanish targets in the Caribbean Sea between 1563 and 1564 when the ship was sunk. Pintail was friends with the ship's first mate, Malcolm McDuck, who was also an ancestor of Donald. Pintail appears in the story "Back to Long Ago" (1956) in which it is suggested that he was an earlier incarnation of Donald. First generation Humperdink Duck Humperdink Duck is the earliest known modern Duck family member. He is the husband of Elvira Coot, known as "Grandma Duck", and Donald's grandfather. He worked as a farmer in Duckburg. He had three children: Quackmore, Daphne and Eider. Humperdink Duck had relevant comic appearances in two stories by Don Rosa. "The Invader Of Fort Duckburg",[4] a chapter of the saga The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, and "The Sign Of The Triple Distelfink".[5] He was known as "Pa Duck" (later known as "Grandpa Duck"). Humperdink's life before having a family was never shown in the comics. Don Rosa speculated that the Duck family originated from England, but it is unknown if Humperdink is an immigrant.[6] In the story "The Good Old Daze" by Tony Strobl,[7] Grandpa Duck (an older Humperdink) appears in flashback taking care of little Donald along with Grandma. He's portrayed as a dedicated but rigorous grandfather. Grandpa's real name wasn't revealed in this story, but in an untitled one from 1951, where an old lover of Grandma called Humperdink has a cameo appearance. Don Rosa considered that this character became Donald's grandfather.[8] In this same story, Grandma remembers an occasion where she and Humperdink heard one of her favorite songs. She says to herself, "I remember the band played that for Humperdink and me at the Fish Peddler's Picnic in 1905!". Besides, Grandma finds the ruined coat Humperdink had used to let her not step on a mud puddle and some romantic letters addressed to her written by Humperdink. Then she remembers some sweet names Humperdink used to refer to her in those letters. Humperdink appeared as "Grandpa Duck" in two comic stories previously mentioned. "The Good Old Daze" by Strobl and "The Sign Of The Triple Distelfink" by Rosa, but Strobl drew him with a quite long beard and some hair, while Rosa has drawn him with a short one and a full head of hair. In a comic story first published in 2013 Grandpa Duck (Strobl's version) appears in a flashback scene which is told by his wife Grandma Duck. This story is called "The Good Neighbors" by Lars Jensen and Flemming Andersen and makes part of the comic subseries Tamers of Nonhuman Threats.[9] Humperdink appears unnamed in the 1955 film No Hunting in which he posthumously inspires Donald to take part in hunting season. Grandma Duck Grandma Duck and Gus Goose, drawn by Frank McSavage. Elvira "Grandma" Duck (nĂ©e Coot;[10] born October[11] c. 1855) is Donald's grandmother and the Duck family matriarch. In most stories, she is simply referred to as "Grandma Duck". She was introduced to the Disney comic universe by Al Taliaferro and Bob Karp in the Donald Duck newspaper comic strip, first in a picture on the wall in the August 11, 1940, Sunday page, and then as fully fledged character in the strip of Monday, September 27, 1943.[12] Taliaferro found inspiration for her in his own mother-in-law, Donnie M. Wheaton. Depending on the writer, Grandma Duck has had various given names over the years; in a story by Riley Thomson from 1950 she was named "Elviry"[13] and in a story from 1953 she was given the name "Abigail".[11] Don Rosa later gave her the name "Elvira" in his comic books series The Life and times of Scrooge McDuck. According to Don Rosa, Grandma was born around 1855. In the comic strips by Taliaferro and Karp, it is mentioned that in her youth she was a pioneer in the American migration to the west, riding a covered wagon and participating in many Indian Wars.[14][15] Later, she married Humperdink Duck, and they had three children named Quackmore (Donald's father), Daphne (Gladstone's mother) and Eider (Fethry's father). Grandma Duck also helped to raise her great-grandchildren, Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck. In most comic book stories as well as other media that handles Donald Duck's childhood, it is Grandma Duck who takes on the role as his caretaker. Grandma is very kindhearted and humble as well as having great respect for integrity and hard work. However, she is also very resolute and will not tolerate people who behave unfairly or otherwise badly. Therefore, she is one of the very few people who can rebuke against Scrooge McDuck when he is being to greedy, or thrifty, or behaves unfairly to family members like Donald Duck. Her family is very important to her and probably what she values most in life. Grandma is also a great cook, and has won many prizes for her pies and pastries. In many stories, especially in her early appearances, she is also very strict about cleanliness. In her first appearance for example, she is very upset with Donald for not having washed his neck properly.[16] Grandma Duck lives on a farm with many acres of land, given to her by her father Clinton Coot,[17] outside the city of Duckburg. She is very strict and punctual on how to run the farm efficiently, like always getting up very early in the morning to have time to do all the chores, which is an attitude not shared by her great-nephew and farmhand Gus Goose. Gus is very lazy and doesn't do much work at all, spending most of his time eating or sleeping instead, but Grandma is very patient with him and lets him stay on the farm anyway. In some stories, especially older ones, Grandma Duck also gets help from Gus and Jaq, the two mice from Cinderella. She also has a number of farm animals; including Billy Goat, the cows Bossy and Queenie, a bull named Angus, the hens Eggatha, Steady Heddy and Henrietta, and a horse named Dobbin. At one time, in Carl Barks' story The Whole Herd of Help (1961), she is even given an elephant named Packy by Scrooge McDuck, mostly because he wanted to get it off his hands. Grandma also has a few distant farmer neighbors and the most notable is farmer Si Bumpkin, a tall anthropomorphic chicken, who is easily annoyed when he in some way is affected by disturbances on Grandma's farm, which often caused by her family or friends. Her farm is also the center of the Duck family's annual holiday gatherings, with said gatherings usually arranged by her, and these are always merry, warm and interesting occasions, greatly appreciated by her kinfolk. Grandma's vehicle of transportation outside the farm is an early 20th century Detroit Electric automobile and for overall she lives a very old-fashioned way of life, mostly relying on older technologies, techniques and experiences she has learned over her many years, refusing to acquire any modern gadgetry or lifestyles. For example, as instead of watching her television set she got from Donald for Christmas, she watches pictures on her old stereoscope.[18] In a few stories however she does watch the weather program on an old television set, but in most stories she relies on her knee or hip, caused by weather pain, to predict rain for the crops. Typically, the only thing that runs on electricity in her house is a late 19th century telephone. Grandma Duck also owns furniture and home accessories that are very valuable as antiques but she always refuses to sell them because of the sentimental value they have to her. In some stories this causes some people to try to steal them but thereafter they are often apprehended because of Grandma's superior intellect or her reliance on her life's experiences. Grandma made her animated debut in the 1960 Wonderful World of Color episode "This is Your Life, Donald Duck", where she was voiced by June Foray. The episode depicted her great difficulty in raising Donald, a strong-willed and ill-tempered duckling from the moment he was hatched. She also made a non-speaking cameo in Mickey's Christmas Carol, as well can be spotted in background in episode of DuckTales "Horse Scents". In The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck by Don Rosa, it is told that her father is Clinton Coot, her mother is Gertrude Gadwall, her grandfather is Cornelius Coot, and her brother is Casey Coot. In older Italian stories (including Marco Rota's From Egg to Duck), she is sometimes shown as Scrooge McDuck's sister, but this tradition is no longer alive. Occasionally they have also been portrayed as being cousins, another now rarely enforced tradition. The "truth" is that Scrooge is the brother of Grandma's daughter-in-law. Second generation Quackmore Duck Quackmore Duck (born 1875) is the father of Donald Duck. His parents are Humperdink and Elvira "Grandma" Duck. He was born in Duckburg, and from and early age displayed a very nasty temper. He worked at his parents' farm till 1902 when he met Hortense McDuck and they became engaged. He started working for her brother Scrooge McDuck. By 1908 he was helping Hortense and her sister Matilda McDuck run their brother's empire as Scrooge's chief accountant, mainly because Scrooge thought that as a possible heir he would probably work hard and stay honest. In 1920 he finally married Hortense and later in the same year became the father of twins: Donald and Della. So he and Hortense became parents when they already were more than 40 years old, according to Don Rosa. He remained the chief accountant till 1930 when a fight between Scrooge and his family ended all relationships between them. Quackmore retired and it is believed he died sometimes around 1950, although his exact date of death and death place are still unknown. "I shudder to imagine the kid that would come from that unholy union!", exclaimed Humperdink in "The Invader Of Fort Duckburg" by Don Rosa, predicting the type of child his grandson Donald would be because of the explosive temperaments of Quackmore and his wife Hortense. There is a panel in "The Sign Of The Triple Distelfink" by Rosa where Humperdink is behind Quackmore and Hortense during the birthday party of his daughter Daphne Duck, and his facial expression suggests he is disappointed with an argument between the couple. Since both characters have a quick temper, their marriage possibly was full of ups and downs. Hortense McDuck Main article: Clan McDuck § Hortense McDuck Hortense Duck (nĂ©e McDuck; born 1876) is the wife of Quackmore Duck and Donald's mother. She was born in Scotland and is the youngest sister of Scrooge McDuck. Daphne Duck Daphne Gander (nĂ©e Duck) is Donald's aunt and the mother of Gladstone Gander. In the story "The Sign of The Triple Distelfink" (1998), Don Rosa explains that Gladestone's good luck was inherited from his mother, after a traveling worker painted a giant sign of the "Triple Distelfink" on her parents' stable on the day of her birth. The symbol was supposed to bring the baby luck, and it did: Daphne was always incredibly lucky. She worked in her parents' farm until at least 1902. Later, she stopped working and started living on the things she won in contests. She married Goosetave Gander, and in 1920 became the mother of Gladstone Gander. Gladstone was born on her birthday and under the protection of the same symbol as his mother. Eider Duck Eider Duck is Donald's uncle. He was first mentioned in August 1944 in the story "The Fighting Falcon" by Carl Barks. In this story, Donald receives a falcon called Farragut as a present by his Uncle Eider who does not live in Duckburg. Farragut arrives inside a big box brought to Donald's house by an expressman. Barks never mentioned Eider again but Don Rosa decided to include him in his Duck Family Tree. According to Rosa, Eider is the son of Humperdink and Elvira Duck and the father of Abner and Fethry Duck. As of 1902, he worked on his parents' farm. He later married Lulubelle Loon and became the father of at least two sons, Abner "Whitewater" Duck and Fethry Duck. Lulubelle Loon Lulubelle Duck (nĂ©e Loon) is the wife of Eider Duck and the mother of Abner and Fethry Duck, according to Don Rosa's version of the Duck family tree. She doesn't have any comic appearance so far, not even a cameo one. Sheriff Dan Duck Sheriff Dan Duck (aka Cousin Dan) is an old cousin of Donald who happens to be sheriff of a Western town called Bent Spur Gulch. Dan originally has thick, dark-grey eyebrows, a long, dark-grey mustache and long, dark-grey hair on the left and right sides of his head. He is generally shown holding a crutch. He appeared in two comic stories, "Daredevil Deputy" by Jack Bradbury,[19] where he asks Donald to replace him while he recovers from "a touch of rheumatism", and "Trigger Gulch Gang" by Tony Strobl,[20] where he has only a brief appearance on the first page. Dan Duck is presumably first cousin once removed of Donald because of his advanced age. A remake of "Daredevil Deputy" was drawn by Chilean cartoonist Vicar for the Danish publisher Egmont. It's called "Sheriff for a Day", first published in 1978.[21] Third generation Donald Duck Main article: Donald Duck Donald Duck (born 1920) is the son of Quackmore and Hortense Duck, and the most well-known member of the family. His girlfriend is Daisy Duck. He does not have any children of his own, but he is very close with his nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie. In some stories Donald is the triplet's legal guardian, such as in the 1942 film The New Spirit in which Donald lists the boys as dependants on his income tax form. Della Duck Della Duck (called Dumbella in Donald's Nephews; born 1920) is the mother of Huey, Dewey, and Louie. She is first described as Donald's cousin, but was later Donald's twin sister. She was first mentioned in a 1937 Donald Duck Sunday strip on October 17, 1937 in which she writes a letter explaining to Donald that she is sending her sons to stay with him. She appears as a child in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck in which she and Donald are wearing identical sailor suits. Both she and Donald are linked to Scrooge McDuck in equal measure, and yet Donald is always referred to as Scrooge's closest living relative, suggesting she has disappeared or died. A story about Donald Duck's 80th birthday says Della was an astronaut and gave the nephews to Donald before a dangerous space expedition.[22] Fethry Duck Fethry Duck Donald's cousin Fethry Duck was created for the Disney Studio Program by Dick Kinney and Al Hubbard and was first used in the story "The Health Nut", published on August 2, 1964. Kinney and Hubbard created Fethry to be a beatnik member of the Duck family; the definition of that termâ"a person who rejects or avoids conventional behavior"âis Fethry to a tee. In personality, Fethry is an obsessive New Age thinker, eagerly trying to pursue various new hobbies and lifestyles based on books he has read or TV programs he has seen. Fethry is also quite a blunderer, however, so his new hobbies tend to cause chaos for his friends and family. In "The Health Nut," Fethry is first seen running from the airport to Donald's house, implying he isn't a Duckburg citizen at that point in time. It is also implied that Donald and Fethry know each other from earlier: Fethry calls Donald by a nickname, "Don." Elsewhere in the story, Donald thinks to himself, "Wonder what [Fethry's] kick is this time?", making it clear that he knows about Fethry's tendency to come up with temporary obsessions every now and then. Fethry wears a stocking cap, for reasons revealed in "The Health Nut": he was convinced by a self-help book author that one's head is healthier when it's kept hot. Fethry's trademark sweater, usually bearing a black stripe, is typically a different color depending on which country the story is published in: in Brazil, his sweater is generally yellow; in the Italian comics, he usually wears a red one; and, in the comic books of Egmont Publishing, the traditional color of his sweater is pink. The early Fethry comics were created for the Disney Studio Program for publication outside of the United States. An exception to this are three stories with Fethry drawn by Tony Strobl that appeared in Gold Key Comics published in 1966 (Donald Duck #105 and #106 plus Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #304). Strobl actually drew more than two hundred comic stories with Fethry for the market outside USA. The first comic story with Fethry published in the USA was "Donald's Buzzin Cousin",[23] whichâlike "The Health Nut"âshows Fethry as a nonresident of Duckburg coming to meet Donald after a long time away, though the plot is otherwise very different. Later, some of the Fethry Studio Program stories were reprinted in the Wonderful World of Disney giveaway magazine published in 1969â1970 for Gulf Oil. From the 1970s to the 1990s, Fethry mostly appeared in European- and Brazilian-produced stories; in Brazil, he even had his own comic book title during the 1980s, which lasted 56 issues. More recently (2003âpresent), Fethry's modern Egmont and 1960s Kinney/Hubbard stories have been published in domestic American comics: Uncle Scrooge and Walt Disney's Comics and Stories. Hubbard and Kinney developed more than fifty comic stories with Fethry, originally for the market outside USA.[24] Nevertheless, they did see publication in English at the time: the vast majority were published in Australia between 1964 and 1969, often in one-shot comics billed Donald and Fethry Duckâsuggesting a comedic duoâor simply Fethry Duck.[25][26] In Brazilian and Italian stories, Fethry is depicted in various occupations, including as a reporter (alongside his cousin Donald Duck and, sometimes, Daisy Duck) and comic strip artist for Scrooge McDuck's newspaper, the Duckburg Chronicle. Fethry has also gained a superheroic alter ego, The Red Bat (parody of Batman, like Donald's Paperinik), and a number of supporting characters, among them his girlfriend the urban hippie Gloria and his nephew the bratty Dugan Duck. After discovering Fethry is The Red Bat, Gloria also decided to become a superhero herself, so The Purple Butterfly (presumably a parody of Batgirl) was born, and she eventually ends up saving The Red Bat when he's in a jam. Gloria wears a hippie-like style of clothing and she usually is a carefree girl. She appeared as one of Daisy Duck's closest friends in some stories. But according to a couple of old Brazilian stories, Gloria wasn't the first and only love of Fethry. He had a girlfriend called Rita Gansa (original Brazilian name) whom he really liked before knowing Gloria.[27] Like Gladstone Gander, Rita looks like a mix between an anthropomorphic duck and an anthropomorphic goose. She was actually Fethry's childhoold classmate. There is even one story where Gloria and Rita contest against each other to know who is Red Bat's biggest fan. According to a version of Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree, Fethry is the son of Eider Duck and Lulubelle Loon, is the cousin of Donald Duck, and has a brother named Abner Duck. However, since Fethry was not created by Carl Barks and was never used in any Barks stories, Rosa does not consider Fethry part of the Duck family. Be that as it may, due to editorial pressure stemming from the character's popularity in Europe, Rosa reluctantly included him in the tree anyway.[28] With Donald, Fethry is a member of the Tamers of Nonhuman Threats, a special super-secret organization fighting hostile paranormal creatures of all sorts to protect the earth. These stories are all produced by Danish creative house Egmont Creative A/S and drawn by Flemming Andersen. They are published in pocketbooks. Fethry also works, again together with Donald, for Scrooge McDuck's secret organization, originally (in Italian) called the P.I.A.. Besides, he started starring stories as an assistant of the detective Umperio Bogarto (an Italian character whose name is a play on "Humphrey Bogart") on 1996 and as Moby Duck's First Mate in the early 2000s.[29] In earlier times, Egmont used Fethry very seldom; from the late 1990s, however, Egmont decided to bring back the character and create a whole range of new stories around him, this time based on the original 1960s concept of the character. Donald has often teamed up with Fethry to do all sort of jobs for Scrooge (usually with disastrous results), with Donald being the "straight man" and Fethry the "funny man". These terms are rather loosely applied, however, insofar as Donald's reactions to Fethry, and attempts to neutralize him, are often every bit as funny as Fethry's doings. In 1970s stories drawn by Tony Strobl, Fethry is the owner of an over-friendly dog named Poochie. Some Brazilian cartoonists also used Fethry's little-known pet.[30] Whitewater Duck Whitewater Duck was created by Carl Barks and used by him only in the story "Log Jockey", published in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #267 on December, 1962. According to that story, he is a distant cousin of Donald,[31] and works as a lumberjack in the woods. Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree states that Whitewater's real name is Abner, and "Whitewater" is a nickname. He is also shown to be a son of Eider Duck and Lulubelle Loon and Fethry Duck's brother, making him Donald's first cousin. Nevertheless, the changes of Whitewater's original name and his kinship to Donald are not largely accepted.[32] His second appearance in "Smarter Than The Toughies" (published in the USA in Uncle Scrooge No. 349) by Lars Jensen and Daniel Branca, Whitewater is the nephew of Scrooge McDuck's cousin Douglas, making him Donald's second cousin. In his third appearance in "Too Many Donalds" (as of July 2013 unpublished in the USA) by Lars Jensen and Carlos Mota, Whitewater was in a relationship with Donna Duck. In this story, Donald introduces Whitewater to Daisy as his distant cousin. Dudly D. Duck Dudly D. Duck is a cousin of Donald who appears in the comic story "Why All the Crabby Ducks?" by Vic Lockman and Mike Arens.[33] He is a flopped architect and inventor who was responsible for the construction of the "Jog Tunnel", which annoys the citizens of Duckburg because it really has a jog in it, and for the bad planning of Duckburg's streets. Therefore, Dudly became very unpopular and was forced to live isolated in a lonely street, including his name was forgotten until the day that Donald discovers who planned the "Jog Tunnel", and then his girlfriend Daisy Duck reveals who is Dudly Duck through the newspaper where she works as reporter. A reporter rival of Daisy ends up discovering that Dudly is related to Donald, who in turn becomes unpopular too. Dudly appears in a Brazilian comic story where Fethry Duck works as reporter of Scrooge's newspaper, the Duckburg Chronicle, and he intends to interview Dudly, who is returning to Duckburg. He also had a cameo appearance in another Brazilian comic story where Gyro Gearloose is called by the Mayor of Duckburg (a dogface version) to fix a sinking building planned by Dudly. Actually, this building originally appeared in "Why All the Crabby Ducks?". Fourth generation Huey, Dewey and Louie Duck Main article: Huey, Dewey, and Louie Huey, Dewey, and Louis Duck are Donald's three nephews and identical triplet sons of Della Duck and an unnamed father. Phooey Duck is a tongue-in-cheek name for a non-existent fourth nephew of Donald Duck who was sometimes drawn by accident.[34] The name was coined by Disney comic editor Bob Foster. "Aw, phooey" is also one of Donald's catch phrases. Dugan Duck Dugan Duck is Fethry Duck's nephew who is a little bit younger than Huey, Dewey and Louie. According to the Brazilian comic story "O Nascimento Do Biquinho",[35] he is the first nephew of Fethry, being son of his sister, who lives in the periphery of Duckburg. Since Eider and Lulubelle, Fethry's official parents, apparently don't have a daughter, Dugan's mother could be a child from a previous union of Lulubelle. Dugan originally owned yellow feathers, an uncommon characteristic for Disney Ducks given by his Brazilian creators, which was authorized by Disney Publishing Worldwide. He's a stubborn child whose most common activity is to cause troubles for his Uncle Fethry, who adopted Dugan after he and his girlfriend Gloria rescued him from a forest. Dugan's most frequent partner is usually a little pignose girl called Cintia, whose mother happens to be Fethry's neighbor and she really dislikes Dugan. He made a huge success in Brazil during the 1980s, when his charismatic figure was quite explored by Brazilian cartoonists, but he practically disappeared from the Brazilian comics in the next decade. Some Italian cartoonists have been used Dugan once in a while, but he just appears with white feathers in Italian comics. Coot kin The Coot family, typically called the Coot kin in stories, are the relatives of Grandma Duck and, along with the Clan McDuck, comprise the third major branch of Donald's family tree. The name "Coot" was used by several comic authors including Carl Barks, but Don Rosa was the first to show their relationship to Donald. The members of the family are depicted as white Pekin ducks like Donald, although real-life coots are typically black. Cornelius Coot Cornelius Coot (1790â1880) founded Duckburg (and the real-world, but since closed Mickey's Toontown Fair at the Magic Kingdom). He first appeared as a statue in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #138 in the 1952 story "Statuesque Spendthrifts" by Carl Barks. His statue and legacy has later appeared in many other stories. Although Cornelius was a well-known figure to readers of Disney comics, his character history was not told until Don Rosa began using the character in the late 1980s. The following history is mainly based on Rosa's stories, especially "His Majesty, McDuck", first published in Uncle Scrooge Adventures #14. Cornelius Coot was born in 1790 as an American citizen. His ancestors had been in America for quite some time and his roots are believed to reach to the colonization of Jamestown, Virginia (1607) and the voyage of the Mayflower (1620). But he is the first member of the Coot Kin to gain prominence. His birthplace is unknown and before reaching Duckburg he was a wandering hunter. He apparently had travelled all the way from the East to the West coast making his living by trading furs from the animals he killed. He arrived at Fort Drake Borough, a British military base in Calisota, in 1818. He was apparently only looking for some trading with the soldiers, but his life took some unexpected turns. During his stay the Fort was attacked by Spanish troops from neighbouring California (the fictional Calisota includes parts historically belonging to Northern California. The Duck's version of California only includes the historical Southern California). The small British garrison could not defend the Fort and decided to retreat. To save face the commander made a deal with young Cornelius. The Fort would pass into his possession and if the Spanish managed to conquer it, he and his troops had nothing to do with the failure other than trusting an insane American to guard. Cornelius agreed. After the escape of the British he managed to frighten the Spanish away by making them believe that British reinforcements were approaching by popping some sweetcorn. (His statue depicts this.) The abandoned Fort was now Cornelius's and he had big plans for it. He renamed it Fort Duckburg and turned it into a trading camp for hunters. Soon enough, some of them began to settle down and start their own families. Cornelius started his own farm and started acting as the leader of the new settlement. Pretty soon, a village was flourishing in Duckburg. Calisota was annexed into the new independent state of Mexico in 1821 but Duckburg acted much as a city state. It had its own laws, its own leaders and thanks to Cornelius its own defense force. Cornelius organized the citizens that could carry weapons into the Woodchuck Militia, a force that would guard the territory from any threat, including any conflicts with the Native Americans of the area. Cornelius turned the old Fort into the militia's base. He personally supervised the repairs to the Fort and had the idea to build tunnels under the Fort so that even during a siege they could still move in and out of the Fort. Besides the tunnel they made, they found an already existing tunnel built by Fenton Penworthy and his men in 1579 after the Fort was built. Cornelius explored the tunnel. He found the body of the long-dead Fenton and gave him a proper burial. He also found the information on the Guardians of the Lost Library. He found and kept the book written by Fenton and containing the secret knowledge of the Guardians. Apparently he appointed himself the next Guardian, the first after Fenton. Cornelius had managed to pipe mountain water into the village. He was a capable leader and managed to improve his settlers' relationships with the Native Americans over time, and according to Gilles Maurice's non-canonical Duck Family Tree Cornelius married a Native American woman named Pluckahontas. They had their only known son Clinton Coot in 1830. Through the rest of his life Cornelius continued to act as Duckburg's unofficial leader. Even when Calisota and neighbouring California were annexed to the USA in 1848 nothing truly changed in Duckburg. When Cornelius died in 1880, aged 90, he was a very respected family man but over time he has been honored by the citizens of Duckburg as the "father" of the city. The old hunter has gained legendary status in Calisota. A statue of Cornelius holding an ear of corn is present in Mickey's Toontown Fair in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom. Before 1996, the land was known as Mickey's Birthdayland/Starland, and was set in the city of Duckburg. Clinton Coot Clinton Coot (1830-1910)[36] was first mentioned in Uncle Scrooge Adventures #27 in the story "Guardians of the Lost Library", first published in July, 1994. There he was introduced as the son of Cornelius Coot and the founder of The Junior Woodchucks, inspired by the book given to him by his father. In The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck it is revealed that he is the father of Grandma Duck. In Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree, Clinton is married to Gertrude Gadwall and their two children are Grandma Duck (Elvira Coot) and Casey Coot. He is named after Bill Clinton, who was running for President of the United States when Don Rosa created the character.[37] Gertrude Gadwall Gertrude Coot (nĂ©e Gadwall) is the wife of Clinton Coot and the mother of Casey and Elvira Coot ("Grandma Duck"). Like Lulubelle Loon, Gertrude has appeared only in Don Rosa's version of the Duck family tree. Casey Coot Casey Coot (1860-c. 1960)[36] first appeared in "Last Sled to Dawson", first published in June, 1988. He is introduced as an unsuccessful gold prospector and friend of Scrooge McDuck during his years in Klondike. In need of money he sold to the significantly more successful Scrooge McDuck his share in Duckburg, Calisota, USA. His share included "Killmule Hill" which renamed to "Killmotor Hill" comprises the land where Scrooge's money bin stands on. He later appeared in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Part 8 and Hearts of the Yukon. In The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Part 10 it is revealed that he and Grandma Duck are brother and sister. In Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree he is featured as a grandson of Cornelius Coot, a son of Clinton Coot and Gertrude Gadwall. He married to Gretchen Grebe and they had at least two kids named Fanny and Cuthbert Coot, being the maternal grandfather of Fanny's son Gus Goose. Gretchen Grebe Gretchen Coot (nĂ©e Grebe) is the wife of Casey Coot, the mother of Cuthbert and Fanny Coot, and the maternal grandmother of Gus Goose. Fanny Coot Fanny Coot is the mother of Donald's cousin Gus Goose and she was first mentioned in the Donald Duck comic strip of May 9, 1938 by Bob Karp & Al Taliaferro where Gus first appeared. But Gus's mother's surname wasn't revealed in this comic strip, where she identifies herself in a letter to Donald as "Aunt Fanny".[38] So she was originally sister of one of Donald's parents. In Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree she is featured as a daughter of Casey Coot and his wife Gretchen Grebe, and so a niece of Elvira Coot, Donald's paternal grandmother, and first cousin of Donald's father, Quackmore Duck. It's possible to consider that Quackmore had a high regard for his cousin Fanny, and for this reason Donald was taught to treat her as aunt. Fanny also had a brother named Cuthbert Coot and she married Luke the Goose, and then became the mother of Gus Goose. Cuthbert Coot Cuthbert Coot was introduced in the story "Webfooted Wrangler," first published in April 1945, as a distant cousin of Donald Duck and a rancher. In Don Rosa's Duck family tree he is included as a member of the Coot Kin as son of Casey Coot and Gretchen Grebe. Kildare Coot Kildare Coot was introduced by artist Romano Scarpa as a highly eccentric fourth cousin of Donald Duck in the story "Sgrizzo, il papero piĂč balzano del mondo" (roughly translated as "Kildare Coot, the weirdest duck in the world"), first published on October 25, 1964. Though his exact relationship to Donald remains uncertain his last name suggests he belongs to the Coot Kin and that he is related to Donald through Elvira Coot, Donald's paternal grandmother. Curiously, Kildare usually treats Gideon McDuck, Scrooge's half-brother, as his uncle. He calls Gideon 'Zio', which means uncle in Italian.[39] Kildare and his fellow Andy Ascott (original Italian name) appear as reporters of Gideon's newspaper, The Cricket, in some Italian stories. Goose family Luke Goose Luke Goose (sometimes called Luke the Goose) is the father of Donald's cousin Gus Goose. He was originally supposed to be Gladstone Gander's father,[40][41] Daphne Duck's husband and Gus's uncle, but Carl Barks later changed his mind, making Goosetave Gander (who was originally Gladstone's adoptive father after Luke and Daphne "overate at a free-lunch picnic") Gladstone's biological father and Daphne's husband. Luke the Goose disappeared from the tree. When Don Rosa created his Duck Family Tree, he used Luke Goose (removing the "the" in his name) and made him the husband of Fanny Coot and Gus Goose's father. Gus Goose Gus Goose is Donald Duck's second cousin, and the great-nephew of Grandma Duck. Gus's main personality traits is being quite gluttonous, as Donald discovered when Gus came for a visit in Gus' first appearance, the 1939 animated short Donald's Cousin Gus. Within Disney comics, Gus is usually shown living as a farmhand on Grandma Duck's farm outside of Duckburg. Along with his gluttony, Gus is quite lazy, often doing little if any work on Grandma's farm. He also has a tendency of falling asleep at random occasions, sometimes even standing up. On occasion Gus has even shown signs of ingenuity as to finding methods or solutions to make his chores much easier for him and at times even automating them so he does not have to work at all. Gus made no appearances in DuckTales, but there is a background character in the series, Vacation Van Honk, who looks very much like him. Recently, Gus Goose appeared in the 2000s animated series Disney's House of Mouse, as the club's gluttonous chef, speaking only in honks rather than words. He also made non-speaking cameo appearances in both Mickey's Christmas Carol and Who Framed Roger Rabbit. The friend and neighbor Gustav Goose from Quack Pack is probably not the same as Cousin Gus since there are very few similarities (aside from the name and general size of the character). Some confusion is also caused by the German comicbook version of Gladstone Gander being referred to as "Gustav Gans" ("Gustav Goose"). Gus Goose has appeared as boyfriend of a classy and rich anthropomorphic swan called Cissy Swann in Danish stories.[42] In Italy, a nephew of him called Pepper already appeared in two comic stories.[43] Gander family Goostave Gander Goostave Gander is Gladstone Gander's father. In some early stories he is married to Matilda McDuck, Scrooge's sister and adopted Gladstone and his brother and had a son, Osar, but Carl Barks later had him married to Daphne Duck instead. They are considered the parents of Gladstone Gander; although his wife and son's luck does not include him. "Us Ganders have never sunk low enough to associate with you Ducks!", exclaimed Gladstone to Donald in "Race to the South Seas" by Carl Barks,[44] suggesting that there is a mutual antipathy between his father's family and his mother's. In this same story, Gladstone exclaims, "Us Ganders have never worked!",[45] what suggests that originally Gladstone's luck came from his father's side. Gladstone Gander Donald's lucky cousin Gladstone Gander Gladstone Gander is Donald's cousin, the son of Goosetave and Daphne Gander. Gladstone was created by Carl Barks and first appeared in the story "Wintertime Wager" in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #88 (January, 1948). Gladstone is a lazy and infuriatingly lucky goose who never fails to upset his first cousin Donald Duck. Gladstone's luck defies probability and provides him with anything he desires, with hardly the need of effort. As Don Rosa has commented on the character: "Gladstone is unwilling to make the slightest effort to gain something that his luck cannot give him, and, when things go wrong, he resigns immediately, certain that around the next corner a wallet, dropped by a passer-by, will be waiting for him". For all his luck Gladstone has no achievements to be proud of and no true ambitions, as he is incapable of long-term planning. All of this is in stark contrast to his relative Scrooge McDuck, who is also capable of taking advantage of opportunities but works hard to create situations favorable for him, is strongly motivated by his ambitions and takes pride in forming his fortune by his own efforts. He is a rival of Donald for the love of Donald's girlfriend Daisy Duck. Gladstone is also considered among the prime candidates for Scrooge McDuck's succession. For all of these reasons, he and Donald have formed an intense rivalry with each other. Gladstone's arrogance and outrageous luck, combined with Donald's own ego and belief he can still best him despite all odds---or as Don Rosa's version of Scrooge comments, "Donald's eternal tendency towards self-destruction"---have set the stage for many stories featuring the two cousins' confrontations. Occasionally, he is a rival to Scrooge McDuck himself who resents his complete reliance on his uncanny good fortune such as in the story "The Gold Nugget Boat."[46] In such stories, often the only way Gladstone can be believably defeated is to have him win by the letter of the law while the heroes take the bigger prize. In the above story for example, Gladstone and Scrooge are competing in a gold prospecting contest in which Gladstone finds a gold nugget the nephews fashioned from a gold item Scrooge already owns to stop him from killing himself from overexertion in the contest. Gladstone finds the nugget and returns to win, but Scrooge and his nephews then find a much bigger nugget they are able to fashion into a boat to return to civilization afterward with a monetary worth that is easily more than Gladstone's find. Another instance was in the "Salmon Derby", where Gladstone catches the biggest fish and wins a new car but Donald manages to save a wealthy tycoon's daughter and is able to purchase a much bigger car. Another instance was where both Donald and Gladstone were competing for a job as a cameraman for a nature film director because Daisy was the director's assistant, Gladstone got the job but wished he hadn't because he wound up trudging through a swamp to film giant spiders while Daisy stayed behind in America, with Donald. Barks gradually developed Gladstone's personality and at first used him frequentlyâin 24 stories between 1948 and 1953, the first five years of his existence. Gladstone's luck evolved slowly. In his first three appearances in 1948 ("Wintertime Wager", "Gladstone Returns", "Links Hijinks"), he was portrayed as the mirror image of Donald: an obstinate braggart, perhaps just a little bit more arrogant. In his next two appearances, "Rival Beachcombers" and "The Goldilocks Gambit", Gladstone is portrayed as merely lazy and irritable, and also gullible. The breakthrough of his lucky streak occurs in 1949, within the adventure story "Race to the South Seas". His and Donald's rivalry over Daisy is established in "Donald's Love Letters" (1949), "Wild About Flowers" (1950), and "Knightly Rivals" (1951), and as potential heirs to Scrooge's fortune in "Some Heir Over the Rainbow" (1953). After that, Barks felt unable to develop the character further, finding him basically unsympathetic, and began using him less frequently. But by then, Gladstone had found a steady place in the Duck universe. He was first used by an artist other than Barks in 1951: "Presents For All" by Del Connell and Bob Moore. His exact relation to the Duck Family Tree is somewhat uncertain. In Carl Barks' original version of the family tree from the 1950s, Gladstone was the son of Luke the Goose and Daphne Duck who died by overeating at a free-lunch picnic. He was later adopted by Matilda McDuck and Goosetave Gander. Later, Barks is reported to have done away with the adoption, which was never featured in any story. (Of course, no stories denying the event were published.) In a more recent version of the family tree created by Don Rosa, Daphne Duck (Donald's paternal aunt) married Goosetave Gander and the two were Gladstone's parents. This is consistent with what Gladstone says in "Race to the South Seas": "Scrooge McDuck is my mother's brother's brother-in-law". Don Rosa's stories follow this viewpoint; in "The Sign of the Triple Distelfink" (first published on February 4, 1997), he added the fact that Gladstone was born on the day of Daphne's birthday on 1920, under the protection sign of the Triple Distelfink, thus inheriting his mother's luck. Gladstone appeared in several episodes of the animated series DuckTales, where he was voiced by Rob Paulsen, later noted for playing Pinky on the cartoon Pinky and the Brain. In the episode "Dime Enough for Luck", Gladstone is an unwitting stooge for Magica De Spell in one of her attempts to steal Scrooge's Number One Dime. He returns in the episode "Dr. Jekyll & Mr. McDuck", where he accidentally bids on an item that turns out to be valuable. This inspires Scrooge to bid on the next itemâa trunk containing Dr. Jekyll's formulaâwhich sets the plot in motion. He appears as a main character in the Big Little Book series book "Luck of the Ducks" (1969). He also makes non-speaking cameo appearances in the episodes "Sweet Duck of Youth" and "Till Nephews Do Us Part", as well in episode of House of Mouse "Goofy For A Day". Gladstone appears in 2000 computer game Donald Duck: Goin' Quackers in his traditional role of Donald's rival for Daisy's affection, and every time a Boss Battle is about to start, Gladstone greets Donald, but always gets hurt, like, becoming squished by a giant bird, getting knocked off a building by a wrecking ball, being sent crashing to the bottom of a haunted mansion, and even gets sent back to Duckburg inside a pipe, and every time he gets hurt, he keeps saying that he's found a nickel. Despite having an eternal crush on Daisy Duck, Gladstone has appeared in love with other duck girls in Italian and Danish comic stories. The most important one possibly is Linda, who really conquered Gladstone, making him want to give up all his luck, since she's unlucky and absolutely hates lucky people. She appeared in two subsequent comic stories.[47][48] Shamrock Gander Shamrock Gander is Gladstone's nephew. Shamrock first appeared in a story printed in Daisy Duck's Diary Four Color #648 where he was shown to be as lucky as his uncle Gladstone, making it clear that originally Gladstone's luck came from his father's side indeed. He probably is son of a brother of Gladstone, since his surname is also Gander. He was used once in a Brazilian comic story, where he contests with Donald's nephews to get Daisy's nieces attention.[49] Characters surnamed "Duck" of uncertain relationship This section contains a list of characters with the surname "Duck" who may or may not be related to Donald. As Don Rosa explained, "Duck" is an understandably common name in Duckburg (just as "Smith" or "Jones" are common in the real-life United States) and does not necessarily identify a blood relation of Donald. Note that other characters who are ducks but do not have this surname are included at List of Donald Duck universe characters § Duck characters. 0.0. Duck and Mata Harrier 0.0. Duck and Mata Harrier are a secret-agent duo. They were created by Dick Kinney and Al Hubbard[50] during the same period in which this creative duo of comic artists developed other important characters for Disney comics, such as Fethry Duck, Tabby and Hard Haid Moe.[51][52] 0.0. Duck's name is a play on "007" (a.k.a. "James Bond") while Mata Harrier's one is an obvious play on "Mata Hari". They appeared for the first time in the story "The Case of the Purloined Pearls",[53] where they fought against agents of the evil organization "BLONK". Then the agents of this organization became the traditional rivals of 0.0. Duck and Mata Harrier in their subsequent stories, most of them created by Brazilian cartoonists. 0.0. Duck owns a small dog ironically called Wolf. The latest comic appearance of 0.0. Duck, Mata Harrier, Wolf and agents of BLONK was in the 20th adventure of the comic subseries Tamers of Nonhuman Threats, called "Things that Go Blonk".[54] Even 0.0. & Mata's subchief, created by Brazilian comic artists in 1975, appears in this one. April, May, and June Duck April, May, and June Duck are the triplet nieces of Daisy Duck. When they appear at family gatherings their parents are never present and they usually accompany Daisy. They presumably live in Duckburg. They were created by Carl Barks and were first used in a story published in February 1953, "Flip Decision".[55] "I don't know how you knew I was here visiting my sister, but it's about time you showed up!", exclaimed Daisy to Donald in the first panel of its last page, making it clear that her nieces are daughters of one of her sisters.[56] In some stories, mostly Dutch, they live along with their aunt, but in other comics, such as the comics by Barks, they are only visiting Daisy. The triplets act as Donald's nephews' (Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck) female counterparts, occasional rivals, occasional friends, and occasional dates. They are members of the organization The Junior Chickadees, who serve as The Junior Woodchucks' female counterparts. Unusually for children of their age, the girls routinely wear high-heeled shoes. Like the nephews, April, May & June usually wear the colors "Red", "Blue" and "Green", but unlike them, a color assignment has never been established. The girls also frequently wear "Yellow", "Purple" and "Orange". However, one might consider "blue" to be April's color since that was the color she wore when she appeared solo in "Dell Giant" #35. It is also unknown which nephew is paired with which niece when they double date with their Uncle Donald and Aunt Daisy.[57] In 1998, the editors of the Dutch 'Donald Duck' weekly magazine decided the three girls should be modernized, and they got permission from the Disney Company to do so. Dutch Duck-comic artist Mau Heymans designed a new hairdo and new wardrobe for April, May and June. They now don't look the same at all in Dutch stories, and don't have the 'girly' occupations anymore they had when Barks created them. In some Danish stories, the new hairdo has been copied. April, May, and June were not seen in animation until they were given a special cameo appearance in the House of Mouse episode "Ladies' Night".[58] Curiously, April, May, and June never appeared on DuckTales, but Webby Vanderquack from said series, strongly resembles them. That even led Dutch translators to give Webby the name 'Lizzy', which is used for April in Dutch. May and June are called Juultje and Babetje in The Netherlands.[59] April, May, and June returned to American comics in Walt Disney's Comics And Stories #698. The story had them retelling "Little Red Riding Hood" with the girls as red and the Beagle Boys as the wolf. Belle Duck Belle Duck is a plus-sized, tall and elegant duck lady. She appeared for the first time in "Belle Corners The Coin Collection" with drawings by the cartoonist Al Hubbard.[60] In this story, Scrooge meets Belle again 40 years after their last meeting. He tells to his grandnephews Huey, Dewey and Louie before her arrival at his house that she was the most charming girl of her town, being daughter of a tycoon who lived in a mansion. But later Belle reveals that now a riverboat called "The Gilded Lily" is everything that she can own, since she spent all her inheritance money. Scrooge cannot hide his surprise at seeing his old crush's look after all those years when they finally meet each other in the story. Tony Strobl was the American cartoonist who most frequently drew this character, despite Hubbard was the cartoonist who first drew her. Belle is an independent, self-assured, generous and warm-hearted woman, and Huey, Dewey and Louie Duck adore her. She also has a joyful personality and she loves to give parties on her riverboat by using Scrooge's money. Borrowing money from Scrooge is generally the first thing that Belle thinks of when she intends to reform "The Gilded Lily" or to buy a new piece of machinery for it. She often shows a daring behavior towards Scrooge, like in "The Return of Belle Duck" by Strobl,[61] where Scrooge asks her about what they will talk about and she answers, "About your money... and how I'm going to spend it!".[62] In "Go West, Young Duck" by Dick Kinney and Tony Strobl,[63] Belle tells the story of a European ancestor of her called Christina Duck who tried to find America in 1492. After many years without a comic appearance, the last one had been in a Brazilian story from 1982,[64] Belle appeared again in "Riverboat Rovers" by Lars Jensen and JosĂ© Ramon Bernardo, first published in 2007.[65] Thus far, Belle Duck's latest appearance was in a Danish story written by Lars Jensen and drawn by William Van Horn's son, Noel Van Horn, first published in 2014.[66] Daisy Duck Main article: Daisy Duck Daisy Duck is Donald's girlfriend. Huey, Dewey, and Louie sometimes call her "Aunt Daisy", but it is unclear if this signifies an affinal or fictive relationship. Dickie Duck Dickie Duck (Italian: Paperetta YĂš-YĂš) was created by Romano Scarpa. She was introduced as Goldie O'Gilt's granddaughter. But in the story "Paperetta e la leggenda del luna park" by Romano Scarpa[67] she calls Huey, Dewey and Louie cuginetti (small/young cousins) (it's in the third panel of its first page) and then cugini (cousins) (it's in the fourth panel of its second page), suggesting that she and Donald's nephews share the same surname in English language because of a kinship. Dickie doesn't own an official family name in Italy, being "YĂš-YĂš" a reference to YĂ©-yĂ©, a style of pop music of the early 1960s, which she uses with her original name, "Paperetta", as if to show her love for pop music. She has become popular in Italy, Denmark, Brazil and some other countries, while she is almost unknown in the USA and others. Dickie clearly seems to be older than Huey, Dewey and Louie. According to Scarpa, she completed her secondary education at a boarding school (Goldie says to Scrooge in the original Italian speech, "Ehm, come sai, ho una nipotina che Ăš cresciuta in collegio! Ora ne esce...",[68] which can be loosely translated as "Er, you know, I have a granddaughter who has grown in a boarding school! Now she's leaving..."), so she possibly is around 18 years old. The connection between Goldie and Dickie isn't largely accepted, despite they made two appearances together as grandmother and granddaughter. The first one was in the Italian story "Arriva Paperetta YĂš-YĂš" (free translation: "The Arrival of Dickie Duck"),[69] which introduced Dickie in this particular universe. In this story, Goldie drops Dickie off because she cannot take care of her anymore, so she asks Scrooge McDuck to do it for her. And the second one was in another Italian story called "Zio Paperone Pigmalione" ("Uncle Scrooge Benefactor"),[70] where Dickie appears living in Duckburg as Scrooge's house guest. But in later stories with her, she lives in her own house. Sometimes Dickie has worked as a reporter for Brigitta McBridge or for Scrooge's little known brother Gideon McDuck. In Brazil, their name is Pata Lee, (on a reference to the singer Rita Lee) she appeared in her own series with her teen friends the short owl Nettunia, the tall crane Olympia, the handsome pelican Walter, and Beckett, who's actually the name given to the old cartoon character Aracuan Bird, in a series of stories titled Os Adolescentes (translated loosely from Portuguese to The Teenagers) as a bonus story in Ze Carioca (a comic book starring JosĂ© Carioca). Nettunia, Olympia and Walter were specially created to be part of Dickie's gang by Brazilian Disney Studios, which belongs to Grupo Abril. That was the first (and probably only) time that a teen gang was introduced in the "Duckverse" (a usual nickname used to refer to the Disney Ducks Universe). Dickie and her four close friends possibly are studying Journalism at some university of Duckburg, because of her clear connection to the reporter career, which was shown in various comic stories. Donald and his nephews never appeared in those stories with Dickie's teen gang. Dickie Duck's first American appearance was in the Boom! Studios run of Uncle Scrooge, in the translation of the storyline "Around the World in 80 Bucks".[71] Just like Moby, Dickie is also one of the few secondary characters who owns a small figurine in two different Italian collections by De Agostini. Dimwitty Duck Dimwitty Duck (originally just called Dim-Witty) is a duck who was introduced in the comic story "The Vanishing Banister",[72] where he appears as an assistant of Donald Duck, who in turn appears working as a private detective. Daisy Duck has a brief appearance in the beginning of this one. But there are some old American stories with Dimwitty and Daisy where Donald doesn't appear. In the story "On Disappearing Island",[73] Dimwitty appeared for the first time as Moby's ship hand and from then on he became the most common supporting character in Moby's stories. Dimwitty is incredibly clumsy but he's loyal and subservient, and maybe that's the reason why Moby keeps him as his ship hand. But a close kinship between them could also explain this fact. Dimwitty is taller than Donald and Moby. In some 1970s stories, Dimwitty was shown as a friend of Gus Goose. There are some old stories where it's revealed that Dimwitty's surname is also "Duck". The first one was "The Fix-it-fiasco",[74] which also features Daisy. Just like Moby, Dimwitty had also a cameo appearance in the Darkwing Duck / Ducktales crossover called "Dangerous Currency" from 2011. A character called Dim-Witty Jr., who appears in the Junior Woodchuck's comic story "The Green Gauntlet",[75] apparently would be son of Dimwitty, since their respective names, looks and behaviors are very similar, including they both wear clothes with a "D" on it. Dimwitty has the initial letter of his name on his long hat, while Dim-Witty Jr. has this same symbol on his orange blouse. Dim-Witty Jr. is called Dimmy by Huey, Dewey and Louie. Moby also calls Dimwitty Dimmy in some of his stories with his first mate. Hustler Duck Hustler Duck is an obscure character created by Dick Kinney & Al Hubbard that works as a marketing man. The American cartoonists who most frequently used this character were Jim Fletcher and Vivie Risto, despite Hubbard was the cartoonist who was credited for co-creating him. Hustler is funnily annoying and he wears big round glasses, just like John Rockerduck. He is always ready to sell his services in different professional areas to Uncle Scrooge McDuck in most of his oldest stories. After almost ten years withoug being used in comic stories, Hustler appeared in two Brazilian ones firstly published in 1975. His last appearance was in a Brazilian story from 1991.[76] It was never suggested in comic stories that Hustler Duck is somehow related to Donald Duck. In the comic story "A Star is Born",[77] Hustler calls an aunt of him, asking her to reunite many relatives of them both in the film studio that Scrooge recently acquired.[78] The name of this aunt isn't revealed. Moby Duck Moby Duck (left) and Dimwitty Duck (right) on the cover of Moby Duck No. 25, published in 1977 by Gold Key Comics Moby Duck', name is a spoof of Moby-Dick, was created by writer Vic Lockman and illustrator Tony Strobl in the comic-book story "A Whale of an Adventure" in Donald Duck #112 (March 1967).[79] He made his only major animated appearance in the Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color episode "Pacifically Peeking" (October 6, 1968),[79] and had a cameo appearance seated at one of the tables in the House of Mouse TV series. He first appeared in Donald Duck #112 where he is seen saving Donald from drowning at sea, after Donald was forced to accept Moby's purpose to work as his helper, since Moby's porpoise Porpy pretended to be a threatening shark. Later that year Moby got his own comic book title which ran 11 issues until 1970, and then from 1973 to 1978 (issues #12-30). Illustrators of American Moby Duck stories include Strobl, Kay Wright, and Pete Alvarado. Not seen in the USA for two decades, he was used in a comic subseries produced in Italy during the 2000s. Curiously, Moby had two cameo appearances in the 2010s already. The first one was in an Italian story from 2010,[80] and the second one was in the Darkwing Duck / Ducktales crossover called "Dangerous Currency" from 2011.[81] Moby has a quick temper and he can be really rude sometimes, not showing any remorse when he acts this way. He also shows a male chauvinist behavior in some stories. Moby is a disaster as a whaler, but a good sailor in general. He makes a living out of carrying cargo, especially for Scrooge McDuck. He also fights pirates and other villains, including the Beagle Boys, Mad Madam Mim, Emil Eagle, The Big Bad Wolf, and Captain Hook. There isn't any comic story where Moby was shown harpooning a whale indeed, however in the American comic story "Whale Bait",[82] first published in 1969, when Gyro Gearloose asks him why he's so gloomy, he exclaims, "Whales are scarcer than hen's teeth lately!", suggesting that he had successfully hunted whales on some occasions. But this same story also shows Moby developing affection for whales when he comes face to face with one of them for the first time and hesitates to use the harpoon of his whaler on that one, exclaiming "I-I can't! I never got so cozy with whales before as to look into their big tender pink eyes!". In the Danish comic story "Miraculous Bait",[83] first published in 1972, Moby reveals to Gyro Gearloose that he never could hunt any whale, and for this reason he is using his whaler to deliver letters. In the half-page Danish story "Hitting The Tooth Mark",[84] first published in 1973, Moby asks himself, "Why do I have a harpoon cannon?" (informal translation from the following excerpt in German language, "Wozu hab' ich ĂŒberhaupt eine Harpunierkanone?"), since he realizes that he never used this one for hunting a whale. Moby even joined forces with a female animal rights activist to save a whale belonging to a Scrooge McDuck's enterprise called Sea Kingdom, as seen in the comic story "A Whale's Ransom".[85] Moby is a relative of Donald Duck as seen in "Sea Dog's Holiday" by Vic Lockman and Kay Wright.[86] There are American old stories where Moby seems to be familiar to other members of Donald's paternal family as well, like Grandma Duck and Gladstone Gander. In the comic story "The Dread Sea Adventure" by Lockman and Wright,[87] Grandma exclaims when she sees Moby, "Moby Duck, you salty old sea biscuit!", making it clear that she knows him very well. Donald was Moby's first mate for a while but he was replaced by Dimwitty Duck (and, on rare occasions in the comic books, by Goofy). There are a couple of stories featuring Moby where Donald and Dimwitty appeared together working for Moby as his crew. The Spanish cartoonist Antoni Gil-Bao used the duo Moby and Dimwitty in various Danish comic stories.[88] Porpy also appears in many Moby's stories. Moby was one of the few secondary characters selected to own a small figurine in two collections made by De Agostini, Disney Parade and Disney Collection.[89][90] Huey, Dewey, and Louie's father Huey, Dewey, and Louie's father in Don Rosa's Duck family tree The identity of Huey, Dewey, and Louie's father is something of a mystery. The character does not appear in any stories, but he did partially appear in the 1993 Duck family tree drawn by Don Rosa. In this illustration, Rosa partially concealed the character's face with a bird. While his first name was also hidden, his last name is revealed to be Duck. His face was fully shown in the unofficial Duck family tree by Mark Worden and first published in several fanzines, which labeled him ? Duck and showed him with a flattop haircut and human-like ears. In Huey, Dewey, and Louie's first appearance in a 1937 Donald Duck Sunday strip, Della writes to Donald that the boys had placed a firecracker under their father's chair as a prank and that their father had been sent to the hospital. This was the reason why the boys first showed up at Donald's house. Thereafter the father is generally assumed to have disappeared. In "The Richest Duck in the World", the final installment of The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, when Scrooge mentions that the few family members he had had disappeared, the boys respond "We know how that feels!" See also List of Donald Duck universe characters Clan McDuck Ludwig Von Drake List of fictional ducks References â "The People Who Never Were -- Yet Live Today." The People's Almanac, edited by David Wallenchinsky and Irving Wallace. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & C., 1975. p. 1235-1237. â Reviews & Ratings for Corvette Summer â Mark Worden's Duck Family Tree â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Invader Of Fort Duckburg â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Sign Of The Triple Distelfink â Who's who in Duckburg - Humperdink "Grandpa" Duck â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Good Old Daze â Humperdink Dabney "Grandpa" Duck â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Good Neighbors â "Donald Duck Family Tree". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-09-20. 1 2 "I.N.D.U.C.K.S.". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-03-09. â Grandma Duck at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. â "I.N.D.U.C.K.S.". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-03-09. â "I.N.D.U.C.K.S.". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-09-23. â "I.N.D.U.C.K.S.". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-09-23. â "Grandma Duck gag". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-09-20. â "The Invader Of Fort Duckburg". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-03-09. â "Donald's Grandma Duck". coa.inducks.org. Retrieved 2016-09-20. â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Daredevil Deputy â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Trigger Gulch Gang â Coa Inducks - Page to the Danish comic story Sheriff for a Day â Announcement of the Dutch Donald Duck magazine on Facebook for the 80th anniversary collectors edition with a snapshot of the story introducing Donald to his nephews and Dumbella being in space â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Donald's Buzzin Cousin â Coa Inducks - Page to Al Hubbard's stories with Fethry Duck â Coa Inducks - Page to the Australian comic cook Giant (G Series) No. 338 â Coa Inducks - Page to the Australian Comic Book Giant (G Series) No. 475 â Coa-Inducks - Page for the character "Rita Gansa" â "The D.U.C.K.man - Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree - Don Rosa's own comments". Duckman.pettho.com. Retrieved 2010-07-06. â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic subseries Le storie della Baia â Coa-Inducks - Index to stories with Poochie â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the first panel of the comic story Log Jockey â Coa Inducks - Page for the character Whitewater Duck â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Why All the Crabby Ducks? â www.sullivanet.com/duckburg/phooey.htmâ Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story O Nascimento Do Biquinho 1 2 Rosa, Don. "Birth And Death Dates Of The Ducks, Coots And McDucks". Don Rosa on himself. Retrieved 2007-11-25. â Rosa, Don. "The Life and Times of $crooge McDuck - Episode 10". The Life and Times of $crooge McDuck. Retrieved 2007-11-25. I wrote this story during the last presidential election. That explains why Grandma Duck's father is named Clinton Coot. â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the Sunday comic strip YD 38-05-09 as published in 'Donald Duck 287' (Gladstone) â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the comic story La grande corsa Paperopoli-Ocopoli â Carl Barks's Duck Family Tree â 'The Duck Family Tree' - Genealogy by Carl Barks â Coa Inducks - Index to stories with Cissy Swann â Coa Inducks - Index to stories with Pepper â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Race to the South Seas â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the comic story Race to the South Seas â Barks, Carl (September 1961). "The Gold Nugget Boat". Uncle Scrooge (35). â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Gastone e la fortuna inopportuna â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Gastone e il talismano annullafortuna â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian comic story O Trevinho da Sorte â Coa Inducks - Al Hubbard's Page â Who's Who of American Comic Books 1928-1999 - Informations About Dick Kinney â Who's Who of American Comic Books 1928-1999 - Informations About Al Hubbard â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Case of the Purloined Pearls â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Things that Go Blonk â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Flip Decision â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Lady Lawmen â "April, May & June: Daisy's Nieces". Disney's HooZoo. Retrieved 2008-05-11. External link in |publisher= (help) â Ladies' Night. The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts. Retrieved on March 22, 2008. â Webby Vanderquack. Dutch Wikipedia. Retrieved on March 22, 2008. â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Belle Corners The Coin Collection â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Return of Belle Duck â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the story The Return Of Belle Duck, as published in the French comic book Picsou Magazine 95 â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Go West, Young Duck â Coa Inducks - Page to the Brazilian comic story Carnaval Em PatĂłpolis â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Riverboat Rovers â Coa Inducks - Page to the Danish comic story 'Det rene hokus pokus' â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Paperetta e la leggenda del luna park â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the Italian story Arriva Paperetta YĂš-YĂš â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Arriva Paperetta YĂš-YĂš â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone Pigmalione â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone in vacanza con 80 dollari â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Vanishing Banister â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story On Disappearing Island â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Fix-it-fiasco â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Green Gauntlet â Coa-Inducks - Index to Hustler Duck stories â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story A Star Is Born â Coa Inducks - Excerpt of the comic story A Star is Born as published in the Australian comic book Giant (G Series) 368 (1966) 1 2 Moby Duck at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. â Coa-Inducks - Page to the comic story Zio Paperone imperatore domestico â Ericâs BOOM! Studios Comic Review: DARKWING DUCK/DUCKTALES: DANGEROUS CURRENCY TPB â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Whale Bait â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Miraculous Bait â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Hitting The Tooth Mark â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story A Whale's Ransom â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story Sea Dog's Holiday â Coa Inducks - Page to the comic story The Dread Sea Adventure â Coa Inducks - Page for Antoni Gil-Bao's stats â Coa Inducks - Page to the Italian publication 'Disney Parade' â Coa Inducks - Page to the Italian publication 'Disney Collection' External links Gladstoe Gander at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Don Rosa's Duck family tree Fethry Duck Sketches For Fethry Duck's First Appearance Al Hubbard Disney core universe characters Primary Mickey MouseDonald DuckMinnie MouseDaisy DuckPlutoGoofyPeteOswald the Lucky Rabbit Secondary JosĂ© CariocaChip 'n' DaleClarabelle CowMagica De SpellDarkwing DuckGyro GearlooseFlintheart GlomgoldMax GoofHorace HorsecollarHuey, Dewey, and Louie DuckHumphrey the BearJiminy CricketPete JuniorScrooge McDuckThe Phantom BlotPanchito PistolesJohn D. RockerduckLudwig Von Drake Groups The Beagle BoysMickey Mouse universe characters Mickey Mouse familyDonald Duck universe characters Duck familyClan McDuckEvronianiDuckTales characters This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files. This snapshot was generated and distributed by the Distributed Wikipedia Mirror project The Distributed Wikipedia Mirror is a global effort, independent from Wikipedia. Created on: 2017-05 from the kiwix ZIM file IPFS Link (this snaphost): /ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/April,_May_and_June.html IPNS Link (most recent): /ipns/QmdJiuMWp2FxyaerfLrtdLF6Nr1EWpL7dPAxA9oKSPYYgV/wiki/April,_May_and_June.html HTTP Link: ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/April,_May_and_June.html Download IPFS Here Distributed Wikipedia Powered by IPFS Share this article
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Post by Freddie on Feb 26, 2021 0:10:10 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đDuckTales This article is about the television series. For the video games based on the TV series, see DuckTales (video game) and DuckTales: The Quest for Gold. For the upcoming 2017 reboot series on Disney XD, see DuckTales (2017 TV series). DuckTales Genre Action/Adventure Comedy Fantasy Mystery Created by Carl Barks (comic books) Developed by Jymn Magon Voices of Hamilton Camp Townsend Coleman Peter Cullen Brian Cummings Miriam Flynn June Foray Joan Gerber Chuck McCann Terrence McGovern Tress MacNeille Hal Smith Russi Taylor Frank Welker Alan Young Theme music composer Mark Mueller Opening theme "DuckTales" Ending theme "DuckTales" (Instrumental) Composer(s) Ron Jones Tom Chase and Steve Rucker (additional music, Season 1 only) Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of seasons 4 No. of episodes 100 (list of episodes) Production Producer(s) Jymn Magon (Season 2) Bob Hathcock (Season 2â4) Alan Zaslove (Season 4) Fred Wolf (supervising producer, Season 1 only) Co-producers: Ken Koonce and David Weimers (Season 2â4) Alan Burnett (Season 3) Running time 22 minutes Production company(s) Walt Disney Television Animation Distributor Buena Vista Television Release Original network Broadcast syndication Picture format 4:3 (SDTV) Audio format Stereo Mono (Five-part pilot only) Original release September 18, 1987 â November 28, 1990 Chronology Related shows Darkwing Duck Quack Pack DuckTales is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It premiered on September 18, 1987 and ended on November 28, 1990 with a total of four seasons and 100 episodes.[1][2] An animated theatrical spin-off film based on the series, DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp, was released widely in the United States on August 3, 1990. The voice cast from the series reprised their roles for the film. DuckTales is based on Uncle Scrooge and other Duck universe comic books, created by Carl Barks. The show follows the adventures of Scrooge McDuck and his three grandnephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Important secondary characters, that often take part in the adventures, include Donald Duck, Scrooge's pilot Launchpad McQuack and butler Duckworth, the inventor Gyro Gearloose, and the nanny Mrs. Beakley and her granddaughter Webby. The most notable antagonists in the series are the Beagle Boys, the witch Magica De Spell, and the industrialist Flintheart Glomgold. In a typical story, the villains are after McDuck's fortune or his Number One Dime; another common theme is a race after some sort of treasure. Although some stories are original or based on Barks' comic book series, others are pastiches on classical stories or legends, including characters based on either fictional or historical persons. The series is known for its many references to popular culture, including Shakespeare, Jack the Ripper, Greek mythology, James Bond, Indiana Jones, and Sherlock Holmes. One of the characters created for DuckTales, Launchpad McQuack, later became a major character in the series Darkwing Duck. The popular theme song for DuckTales was written ("composed by" in the credits) by Mark Mueller, who also wrote the theme song for Disney's Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers. [3] On February 25, 2015, Disney XD announced it would be reviving the series for a 2017 premiere.[4] Premise The show features the adventures of Scrooge McDuck and his great-nephews. The nephews, who were originally living with their uncle Donald, are left in Scrooge's care when Donald joins the U.S. Navy. Though Scrooge is the richest duck in the world, he constantly tries to find ways to increase his wealth. Many episodes involve protecting his wealth from villains who want to rob Scrooge of all his money. The prominent recurring antagonists in the show include the Beagle Boys and Magica De Spell who are always finding ways to rob and swindle Scrooge and his nephews. Scrooge's nemesis in the show is Flintheart Glomgold, the second-richest duck in the world, who always tries to devise plans to unseat Scrooge McDuck from his "Richest Duck in the World" title. A few of the stories also surround Scrooge's "Number One Dime", the first money Scrooge ever earned, which Scrooge considers to be the source of his good luck and wealth. Scrooge keeps the dime in a glass jar in his money vault, and constantly protects it from the villains on the show. The show's second season saw the addition of characters Fenton Crackshell and Bubba Duck. Along with them came stories that generally shifted away from the globetrotting plots of the first season, and revolved primarily in the contemporary setting of Duckburg. Episodes would feature either Bubba or Fenton but rarely both. Although Scrooge and his nephews were the show's main characters, some episodes focused on other characters like Launchpad or Gyro. Some members of Scrooge's extended family (The Duck Universe), like Gladstone Gander who had extremely good luck, were also seen in the series. Production The series is notable for being the first Disney cartoon to be produced for syndication,[5] and paving the way for future Disney cartoons, such as Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, TaleSpin, and Darkwing Duck. A world broadcast premiere television movie (entitled "The Treasure of the Golden Suns") first aired during the weekend of September 18â20, 1987 (date and time varied by market). Since then, it has been shown in the series' regular rotation as a five-part serial. A feature-length movie was released in theatres on August 3, 1990. The hundredth episode (which was also the series finale) aired on November 28, 1990. The show's first season (1987â88) consisted of 65 episodes (the standard length for a Disney TV show, as well as the standard length of many first seasons of 1990s TV shows). The second season consisted only of two more five-part serials â "Time Is Money" and "Super DuckTales" â which premiered as television movie specials on November 24, 1988 and March 26, 1989 respectively, before being serialized into 10 episodes for reruns. This season is notable for containing the first appearances of Bubba the Caveduck and his pet triceratops Tootsie, as well as Fenton Crackshell and his alter ego Gizmoduck. The third season (fall 1989 â February 1990) included an additional 18 episodes. DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp was released in theaters on August 3, 1990. The fourth and final season consisted of seven episodes which premiered in the fall of 1990 (including three produced for season three but held back for airing, and four produced explicitly for season four), bringing the total to 100 episodesâmaking DuckTales one of the longest-running Disney shows in terms of number of episodes. Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers was paired with DuckTales in an hour-long syndicated block during the 1989â90 television season. In the 1990â91 season, Disney expanded the idea even further, creating The Disney Afternoon, a two-hour long syndicated block of half-hour cartoons. DuckTales was one of the early flagship cartoons in the series. The show ran in the Disney Afternoon until 1992. On October 2, 1995, DuckTales began reruns on The Disney Channel as part of a two-hour programming block called "Block Party" which aired on weekdays in the late-afternoon/early-evening and which also included Darkwing Duck, TaleSpin, and Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers.[6] Huey, Dewey, and Louie all appeared in the drug prevention video Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue. Scrooge and Launchpad appeared in Disney's short-lived animated series Raw Toonage (originally aired on CBS in 1992 and 1993). The show was the most successful of Disney's early attempts to create high-quality animation for a TV animated series (earlier shows included The Wuzzles and Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears in 1985).[7] Disney invested a far greater amount of money into the TV series than had previously been spent on animated shows of the time. This was considered a risky move, because animated TV series were generally considered low-budget investments for most of the history of TV cartoons up through the 1980s. Most of the DuckTales episodes were animated in Asia by companies such as Wang Film Productions of Taiwan and Tokyo Movie Shinsha of Japan.[8] Many critics say that Disney's own animation studio had lost most of its luster during the period from Walt Disney's passing through the 1980s. However, the studio took a number of risks that paid off handsomely, and DuckTales was one of those risks that won big. The studio gambled on the idea that a larger investment into quality animation could be made back through syndication â a concept that worked well with live-action TV reruns, but which had only been used with inexpensive cartoon series that either recycled theatrical shorts from decades past or only featured limited, low-budget animation. The show was successful enough to spawn a feature film, DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp, and a spinoff series: Darkwing Duck (Starring Launchpad McQuack as a main character). Characters Main article: List of DuckTales characters The main characters of the series, who appear in almost every episode, are Scrooge McDuck and his grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Scrooge McDuck is a serious businessduck, the richest duck in the world, a tightwad who accumulated a fortune by being tougher than the smarties, and smarter than the toughies". Despite his harsh business ethics, Scrooge is caring to his family. Huey, Dewey, and Louie are Scrooge's great-nephews, who are left in his care during the entire length of the series. Although fairly hyperactive, the nephews are also clever and intelligent. The series also features a mix of established characters carried over from the comics, as well as new ones created for the show. Scrooge's household also consists of his butler, Duckworth; Mrs. Beakley, a nanny hired to look after Huey, Dewey, and Louie; and Webby Vanderquack, the granddaughter of Mrs. Beakley. Initially, recurring characters included the absent-minded inventor Gyro Gearloose, the heroic pilot Launchpad McQuack and the loyal Doofus Drake. During the second season, Bubba, a caveduck from the past, and an accountant, Fenton Crackshell, who had the dual identity of Gizmoduck, were added to the cast. Magica De Spell and three of the Beagle Boys. The show's primary villains consist of characters Magica De Spell, Flintheart Glomgold and the Beagle Boys. Although they are all financial threats to Scrooge in one way or another, they each have different motives: Magica wants Scrooge's Number One Dime to complete her magic spell, which will enable her to take over the world; Glomgold wants to replace Scrooge as the "Richest duck in the world"; and the Beagle Boys want to rob Scrooge of his fortune. While the comics originally depicted Glomgold as a native of South Africa, his origin was changed to Scottish descent just like Scrooge. New villains created for the show include Ma Beagle, mother of the Beagle Boys, and Poe De Spell, Magica's brother who has been transformed into a raven. Other minor, but notable characters include Donald Duck, who left Huey, Dewey, and Louie in Scrooge's care at the start of the series; Gladstone Gander, Scrooge's inexplicably lucky nephew; Scrooge's old flame, Glittering Goldie; Merlock, a powerful magician who served as the movie's main villain; and Dijon, a thief who worked either on his own or for Merlock. Cast Alan Young - Scrooge McDuck Russi Taylor - Huey / Dewey / Louie / Webby Vanderquack Joan Gerber - Mrs. Beakley Chuck McCann - Duckworth Terry McGovern - Launchpad McQuack Hal Smith - Gyro Gearloose / Flintheart Glomgold Townsend Coleman - Doofus Drake June Foray - Magica de Spell / Ma Beagle Tony Anselmo - Donald Duck Hamilton Camp - Fenton Crackshell / GizmoDuck Additional cast Michael Bell Corey Burton Cam Clarke Peter Cullen Brian Cummings Jim Cummings Dan Gilvezan Barry Gordon Marty Ingels Casey Kasem Aron Kincaid Harvey Korman Tress MacNeille Scott Menville Don Messick Gary Owens Rob Paulsen Will Ryan John Stocker Cree Summer Janet Waldo B.J. Ward Frank Welker JoAnne Worley VHS releases 10 VHS cassettes, containing two episodes each, were released in the United States. VHS title Episode(s) Release date "Fearless Fortune Hunter" âEarth Quackâ âMaster of the Djinniâ May 31, 1988 "Daredevil Ducks" âThe Money Vanishesâ âHome Sweet Homerâ May 31, 1988 "High-Flying Hero" âHero for Hireâ âLaunchpad's Civil Warâ May 31, 1988 "Masked Marauders" âSend in the Clonesâ âTime Teasersâ October 4, 1988 "Lost World Wanderers" âDinosaur Ducksâ âThe Curse of Castle McDuckâ May 9, 1989 "Duck to the Future" âDuck to the Futureâ âSir Gyro de Gearlooseâ May 9, 1989 "Accidental Adventurers" âJungle Duckâ âMaid of the Mythâ September 28, 1989 "Seafaring Sailors" âSphinx for the Memoriesâ âAll Ducks on Deckâ September 28, 1989 "Raiders of the Lost Harp" âRaiders of the Lost Harpâ âThe Pearl of Wisdomâ August 14, 1990 "Space Invaders" âWhere No Duck Has Gone Beforeâ âMicro Ducks from Outer Spaceâ August 14, 1990 In addition, the episode "Ducky Horror Picture Show" was released with the Goof Troop episode "FrankenGoof" on a VHS cassette entitled Monster Bash in 1994. UK, Australia and New Zealand releases 10 VHS cassettes, each containing two or three episodes, were released in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. VHS title Episode(s) Release date "Earthquack" âEarth Quackâ âBack to the Klondikeâ September 11, 1992 "Micro Ducks from Outer Space" âMicro Ducks from Outer Spaceâ âScrooge's Petâ September 11, 1992 "The Lost Crown of Genghis Khan" âThe Lost Crown of Genghis Khanâ âThe Money Vanishesâ September 11, 1992 "1001 Arabian Ducks" âMaster of the Djinniâ âMerit-Time Adventureâ September 11, 1992 "High Sea Adventures" âMaid of the Mythâ âSend in the Clonesâ September 11, 1992 "Hotel Strangeduck" âHotel Strangeduckâ âSuperdoo!â September 11, 1992 "Fool of the Nile" âSphinx for the Memoriesâ âTop Duckâ September 10, 1993 "Little Duckaroos" âDucks of the Westâ âMagicia's Shadow Warâ September 10, 1993 "Jailhouse Duck" âWhere No Duck Has Gone Beforeâ âDuckman of Aquatrazâ âHome Sweet Homerâ September 10, 1993 "Runaway Robots" âRobot Robbersâ âSweet Duck of Youthâ September 10, 1993 DVD releases US (Region 1) Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment has released some of the series on DVD; three volumes have been released in Region 1 thus far featuring the first 75 episodes of the series. The first was released on November 8, 2005 (containing episodes 1â27), the second on November 14, 2006 (containing episodes 28â51) and the third volume on November 13, 2007 (containing episodes 52â75).[9][10][11] The sets were packaged in a box containing 3 slipcases, one for each disc. There is currently no word on a fourth and final DVD release containing the final 25 episodes. The episodes are in the order that they originally aired (except for the five-part serial "Treasure of the Golden Suns," placed at the beginning of Volume 2). None of the DVD sets contain any special features. DVD title Ep # Release date Volume 1 27 November 8, 2005 Volume 2 24 November 14, 2006 Volume 3 24 November 13, 2007 International (Region 2) In the United Kingdom, Disney released one Region 2 volume in 2007, titled DuckTales First Collection.[12] Despite the set being similar to the US version, the DVD contained only 20 episodes, while having 5 language tracks: English, French, German, Spanish and Italian. Other regional versions were distributed to other countries, but only going up to episode #20. On November 12, 2012, the UK received two further releases of Collection 2 and Collection 3, being a Region version of the 2nd and 3rd volumes from the US. Unlike the first release, these 3-disc sets include a Fastplay mode, and only four language tracks: English, Dutch, German and French, but subtitles have not been added.[13] There are currently no plans to release the rest of the series, or the seven episodes missing between the first two sets. DVD title Ep # Release date Language Ducktales â 1st Collection 20 February 12, 2007 English, French, German, Spanish and Italian Ducktales â 2nd Collection 24 November 12, 2012 English, Dutch, German and French Ducktales â 3rd Collection 24 November 12, 2012 English, Dutch, German and French Video on Demand Season One of DuckTales was released on Amazon Video in 2013 and was free for Amazon Prime members [14] but as of February 28, 2014, DuckTales Season 1 is no longer accessible through Amazon Video or Amazon Prime accounts. As of December 11, 2015, some episodes from Season 1 has been made available on Netflix in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. In Denmark, at least, only 20 episodes from season 1 are available on Netflix. The episodes available do follow the correct airdate order but some episodes are simply missing. For instance, the episodes on Netflix do not include a lot of Season 1 episodes, even though that they have indeed been dubbed into Danish. Amongst the episodes missing are the Five Part Miniseries, "Treasure of the Golden Sun", "Ducks of Aquatress", and "Top Ducks". [15] The entire series is currently available for purchase on Amazon Instant Video in Germany, with the episodes split into eight different seasons. iTunes and Amazon Instant Video in the United States currently offer the entire series (with the exception of the episode "Sphinx for the Memories") for purchase in SD format, split into six volumes at $14.99 per volume. Setting Main article: Duckburg Music The series theme song was written by Mark Mueller,[16] an ASCAP award-winning pop music songwriter who also wrote the theme song to Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers.[17] Episode musical scores were written by Ron Jones.[18] In contrast to how other composers were creating a "patronizing" and "cute" score for the show, Jones says he composed the music with regard to the audience and its intelligence. "I would not play the score like a kid's show at all. If they went on an adventure I would play it serious like Raiders of the Lost Ark."[19] The DuckTales Theme was sung by Jeff Pescetto. There are four different versions of the theme song. The original version, serving as the show's opening theme, contained one verse, chorus, bridge, and then chorus. A shorter version of the opening theme was used in The Disney Afternoon lineup with the line, "Everyday they're out there making Duck Tales, woo-ooh," taken out. A full-length version of the theme song was released on the Disney Afternoon soundtrack, the third volume (which was released in a set with the other two volumes) in The Music of Disney: a Legacy in Song along with the full TaleSpin theme and in the November 2013 release of the Disney Classics collection. In addition, it is heard in the end credits of DuckTales: Remastered and is also released on its official soundtrack. The full version contains a second verse, and it includes a guitar solo, which is performed with a wah-wah pedal to make it sound like duck-like noises. It also has a fadeout ending, unlike the other versions. There is also a rare extended version that was used in the read along cassettes in 1987. It has a sequence order of verse-chorus-bridge-chorus-instrumental break-chorus. Reception The theme song has been widely regarded as one of the most memorable for a television program, with Dan Fletcher of TIME magazine noting its lasting impact despite being just a children's song: "Some of the lyrics might not make sense to those older than the age of 10 â we're not sure how life in Duckburg is like a hurricane, or exactly what a "duck blur" is â but the DuckTales song is still awesome."[20][21][22][23] Theatrical film Main article: DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp was released nationwide in the United States on August 3, 1990 by Walt Disney Pictures and DisneyToon Studios. The film follows Scrooge McDuck and his nephews as they try to defeat the evil warlock Merlock from taking over the legendary magic lamp. Reception In January 2009, IGN listed DuckTales as the 18th best show in the Top 100 Best Animated TV Shows.[24] In 2013, WatchMojo.com ranked DuckTales as the #1 animated Disney series [25] Awards and nominations Daytime Emmy Awards 1988 â Outstanding Animated Programming (nominated) 1989 â Outstanding Animated Programming (nominated) 1989 â Outstanding Animated Programming (for Programming One Hour or More) â "Super DuckTales" (won) 1990 â Outstanding Film Sound Editing â Rich Harrison, Charlie King and Rick Hinson (won) Merchandise Main article: List of DuckTales Merchandise Video and computer games Main articles: DuckTales (video game), DuckTales 2, DuckTales: The Quest for Gold, DuckTales: Scrooge's Loot, and DuckTales: Remastered A DuckTales video game was developed by Capcom and released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy in 1989. A sequel to the game, DuckTales 2, was released for NES and Game Boy in 1993. A Disney's Ducktales hand-held LCD game from Tiger Electronics was also released in 1990. A DuckTales was developed by Artefact Games and published by Disney Mobile and released for Mobile Phones on 2011 in Moscow. A different platform game, DuckTales: The Quest for Gold, was released by Incredible Technologies for computers in 1990. DuckTales: Remastered, an HD remake of Capcom's original game, developed by WayForward Technologies, was released by Disney Interactive for PlayStation Network, Nintendo eShop and Steam on August 13, 2013. It was also released on September 11, 2013 for Xbox Live Arcade. A retail copy for PlayStation 3 was released on August 20, 2013 with a code to download the game and a DuckTales collector pin.[26] Various DuckTales items appear in the Toy Box of the Disney Infinity franchise. In 1.0, the Money Bin item and Scrooge and Beagle Boy townspeople appear in addition to the "Scrooge's Lucky Dime" power disc. In 2.0, Scrooge's pile of money and a Scrooge portrait are INterior items in addition to the iOS-exclusive "Scrooge's Top Hat" power disc. In 3.0, a Launchpad McQuack townsperson was added. Launchpad was selectable character for the mobile game titled Disney Snow Sports on 2007. An app was released by Disney in the late summer/early fall of 2013 called DuckTales: Scrooge's Loot, where the player tries to get Scrooge back his money that was stolen by Flintheart Glomgold, Magica de Spell, and the Beagle Boys. Comic books and trade paperbacks Ducktales DuckTales had two series of comic books. The first series was published by Gladstone Publishing and ran for 13 issues from 1988 to 1990, and the second series was published by Disney Comics and ran for 18 issues from 1990 to 1991. Disney also published a children's magazine based on the show, which also featured comic stories, one of which was the only story written by Don Rosa without any illustrations by him. Subsequent comic stories were also printed in the magazine Disney Adventures from 1990 to 1996. On August 29, 2007, Disney released a trade paperback of Scrooge's Quest and later The Gold Odyssey. Ducktales: Scrooge's Quest Ducktales Volume 2 #1â7 Ducktales: The Gold Odyssey Ducktales Volume 2 #9â15 Walt Disney Treasures Trade Title Issue Reprinted Disney Comics: 75 Years of Innovation (2006) Ducktales Volume 1 #4 Uncle Scrooge: A Little Something Special (2008) Ducktales Volume 1 #7 Carl Barks' Greatest DuckTales Stories On May 24 and July 19, 2006, Gemstone published a two-volume trade paperback, Carl Barks' Greatest DuckTales Stories. The trades contain reprints of stories written by Carl Barks which were specifically adapted into television episodes of DuckTales. Both volumes start out with an introduction and compare the original comic story with its DuckTales episode counterpart. Volume 1 also includes a two-page article delving into details on the adapting the show from the comic series. Volume 1 Issue Number Story Four Color #456 Back to the Klondike Uncle Scrooge #13 Land Beneath the Ground (The episode was titled "Earthquack") Uncle Scrooge #65 Micro Ducks from Outer Space Uncle Scrooge #9 Lemming with the Locket (The episode was titled "Scrooge's Pet") Uncle Scrooge #14 The Lost Crown of Genghis Khan Uncle Scrooge #29 The Hound of the Whiskervilles (The episode was titled "The Curse of Castle McDuck") Volume 2 Issue Number Story Uncle Scrooge #58 The Giant Robot Robbers (The episode was titled "Robot Robbers") Uncle Scrooge #12 The Golden Fleecing Uncle Scrooge #3 The Horseradish Story (The episode was titled "Down and Out in Duckburg") Uncle Scrooge #41 The Status Seeker Uncle Scrooge #38 The Unsafe Safe (The episode was titled "The Unbreakable Bin") Uncle Scrooge #6 Tralla La (The episode was titled "The Land of Tra-La-La") 2011 revival On February 17, 2011, BOOM! Studios announced that a new DuckTales comic series would begin May 2011. The series was written by Warren Spector (author of the Epic Mickey videogame).[27] It lasted for 6 issues, with the final two crossing over with Darkwing Duck. Ducktales: Rightful Owners Ducktales #1â4 Darkwing Duck/Ducktales Ducktales #5â6 Darkwing Duck #17â18 Uncle Scrooge #392â399 Issues 392â399 of the Uncle Scrooge comic book published by BOOM Kids (later called Kaboom!) featured DuckTales comic book stories never before seen in the US, and were collected into two trade paperback volumes, "Uncle Scrooge in DuckTales: Like a Hurricane" on 2011-01-12 and "Uncle Scrooge in DuckTales: Messes Become Successes" on 2011-05-25.[28] Crossover A 4-part crossover story with Darkwing Duck, titled "Dangerous Currency", was also released with parts 1 and 3 for DuckTales #5 and #6, and parts 2 and 4 for Darkwing Duck #17 and #18. Comics Ducktales (USA). Comics Ducktales (Brazil). Comics Ducktales (Netherlands). International The success of DuckTales led to the translation of the show into many languages. Featured together with Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers in a Sunday morning program titled Walt Disney Presents, the show premiered in the former Soviet Union in 1991, the first American cartoon shown in the region after the Cold War. One year later, Darkwing Duck was also added to this lineup.[29] However, the show's theme song (written by Mark Mueller and originally sung by Jeff Pescetto) remained in English for a number of episodes. The first Russian version of the song was replaced midway through the series with an alternate rendition that contained completely different lyrics. The series aired in India on Doordarshan, dubbed in Hindi. The title track was sung in Hindi by Chetan Shasital. The features were dubbed and the episodes has voice cast of Chetan Shasital, Javed Jaffery, Rakshanda Khan and others. In many countries, the theme song was performed by well-known singers (like in Finland, where it was sung by Pave Maijanen, or in Germany, where it was sung by Thomas Anders). In Spanish speaking countries of Latin America, the series was called Pato aventuras (Duck Adventures). Scrooge McDuck is called "Rico McPato" and the nephews were translated as Hugo, Paco, and Luis, keeping the names of the translated vintage cartoons and comic books. In Spain, while the Latin American dub was used for the first broadcast, a high-quality local dub was produced afterwards, keeping the local "Gilito/Juanito/Jaimito/Jorgito" names for the characters. In Brazil, the series was called "Duck Tales: os Caçadores de Aventuras" (Duck Tales: the Adventure Hunters). In Italy, the series was called Avventure di paperi. In Hungary, the term "DuckTales generation" (KacsamesĂ©k generĂĄciĂł) refers to the people who were born in the early to mid-1980s, because the death of JĂłzsef Antall, the first democratically-elected Prime Minister of Hungary, was announced during a DuckTales episode in 1993. This was the generation's first encounter with politics.[30] In Romania, the series was called PoveÈti cu Mac-Mac (Stories with Mac-Mac). Only the episodes 1-65 were dubbed and aired. Scrooge McDuck was dubbed by a well-known actor, Gheorghe DinicÄ, until his death (only 5 episodes remained after his death). After Gheorghe DinicÄ's death, Valentin Uritescu dubbed Scrooge (episodes 50, 57, 60, 64, 65). Also, Angela Filipescu provided the voices of Huey, Dewey and Louie, Tamara Buciuceanu-Botez provides the voice of Ms. Beakley, Mihaela Mitrache was Webbigail along with the great master Cornel Vulpe as Duckworth. The series was broadcast at Prima TV and first aired at TVR1 in 1994 and the dubbing studio who provide the Romanian version is Ager Film. The intro song was performed by a winner from Mamaia Festival, Alin Cibian.[31] As of October 2015, the show was aired on Disney XD in the Netherlands and Scandinavia in addition to airing on Disney Channel in Germany and Latin America. Cameos Darkwing Duck (1991â92): Scrooge's face appears in the episode "Tiff of the Titans". Flintheart Glomgold, The Beagle Boys, and Magica De Spell in the episode "In Like Blunt". Goof Troop (1992â93): In one episode, the Beagle Boys appear. Raw Toonage (1992): Scrooge and Launchpad were guest stars. Bonkers (1993â94): In the episode "The 29th Page", the Beagle Boys appear. Aladdin (1994â95): In the episode "The Day The Bird Stood Still", the Genie transformed into Scrooge. Television reboot Main article: DuckTales (2017 TV series) Disney XD announced that it is planning to reboot the original DuckTales TV series. The new reboot is scheduled to air sometime in 2017.[4] Rob Renzetti, (My Life as a Teenage Robot) will serve as the Executive Producer, alongside Matt Youngberg, (Ben 10: Omniverse) as Producer, Francisco Angones, (Wander Over Yonder) as Story Editor and Co-Producer, and Sean Jimenez (Gravity Falls) as Art Director. In May 2015, Terry McGovern (the original voice of Launchpad McQuack) stated on Facebook that the entire voice cast would be replaced, stating he felt "heartsick" at the news.[32] On July 20, 2016, a new look for Huey, Dewey, Louie and Webby was announced for the reboot.[33][34] See also Darkwing Duck Mighty Ducks Quack Pack DuckTales (2017 TV series) References â Todd VanDerWerff (2013-02-11). "DuckTales invented a new animated wonderlandâthat quickly disappeared · 100 Episodes · The A.V. Club". Avclub.com. Retrieved 2015-07-25. â "DuckTales". The Big Cartoon Database. Retrieved July 19, 2014. â www.imdb.com/title/tt0092345/?ref_=nv_sr_11 2 Petski, Denise (February 25, 2015). "Disney XD To Reboot 'Ducktales' Animated Series For 2017 Launch". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 25, 2015. â Syndication. Toonopedia. Retrieved on March 23, 2008. â "Block Party: Four Disney Animated Series." The Disney Channel Magazine, Vol. 13, no. 5, October/November 1995: p. 36. â Wuzzles and Gummi Bears from Toonopedia. Retrieved on March 23, 2008. â Solomon, Charles (September 20, 1987). "The Duck Stops Here. . .". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-19. â "DuckTales â Volume 1". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. â "DuckTales â Volume 2". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. â "DuckTales â Volume 3". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2011-11-12. â "DuckTales â First Collection [DVD]: Amazon.co.uk: Ducktales: Film & TV". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-11-12. â "Amazon.co.uk: Duck Tales Collection". Retrieved December 7, 2012. â "BREAKING NEWS: Ducktales, Rescue Rangers on Amazon Prime". Retrieved January 24, 2014. â "Is DuckTales on Netflix Denmark?". Retrieved December 11, 2015. â "IMDb â DuckTales Soundtrack Listing". IMDb. Retrieved October 1, 2014. â "IMDb Profile â Mark Mueller". IMDb. Retrieved October 1, 2014. â "Main Profile Page-Ron Jones Productions.com". Web.archive.org. March 7, 2007. Retrieved 2011-08-01. â "Reel Cool: Ron Jones Interview". ReelCool blog. â Brian Koerber (8 September 2014). "The DuckTales Theme Song, Improved With Real Ducks". Mashable. Retrieved 15 June 2015. â "Top 10 Best TV Show Theme Songs". Verbicide Magazine. 13 December 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2015. â Max Nicholson (3 April 2015). "19 '80s and '90s Cartoon Theme Songs Just As Good As The Cartoons Themselves". MTV. Retrieved 15 June 2015. â Dan Fletcher (29 September 2010). "Top 10 Cartoon Theme Songs". TIME. Retrieved 15 June 2015. â "IGN â 18. DuckTales". ign.com. Retrieved 2014-11-01. â "Top 10 Disney Animated TV Series". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-02-17. â Futter, Mike (July 11, 2013). "DuckTales: Remastered Coming To Most Next Month, Xbox Live Release In September". GameInformer. Retrieved July 11, 2013. â "Ducktales return to comics on May 2011". Boom Studios blog. February 2011. Retrieved on March 14, 2011. â "What To Do? Just Grab Onto Some DUCK TALES June 2010". Newsarama.com. Retrieved 2011-08-01. â "Darkwing Duck". darkwing-duck.ru. Retrieved 2013-03-24. â "Egy generĂĄciĂł politikai eszmĂ©lĂ©se: vasĂĄrnap fĂ©l 6 körĂŒl megszakadt a KacsamesĂ©k". NĂ©pszabadsĂĄg. April 6, 2009. About the Duck tales generation. (Hungarian). â "DezvÄluiri din culisele desenelor animate". Edituramateescu.ro. May 13, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2014. â "Ducktales Cast Not Returning for Reboot". Behind the Voice Actors. OptimusSolo. Retrieved 19 May 2015. â "Watch Out, Childhood! DuckTales Has a New Look". Retrieved 2016-08-24. â Wright, Gary (2016-07-21). "Check Out the Awesome New DuckTales Poster!". Rotoscopers. Retrieved 2016-09-16. External links Wikiquote has quotations related to: DuckTales Official website DuckTales at the Internet Movie Database DuckTales at the Big Cartoon DataBase DuckTales at TV.com DuckTales Characters Scrooge McDuckHuey, Dewey, and LouieThe Beagle BoysFlintheart GlomgoldMagica De SpellGyro GearlooseDonald DuckPeteLudwig Von DrakePhantom Blot Film and specials Films Sport Goofy in SoccermaniaDuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp Made-for-TV animated films DuckTales: Treasure of the Golden SunsDuckTales: Time is MoneySuper DuckTales Video games DuckTales RemasteredThe Quest for GoldDuckTales 2Scrooge's Loot Other Duck universe List of Duck universe charactersClan McDuckDuck familyList of DuckTales episodesCartoon All-Stars to the RescueDarkwing DuckQuack PackList of DuckTales merchandise2017 reboot Darkwing Duck Characters List of Darkwing Duck charactersLaunchpad McQuackFenton Crackshell (Gizmoduck) Episodes List of Darkwing Duck episodes Other DuckTalesDarkwing Duck (Capcom)Darkwing Duck (TurboGrafx-16)The Duck Knight Returns Quack Pack Characters Donald Duck Huey, Dewey, and Louie Daisy Duck Other Duck universeDuckTales The Disney Afternoon Series Adventures of the Gummi Bears (episodes) (1985â91)DuckTales (episodes) (1987â90)Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (episodes) (1989â90)TaleSpin (episodes) (1990â91)Darkwing Duck (episodes) (1991â92)Goof Troop (episodes) (1992â93)Bonkers (episodes) (1993â94)Aladdin (episodes) (1994â95)Gargoyles (episodes) (1994â97)The Shnookums and Meat Funny Cartoon Show (episodes) (1995)The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa (episodes) (1995â99)Quack Pack (episodes) (1996)Mighty Ducks (1996â97) Distributors Walt Disney TelevisionDisney-ABC Domestic Television Related topics List of animated television series created for syndicationWeekday cartoonSunday morning cartoonDisney Television Animation Another Rainbow Imprints Another Rainbow Carl Barks LibraryLittle Lulu Library Gladstone Walt Disney's Comics and StoriesDonald DuckMickey Mouse and FriendsUncle ScroogeUncle Scrooge AdventuresDonald Duck AdventuresDuckTalesWalt Disney Giant Key People Russ Cochran UPN Kids Original animated series Bureau of Alien Detectors (1996â1997)Jumanji (1996â1999)The Mouse and the Monster (1996â1997)Space Strikers (1995â1996) Live-action series Beetleborgs (1998â1999)Breaker High (1997â1998)Ghostwriter (1997)Sweet Valley High (1997â1998) Japanese anime series Eagle Riders (1996â1997)Teknoman (1995â1996) Marvel animated series Fantastic Four (1998â1999)The Incredible Hulk (1996â1999)Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1998â1999)Spider-Man (1998â1999)X-Men (1998â1999) Other animated series Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog (1996â1999)DuckTales (1995â1998) Related topics Disney's One TooSunday morning cartoonWeekday cartoonModern animation in the United StatesChildren's programming on UPN Children's programming on the American Broadcasting Company in the 1990s First-run animated series A Pup Named Scooby-Doo (1988â93)Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears (1989â90)The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1988â1991)Slimer! and the Real Ghostbusters (1986â91)Beetlejuice (1989â92)The Wizard of Oz (1990â91)Little Rosey (1990â91)New Kids on the Block (1990â91)Darkwing Duck (1991â93)Hammerman (1991â92)The Pirates of Dark Water (1991â92)Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa (1992â94)Goof Troop (1992â93)The Addams Family (1992â95)Cro (1993â95)Tales from the Cryptkeeper (1993â95)Sonic the Hedgehog (1993â95)Free Willy (1994â96)ReBoot (1994â96)Bump in the Night (1994â96)The New Adventures of Madeline (1995)Dumb and Dumber (1995â96)What-a-Mess (1995â96)Brand Spanking New Doug (1996â2001)Mighty Ducks (1996â97)Gargoyles: The Goliath Chronicles (1996â97)Jungle Cubs (1996â97)Quack Pack (1996â97)Nightmare Ned (1997)101 Dalmatians: The Series (1997â98)Recess (1997â2004)Pepper Ann (1997â2001)Science Court (1997â2000)Hercules (1998â99)Mickey Mouse Works (1999â2001)Sabrina: The Animated Series (1999â2001) First-run live-action series Animal Crack-Ups (1987â90)ABC Weekend Special (1977â97)Land of the Lost (1991â92)CityKids (1993â94)Fudge (1995â96)Hypernauts (1996)Bone Chillers (1996â97)Flash Forward (1996â97) Rebroadcasts The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show (1985â2000)DuckTales (1997) Schedules 1989â901990â911991â921992â931993â941994â951995â961996â971997â981998â991999â2000 Related programming and topics Disney's One Saturday MorningCartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990)Modern animation in the United States ABC Kids Disney's One Saturday Morning (1997â2002) 101 Dalmatians: The SeriesBuzz Lightyear of Star CommandDougDuckTalesEven StevensHerculesDisney's House of MouseJungle CubsBilly the Cat Lizzie McGuireLloyd in SpaceMary-Kate and Ashley in Action!Mickey Mouse WorksPepper AnnRecessSabrina: The Animated SeriesScience CourtTeacher's PetTeamo SupremoThe New Adventures of Winnie the PoohThe Bugs Bunny and Tweety ShowThe Weekenders ABC Kids (2002â2011) Even StevensFillmore!Hannah MontanaKim PossibleLilo & Stitch: The SeriesLizzie McGuireNBA Inside StuffPhil of the FuturePower Rangers (2002â2010)RecessTeamo SupremoThat's So RavenThe Buzz on MaggieThe Emperor's New SchoolThe Proud FamilyThe ReplacementsThe Suite Life of Zack & CodyW.I.T.C.H. Related topics Children's programming on the American Broadcasting CompanyDisney's One TooDisney Channel Saturday Mornings (Toonin' Saturday)Jambalaya StudiosDisney Television Animation Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program 1970s Halloween Is Grinch Night (1978)The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979) 1980s Carlton Your Doorman (1980)Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown (1981)The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)Ziggy's Gift (1983)Garfield on the Town (1984)Garfield in the Rough (1985)Garfield's Halloween Adventure (1986)Cathy (1987)A Claymation Christmas Celebration (1988)Garfield's Babes and Bullets / DuckTales ("Super DuckTales") (1989) 1990s The Simpsons ("Life on the Fast Lane") (1990)The Simpsons ("Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment") / Tale Spin ("Plunder & Lightning") (1991)A Claymation Easter (1992)Batman: The Animated Series ("Robin's Reckoning: Part I") (1993)The Roman City (1994)The Simpsons ("Lisa's Wedding") (1995)Pinky and the Brain ("A Pinky and the Brain Christmas") (1996)The Simpsons ("Homer's Phobia") (1997)The Simpsons ("Trash of the Titans") (1998)King of the Hill ("And They Call It Bobby Love") / Todd McFarlane's Spawn (1999) 2000s Program (Less Than One Hour) The Simpsons ("Behind the Laughter") (2000)The Simpsons ("HOMR") (2001)Futurama ("Roswell That Ends Well") (2002)The Simpsons ("Three Gays of the Condo") (2003)Samurai Jack ("The Birth of Evil") (2004)South Park ("Best Friends Forever") (2005)The Simpsons ("The Seemingly Never-Ending Story") (2006)South Park ("Make Love, Not Warcraft") (2007)The Simpsons ("Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind") (2008)South Park ("Margaritaville") (2009) Program (One Hour or More) Walking with Dinosaurs (2000)Allosaurus: A Walking With Dinosaurs Special (2001)Walking with Prehistoric Beasts (2002)Chased by Dinosaurs (2003)Star Wars: Clone Wars (Volume 1: Chapters 1-20) (2004)Star Wars: Clone Wars (Volume 2: Chapters 21-25) (2005)Before the Dinosaurs (2006)Camp Lazlo ("Where's Lazlo?") (2007)South Park (Imaginationland: The Movie) (2008)Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends ("Destination: Imagination") (2009) 2010s Prep & Landing (2010)Futurama ("The Late Philip J. Fry") (2011)The Penguins of Madagascar ("The Return of the Revenge of Dr. Blowhole") (2012)South Park ("Raising the Bar") (2013)Bob's Burgers ("Mazel-Tina") (2014)Over the Garden Wall (2015)Archer ("The Figgis Agency") (2016) This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/27/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files. This snapshot was generated and distributed by the Distributed Wikipedia Mirror project The Distributed Wikipedia Mirror is a global effort, independent from Wikipedia. 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Post by Freddie on Feb 26, 2021 12:42:34 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đSkip to content Jon Negroni BOOKS THEORIES PIXAR NEWS EDITORIALS PODCASTS/VIDEOS ABOUT SEARCH The Pixar Theory Timeline by Jon Negroni Pixar Theory TimelineSince the initial release of The Pixar Theory, there have been countless changes and updates to the Pixar Theory timeline. Since it can get a little complicated (and nutty), I put together a new and improved outline that follows the book and includes all of the recent and upcoming Pixar movies. Enjoy! Keep in mind that this is not the full theory. Thereâs plenty I donât go over here and there are many missing connections between movies I donât bring up, so if you want the full Pixar Theory experience with connections, Easter eggs, and explanations for whatâs going on, click here to check out the book. Otherwise, enjoy this full look at the Pixar Theory Timeline, starting with The Good Dinosaur. Pixar Theory Timeline BEGIN PART 2 And thatâs the Pixar Theory timeline. In a nutshell. A very very very long nutshell. Hope you enjoyed reading it as much I did laying it out, and if you have any questions, confusions, or frustrations, feel free to hit me up in the comments or dig into the full book, which does a lot more to explain what in the world is going on in this timeline. Thanks for reading this. To get updates on my theories, books, and giveaways, join my Mailing List. Or just say hey on Twitter: @jonnegroni Share this: Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)23Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)23Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window) Like this: Loading... Related snarcasm pixar theory Snarcasm: It's Time For A New Pixar Theory, Sort Of In "Editorials" cars Snarcasm: The Cars in 'Cars' Aren't Really Cars. Obviously. In "Editorials" planes pixar theory Does 'Planes' Fit Into the Pixar Theory? In "Pixar" 806 thoughts on âThe Pixar Theory Timelineâ Comment navigation â Older Comments Riyaz at | Reply Kinemaster is a very useful videos editing tool. which helps to create and edit videos. There are many other Video editing application but no one is like kinemaster mod apk without watermark Pixar Nerd at | Reply This timeline makes things really easy. Big fan Jon! Still waiting for the new Pixar Theory book to be available⊠newprinceagencies at | Reply follow this too⊠newprinceagencies oxygen concentrators orthopedic implants manufacturers india physiotherapy services at home medical healthcare products regulatory agency oxygen concentrator price orthopedic implants manufacturers india Pixar Nerd at | Reply Um, why do I have to follow that? Newprinceagencies at | Reply do check link newprinceagencies.com/product-category/health-wellness/newprinceagencies.com/product-category/disposables/newprinceagencies.com/product-category/mobility-walking-aids/newprinceagencies.com/product-category/respiratory/newprinceagencies.com/product-category/rehabilitation/newprinceagencies.com/product-category/surgicals/newprinceagencies.com/services/mynationsbio at | Reply Your article on The Pixar Theory Timeline very good and shared nice information mynationsbio.com/pranab-mukherjee/mynationsbio.com/shruti-haasan/mynationsbio.com/pawan-kalyan-wiki/mynationsbio.com/kapil-sharma-biography/Anonymous at | Reply shutup NERD Anonymous at | Reply you mean,your a troll,get away. Anonymous at | Reply dude what the heck why you hating Anonymous at | Reply . Anonymous at | Reply .. Anonymous at | Reply ⊠Comment navigation â Older Comments Leave a Reply © 2021 Jon Negroni âą Powered by WPKoi
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Post by Freddie on Feb 26, 2021 12:51:22 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đSkip to content Jon Negroni Jon Negroni BOOKS THEORIES PIXAR NEWS EDITORIALS PODCASTS/VIDEOS ABOUT SEARCH The Pixar Theory by Jon Negroni pixar theory Every Pixar movie is connected. I explain how, and possibly why. In 2012, I watched a video on Cracked.com that introduced the idea (at least to me) that all of the Pixar movies actually exist within the same universe. Since then, Iâve obsessed over this concept, working to complete what I call The Pixar Theory, a working narrative that ties all of the Pixar movies into one cohesive timeline with a main theme. Another, longer, title is âThe Grand Unifying Theory of Pixar Movies.â This theory covers every feature-length movie made by Pixar Animation Studios since 1995. They include: Toy Story A Bugâs Life Toy Story 2 Monsters Inc. Finding Nemo The Incredibles Cars Ratatouille Wall-E Up Toy Story 3 Cars 2 Brave Monsters University Inside Out (in Part 2) The Good Dinosaur (in Part 3) Finding Dory (in Part 4) Cars 3, Coco, Incredibles 2, and Toy Story 4 will be included in the upcoming book The point of this theory is to have fun and exercise your imagination while simultaneously finding interesting connections between these fantastic movies. The trick is not take any of it too seriously. If you would like to experience a shorter version of this theory, check out the visualized Pixar Theory Timeline. In fact, I highly suggest you watch this video I made with Screen Junkies/Fandom below. It more thoroughly lays out this theory and its most complex ideas. Itâs also a far more âcurrentâ version of the theory compared to the rest of this post. Plus, it has more movies included! Enjoy. The original Pixar Theory: As of this writing in 2013, Brave is the first and last movie in the timeline. Obviously, this movie about a Scottish kingdom during the Dark Ages is the earliest time period covered by the Pixar films, but itâs also the only Pixar movie that actually explains why animals in the Pixar universe behave like humans sometimes. Pixar Theory In Brave, Merida discovers that there is âmagicâ that can solve her problems but inadvertently turns her mother into a bear. We find out that this magic comes from an odd witch seemingly connected to the mysterious will-of-the-wisps. Not only do we see animals behaving like humans, but we also see brooms (inanimate objects) behaving like people in the witchâs shop. We also learn that this witch inexplicably disappears every time she passes through doors, leading us to believe that she may not even exist. Donât get ahead of me, but weâll come back to Brave. Letâs just say that for now, the witch is someone we know from a different movie in the timeline. Pixar Theory [Some of you have pointed out that the animals in Brave gradually regress back into an animal state, disproving the idea that this is the source of animals acting like humans. My rebuttal is simple. They regress because the magic wears off. Over time, their evolving intelligence grows naturally.] Centuries later, the animals from Brave that have been experimented on by the witch have interbred, creating a large-scale population of animals slowly gaining personification and intelligence on their own. There are two progressions: the progression of the animals and the progression of artificial intelligence. The events of the following movies set up a power struggle between humans, animals, and machines. The stage for all-out war in regards to animals is set by Ratatouille, Finding Nemo, and Up, in that order. Notice I left out A Bugâs Life, but Iâll explain why later. In Ratatouille, we see animals experimenting with their growing personification in small, controlled experiments. Pixar Theory Remy wants to cook, which is something only humans explicitly do. He crafts a relationship with a small group of humans and finds success. Meanwhile, the villain of Ratatouille, Chef Skinner, disappears. What happened to him? What did he do with his newfound knowledge that animals were capable of transcending their instincts and performing duties better than humans? Itâs possible that Charles Muntz, the antagonist of Up, learned of this startling rumor, giving him the idea to begin inventing devices that would harness the thoughts of animals, namely his dogs, through translator collars. Those collars indicated to Muntz that animals are smarter and more like humans than we think. He needed this technology to find the exotic bird heâs obsessed over, and he even comments on how many dogs heâs lost since he arrived in South America. Pixar Theory But then Dug and the rest of his experiments are set free after Muntzâs demise, and we donât know the full implications of that, but what we do know is that animosity between the animals and humans is growing steadily. Now that humans have discovered the potential of animals, they are beginning to cross the line. To develop this new technology, the humans begin an industrial revolution hinted at in Up. [Some have pointed out that Muntz was working in South America before the events of Ratatouille. This is true, but it is not explicitly stated how and when he developed the collars. Also, we know Ratatouille takes place before Up for several reasons. In Toy Story 3, a postcard on Andyâs wall has Carl and Ellieâs name and address on it (including their last names to confirm). This confirms that in 2010, the time of Toy Story 3, Ellie is still alive or hasnât been dead long. This supports the idea that Up takes place years later.] Pixar Theory In the beginning of Up, Carl is forced to give up his house to a corporation because they are expanding the city. Wait a second. What corporation is guilty for polluting the earth and wiping out life in the distant future because of technological overreach? Pixar Theory Buy-n-Large (BNL), a corporation that runs just about everything by the time we get to Wall-E. In theâHistory of BNLâ commercial from the movie, weâre told that BNL has even taken over the world governments. Did you catch that this one corporation achieved global dominance? Interestingly, this is the same organization alluded to in Toy Story 3: Pixar Theory In Finding Nemo, we have an entire population of sea creatures uniting to save a fish that was captured by humans. BNL shows up again in this universe via another news article that talks about a beautiful underwater world. Lines are being crossed. Humans are beginning to antagonize the increasingly networked and intelligent animals. Think about Dory from Finding Nemo for a second. She stands apart from most of the other fish. Why? She isnât as intelligent. Her short-term memory loss is likely a result of her not being as advanced as the other sea creatures, which is a reasonable explanation for how rapidly these creatures are evolving. Pixar Theory Itâs likely that the sequel to Finding Nemo, which is about Dory, will touch on this and further explain why. We may also get some more evidence pointing to animosity between humans and animals. [Some great users have pointed out that Dory is actually more intelligent and shows signs of growth due to her ability to read and communicate with whales. This would actually show signs of how the animals are beginning to change in intelligence gradually.] And that is the furthest movie in the âanimalâ side of things. When it comes to A.I., we start with The Incredibles. Who is the main villain of this movie? You probably thought of Buddy, a.ka. Syndrome, who basically commits genocide on super-powered humans. Pixar Theory Or does he? Buddy didnât have any powers. He used technology to enact revenge on Mr. Incredible for not taking him seriously. Seems a little odd that the man went so far as to commit genocide.
And how does he kill all of the supers? He creates the omnidroid, an A.I. âkillbotâ that learns the moves of every super-human and adapts. When Mr. Incredible is first told about this machine, Mirage mentions that it is an advanced artificial intelligence that has gone rogue.
Mr. Incredible points out that it got smart enough to wonder why it had to take orders. The omnidroid eventually turns on Syndrome, and starts attacking humans in the city. Why would an A.I. want to just attack randomly? Do machines have an inherent hatred of humans?
The movie even shows clips of the superheroes with capes being done in by inanimate objects, such as plane turbinesâŠaccidentally.
Pixar Theory
Pixar Theory
But why would machines want to get rid of humans in the first place? We know that animals donât like humans because they are polluting the Earth and experimenting on them, but why would the machines have an issue?
Enter Toy Story. Here we see humans using and discarding âobjectsâ that are clearly sentient. Yes, the toys love it Uncle Tom style, but over the course of the Toy Story sequels, we see toys becoming fed up. But wait, toys and inanimate objects arenât necessarily machines, so how do they have some kind of intelligence?
Syndrome points to the answer. He tells Mr. Incredible that his lasers are powered by Zero Point Energy. This is the electromagnetic energy that exists in a vacuum. Itâs the unseen energy we find in wavelengths and a reasonable explanation for how toys and objects in the Pixar world draw power.
Pixar Theory
By the events of the Toy Story movies, we are in the 90s until 2010. Itâs been 40-50 years or so since the events of The Incredibles, giving A.I. plenty of time to develop BNL.
Meanwhile, Pixar is hinting at dissatisfaction among pockets of toy civilizations. The toys rise up against Sid in the first movie. Jesse resents her owner, Emily, for abandoning her. Lotso Hugginâ Bear straight up hates humans by the third movie.
Toys are obviously not satisfied with the status quo, providing a reason for why machines and objects alike are ready to take over.
So, by the 2000s, the super-humans are all but gone, and mankind is vulnerable. Animals, who want to rise up Planet of the Apes style, have the ability to take over, but we donât see this happen.
Also, A.I. never takes over humans by force. Why do you think that is? Itâs reasonable to assume that machines did take over, just not as we expected. The machines used BNL, a faceless corporation (which are basically faceless in nature) to dominate the world, starting in the 1960s after the Omnidroid fails to defeat the Incredibles.
In each of the Toy Story movies, itâs made painfully clear that sentient objects rely on humans for everything. For fulfillment and even energy. Itâs hinted at that the Toys lose all life when put away in âstorageâ unless they are in a museum that will get them seen by humans.
Pixar Theory
So machines decide to control humans by using a corporation that suits their every need, leading to an industrial revolution that eventually leads toâŠpollution. When the animals rise up against the humans to stop them from polluting the earth, who will save them? The machines.
We know that the machines will win the war, too, because after this war, there are almost no animals left on Earth. Whoâs left?
Pixar Theory
Because the machines tip everything out of balance, Earth becomes an unfit planet for humans and animals, so the remaining humans are put on Axiom (or Noahâs Ark if you want to carry on the Biblical theme where Wall-E is basically Robot Jesus and his love interest is aptly named Eve) as a last-ditch effort to save the human race.
Pixar Theory
On Axiom, the humans have no purpose aside from having their needs met by the machines. The machines have made humans dependent on them for everything because that is how they were treated as âtoys.â Itâs all they know.
Pixar Theory
Meanwhile on Earth, machines are left behind to populate the world and run things, explaining human landmarks and traditions still being prominent in Cars. There are no animals or humans in this version of Earth because theyâre all gone, but we do know that the planet still has many human influences left.
[Some have noted that the world of Cars canât be after humans left because thereâs no pollution shown in the movies. If you look carefully at Wall-E, however, the world is never shown during this time, so we donât really know how badly the Earth was polluted.]
[Itâs possible that the machines sent humans away to curb overpopulation and fix the environment without them, but the world was drained of resources as a result of machines populating the Earth. That would explain why the machines abandoned Earth entirely, leaving only Wall-E behind.]
In Cars 2, the cars go to Europe and Japan, making it plain that this is all taking place on Earth as we know it. So what happened to the cars? Weâve learned by now that humans are the source of energy for the machines. Thatâs why they never got rid of them.
In Wall-E, they point out that BNL intended to bring the humans back once the planet was clean again, but they failed. The machines on Earth eventually died out, though we donât know how.
Pixar Theory
What we do know is that there is an energy crisis in Cars 2, with oil being the only way society trudges on despite its dangers. We even learn that the Allinol corporation was using âgreen energyâ as a catalyst for a fuel war in order to turn cars away from alternative energy sources. That âcleanâ fuel could have been used to wipe out many of the cars, very quickly.
Pixar Theory
[Someone pointed out that âall in allâ means the same thing as âby and largeâ making the connection between Cars and Wall-E even more substantial.]
Which brings us back to Wall-E. Have you ever wondered why Wall-E was the only machine left? We know that the movie begins 800 years after humans have left Earth on Axiom, governed by the AutoPilot (another A.I. reference).
Could it be that Wall-Eâs fascination with human culture and friendship with a cockroach is what allowed him to keep finding fulfillment and the ability to maintain his personality? Thatâs why he was special and liberated the humans.
He remembered the times when humans and machines lived in peace, away from all of the pollution caused by both sides.
Pixar Theory
After Wall-E liberates the humans and they rebuild society back on Earth, what happens then? During the end credits of Wall-E, we see the shoe that contains the last of plant life. It grows into a mighty tree. A tree that strikingly resembles the central tree in A Bugâs Life.
Pixar Theory
Pixar Theory
Pixar Theory
Thatâs right. The reason no humans show up in A Bugâs Life is because there arenât a lot left. We know because of the cockroach that some of the insects survived, meaning they would have rebounded a bit faster, though the movie had to be far enough in the timeline for birds to have returned as well, though theyâre noticeably less intelligent than the bugs.
[Iâll admit, the trees looking similar isnât enough to support the idea that A Bugâs Life takes place after Wall-E, but thereâs definitely more reasons for why itâs likely. Also, Iâll bring the tree up again later because it appears in Up as well.]
Thereâs something strikingly different about A Bugâs Life when compared to other Pixar portrayals of animals, which leads me to believe it takes place in the future. Unlike Ratatouille, Up, and Finding Nemo, the bugs have many human activities similar to what the rats in Ratatouille were merely experimenting with.
The bugs have cities, bars, advertisements, their own machines, know what a bloody mary is and even have a traveling circus. This all assumes that the movie is in a different time period.
The other factor that sets A Bugâs Life apart from other Pixar movies is the fact that it is the only one, besides Cars and Cars 2, that doesnât revolve (or even include) humans.
Pixar Theory
[Okay there is a a lot of contention over the idea that A Bugâs Life takes place post-apocalypse, but hear me out. The reason I am so inclined to push the idea is because of how different the bug world is from the âanimalâ movies. No other Pixar movie has animals wearing clothing, wild inventions, animals creating machines, or so much human influence like bars and cities.]
[In Finding Nemo, the most human thing we see is a school, and even that is pretty stripped down. But in A Bugâs Life, we have a world where humans are barely even implied. At one point, one of the ants tells Flik not to leave the island because there are âsnakes, birds, and bigger bugs out there.â He doesnât even bring up humans.
[Yes, there are some humans, like the kid who allegedly picked the wings off of the homeless bug, but that still fits in a post Wall-E world. Also, the bugs have to be irradiated for them to live such long lifespans. The average lifespan of an ant is just 3 months, but these ants all survive an entire summer and allude to being around for quite some time by saying things like âthis happens every year.â One of the ants even says he âfeels 90 again.â That works if you accept that the ants are sturdier due to evolution and mutated genes.]
Thereâs another Pixar movie that was supposed to be released in 2012, but it was cancelled and replaced with Brave. This movie was called Newt, and I believe it might have fit in this part of the timeline post-Wall-E. The movieâs supposed plot: âWhat happens when the last remaining male and female blue-footed newts on the planet are forced together by science to save the species, and they canât stand each other?â
Pixar Theory
A movie about an endangered species rebuilding itself could lend itself nicely to this theory, but since the movie was never released, Iâm just speculating.
So what happens next? Humanity, machines, and animals grow in harmony to the point where a new super species is born. Monsters. The monsters civilization is actually Earth in the incredibly distant future.
[Someone wisely pointed out that in Monsters University, the college is said to be founded in 1313. If weâre really in the future, then that means the monsters could have reset society and begun using their own calendar. That could mean Monsters Inc. takes place up to 1400 (or more) years after A Bugâs Life.]
Where did they come from? Itâs possible that the monsters are simply the personified animals mutated after the diseased earth was irradiated for 800 years.
[Not during Wall-E. I would guess that it took hundreds of years after Wall-E for the animals to become monsters]
Pixar Theory
Whatever the reason, these monsters seem to all look like horribly mutated animals, only larger and civilized. They have cities and even colleges, as we see in Monsters University.
[An issue some have found is that this doesnât properly explain what happened to humans. I havenât settled on a theory I really like yet, but Iâm leaning towards the idea that monsters and machines eventually forgot that they need humans and got rid of them again, not realizing their mistake until all humans died out. Another explanation is that humans just couldnât survive on Earth anymore.]
In Monsters Inc., they have an energy crisis because they are in a future earth without humans. Humans are the source of energy, but thanks to the machines, again, the Monsters find a way to use doors to travel to the human world. Only, itâs not different dimensions.
Pixar Theory
The monsters are going back in time. Theyâre harvesting energy to keep from becoming extinct by going back to when humans were most prominent. The peak of civilization, if you will. Though a lot of time has passed, animosity towards humans never really went away for animals/monsters.
Monsters must have relied on anti-human instincts to believe that just touching a human would corrupt their world like it did in the past. So they scare humans to gather their energy until they realize that laughter (green energy) is more efficient because it is positive in nature.
[An alternative explanation that fits even better that some of you brought up: The machines and monsters created the time travel doors but realized that messing with time could erase their existence and change history. So, they falsely trained monsters to believe that humans are toxic and from another dimension, making it suicide for a monster to interact too much with their world.]
[Another issue is how the monsters seem to worry about kids âbeing less scared these days.â Itâs likely that going in the past takes a lot of energy, so the monsters can only go back as far as the practice still returns a profit in energy. To them, theyâre just moving through the same dimension of time, but the monsters at the top know that eventually, theyâll run out. This is why Waternose is so bent on capturing children and enslaving them.]
We even see a connection between A Bugâs Life and Monsters Inc. via the trailer we see in both movies. As you can see, the trailer looks exactly the same, except the one in A Bugâs Life is noticeably older and more decrepit, while the one in Monsters Inc. (where Randall is sent via a door) has humans and looks newer.
Pixar Theory
Look at the picture above. On the left is the trailer from A Bugâs Life and the one on the right is from Monsters Inc. The one on the left looks older and more rundown. Even the vegetation is noticeably dryer and thereâs less of it. The trailer on the right has humans and the frame even includes tall grass and a tree hanging overhead.
[Some have argued that the trailer in A Bugâs Life should be nothing but dust. I disagree based on how barely intact other buildings were in Wall-E. They also bring up the bug zapper that is powered by electricity. The zapper could easily be solar powered, just like Wall-E. The bugs probably used it as a light source to signal other bugs to âBug City.â Also, the trailer in A Bugâs Life never shows lights in the trailer like it does for Monsters Inc.]
That said, Monsters Inc. is so far the most futuristic Pixar movie. By the end, humans, animals, and machines have finally found a way to understand each other and live harmoniously.
And then thereâs Boo. What do you think happened to her? She saw everything take place in future earth where âkittyâ was able to talk. She became obsessed with finding out what happened to her friend Sully and why animals in her time werenât quite as smart as the ones sheâd seen in the future.
She remembers that âdoorsâ are the key to how she found Sully in the first place and becomesâŠ
Pixar Theory
A WITCH. Yes, Boo is the witch from Brave. She figures out how to travel in time to find Sully, and goes back to what she believes is the source: The will-of-the-wisps.
They are what started everything, and as a witch, she cultivates this magic in an attempt to find Sully by creating doors going backwards and forwards in time.
[Just to clarify: The theory is that Boo discovered a way to use doors to travel through time on her own, possibly by developing magic on her own. She probably went back in time to the Dark Ages to get more magic from the will-o-wisps.]
How do we know? In Brave, you can briefly see a drawing in the workshop. Itâs Sully.
Pixar Theory
We even see the Pizza Planet truck carved as a wooden toy in her shop, which makes no sense unless sheâs seen one beforeâŠ(and Iâm sure she has since that truck is in almost every Pixar movie). If you look closely, you can see the carved truck below.
Pixar Theory
You remember Merida opening doors and the witch constantly disappearing? Itâs because those doors are made the same way from Monsters Inc. They transport across time and that is why Merida couldnât find the witch later in the movie.
But wait. How did Boo travel in time in the first place, and why is she obsessed with wood? Boo must have discovered that wood has been the source of energy all along, not just humans. The machines and monsters in Monsters Inc. use doors because theyâre made of wood and found a way to use that energy to travel in time.
[Many have pointed out how the door that banishes monsters is metal. Thatâs probably because wood is used to harness this magic, and using a metal door would stop a banished monster from going back through it.]
Obsessed with finding Sully, Boo travelled across the Pixar universe using doors.
[Itâs even possible that the wood from the tree in A Bugâs Life is the source of Flikâs ingenuity, due to his fascination and respect for seeds growing into trees. The tree also bears a resemblance to the one in Up that Carl and Ellie frequented, which could be the source of Carlâs wild creativity in using balloons to transport his house.]
[This also explains why Flik and Heimlich from A Bugâs Life show up in Toy Story 2, which would be centuries before their time. Boo was trying to go to the future and could have fallen short by landing in the post-Wall-E time. She would need wood to keep time traveling, but thereâs not much around yet, so she stumbles upon the tree in A Bugâs Life. She could have accidentally brought back a few bugs with her when traveling backwards in time.]
So Boo went back to the Dark Ages, probably because she could use plenty of wood there for her experiments or to study the will-o-wisps. We know that her first encounter with Morâdu ended with her turning him into a monstrous bear, but he regresses.
She probably wanted to turn him into a bear because Sully resembles a bear, and she is still trying to figure out where Sully comes from.
Does Boo ever find Sully? I like to think so. He surely reunited with her at least once as a child at the end of Monsters Inc., but eventually, he had to stop visiting.
But her love for Sully is, after all, the crux of the entire Pixar universe. The love of different people of different ages and even different species finding ways to live on Earth without destroying it because of a lust for energy.
And that is the Pixar Theory.
For Inside Out, The Good Dinosaur, and Finding Dory, the story continues in Parts 2,3, and 4 respectively, so here are some other helpful links for your reading pleasure:
The Pixar Theory â Part 2: Inside Out The Pixar Theory â Part 3: The Good Dinosaur The Pixar Theory â Part 4: Finding Dory The Pixar Theory â What about Planes? The Pixar Detective â an expanded universe novel that explains the theory as a full narrative. Thanks for reading this. Be sure to say hey on Twitter: @jonnegroni All images courtesy of Disney/Pixar
Share this: Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)49Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)49Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window) Like this: Loading... Related finding dory pixar theory The Pixar Theory: How 'Finding Dory' Fits In The Pixar Universe In "Pixar"
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10,776 thoughts on âThe Pixar Theoryâ Comment navigation â Older Comments
Pixar Nerd at | Reply Jon, do the Pixar shorts apply in this theory? I was wonderingâŠ.
Pixar Lover at | Reply hi!
Ciara frei at | Reply Donât you think itâs weird that sullie from monsters inc looks a little like bob from incredibles? That maybe me. Incredible turns into sullie somehow? And that maybe why he is so attached to boo is because boo reminds him of his daughter violet?
Pixar Nerd at | Reply Thatâs a little weird⊠like the person who thought Megamind was Pixar. But seriously, are the Pixar shorts part of the theory Jon?
Anonymous at | Reply In Incredibles 2 the supers still exist so what does that mean.
Pingback: 40 Brilliant Details People Spotted In Pixar Movies â OMG
Anonymous at | Reply I thought that the information provided here will help me very much so thanks.
Anonymous at | Reply This has been debunked.
Pingback: The Cinematic Universe of Adolescent Imagination âą TruStory FM
Anonymous at | Reply The Cars part of the Pixar Theory does not make sense because of this reasons: 1- Stanley (Lizzieâs deceased husband) founded Radiator Springs in 1909 (as seen in the Stanley statue and as seen from Cars Toon: Time Travel Mater) 2- Doc Hudson (a.k.a. Fabulous Hudson Hornet) was a racer during the 1950s era (as seen in Cars and Cars 3). 3- Tow Mater was born in January 1957 (as seen in Cars 2). 4- The Piston Cup racing series was founded before the 1950s. I am not lying, but this information was taken from the Cars movie franchise and from one of the Cars Toons shorts.
Mr right at | Reply I have to object . I checked the website and itâs saying bugs life is 1000 years after toy story. There is a pizza truck identical to the one in toy story in bugs life . No way that car lasted 1000 years
Pingback: Podcrastinadores.S03E27 - Pixar Parte 2 | Podcrastinadores Pingback: Pixar's Shared Universe: 5 Reasons Why It's Plausible (& 5 Why It's Way Too Ridiculous) Pingback: Pixar's Shared Universe: 5 Reasons Why It's Plausible (& 5 Why It's Way Too Ridiculous) - TaskCOMICS Pingback: 5 Reasons Why Itâs Plausible (& 5 Why Itâs Way Too Ridiculous) â Clinch News Pingback: Pixar's Shared Universe: 5 Reasons Why It's Plausible (& 5 Why It's Way Too Ridiculous) | Manchester Mag Pingback: How Cars 3 Fits Into the Pixar Theory â Viral Videos
kimjong at | Reply The Cars part of the Pillar Theory does not make sense because of this reasons: Stanley (Lizzieâs deceased husband) founded Radiator Springs in 1909 (as seen in the Stanley statue and as seen from Cars Toon: Time Travel Mater)
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Training for Adults
Training for Adults Administration of Training Supplemental Training Learning Library Youth Protection Cub Scout Scouts BSA Venturing Cyber Chip Parents Guides Bullying Awareness Training How-Toâs The Training Times The Training Times Archives Training for Youth Training Quicklinks Home > Training > Training for Adults
Training for Adults This section provides a variety of materials, from quick references to complete courses, all designed to help our members improve leadership skills and deliver a quality program.
Joining Courses These courses are required for to become registered leaders and must be retaken every two years to maintain registration. A login is required, but anyone may create a user account and view the courses. Registered members of the BSA may provide their member numbers (as part of the user profile) to receive credit.
Boy Scouts of America IconCub Scouts IconBoy Scouts IconVenturing Icon Sea Scout IconYouth Protection Training Once facilitators have been tasked with delivering the adult Youth Protection training, they should contact their Council Scout Executive for access to the materials. Access to the materials should not be shared with anyone else.
The materials are available in English and Spanish and are packaged as a zipped file that contains facilitatorâs guides and PowerPoint slide decks for each of the mandatory and recommended Youth Protection training modules, copies of the video files embedded in the PowerPoint slide decks, a copy of the end-of-course test for the current year, and a sample training attendance report. Youâll also find an optional Chiefâs video (M4 Overview â Chief.mp4)
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Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconYouth Protection Pledge Cards Take the pledge to keep our Scouts safe by following the BSAâs Youth Protection policies. Half the pledge is signed and given to the council; the other half stays with you in pocket card format as a reminder. The links below, in English and Spanish versions, will print four-up on a sheet.
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Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconSTEM Orientation STEM Nova Program, Nova Counselor, and Supernova Mentor Training are now available at my.scouting.org, click âBSA Learn Centerâ then âSTEM in Scoutingâ. To access them,
Create or log into your account at my.scouting.org Click on âBSA Learn Centerâ Select the âExpanded Learningâ category, then select âSTEM IN SCOUTINGâ Position-Specific (Role-Based) Courses These instructor-led courses are designed to help Scouters learn how to effectively carry out their Scouting roles. In most cases, completing the course will make a Scouter âtrainedâ for the role(s) covered in the course. E-learning versions of some courses may be found below in the E-learning section.
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Cub Scouts IconCub Scout Position-Specific Training The link below is to the syllabus that is to be used by trainers in presenting a group and/or the stand-alone position-specific course. This course is intended to provide the following positions with the information and tools they need to conduct a successful Program:
Lion, Tiger, Wolf, Bear, and Webelos Den Leaders Cubmasters and Assistant Cubmasters Pack Committee and Committee Chair Leaders who complete the training are considered trained for their position.
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Boy Scouts IconScoutmaster/Merit Badge Counselor/Troop Committee/Troop Committee Chair Position-Specific Training The instructorâs guide below is intended to be used by trainers leading Scouts BSA Position-Specific Training. The course will provide these positions with the basic information and tools they need to lead successful Scout troops. Scoutmasters and assistant Scoutmasters who complete this course, Introduction to Outdoor Leader Skills, and Youth Protection Training are considered âtrainedâ for those positions. There is no change to the My.Scouting Tools code (S24) for the course. All other positions who complete their portion are considered âtrainedâ for their positions.
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Boy Scouts Icon Venturing IconIntroduction to Outdoor Leader Skills (IOLS) Working as patrols, this hands-on course provides adult leaders the practical outdoor skills they need to lead Scouts in the out-of-doors. Upon completion, leaders should feel comfortable teaching Scouts the basic skills required to obtain the First Class rank. Along with Scoutmaster Specifics this course is required of all direct contact leaders registered in Boy Scout Troops in order to be considered âtrainedâ.
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Venturing Advisor Position-Specific Training Below is the instructorâs guide for the Venturing crew Advisor and assistant training. The course will provide an introduction to the responsibilities, opportunities, and resources that will ensure a successful Venturing crew leadership experience.
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Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconChartered Organization Representative Training NOTE: Online training modules for the Chartered Organization Representative are available in the BSA Learn Center on My.Scouting
Venturing IconCrew Committee Challenge
The Crew Committee Challenge is designed for crew committee members and becomes the course (along with the Venturing version of Youth Protection training) crew committee members need to be considered âtrained.â The instructorâs guide below is for trainers to conduct the course for crew committee members.
Instructor Syllabus
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconSTEM Nova Counselor/Supernova Mentor Training
These training is available online at the BSA Learn Center.
District Committee Basic Training
District Committee Training has been taught the same way for many years with a very dated course. Today we are happy to announce that by leveraging the BSA Learn Center we are providing the district committee a learning environment that provides them the content they need when the need it while leveraging professional training for consistency in district training. This new learning replaces the District Committee Workshop and provide learning plans aligned with the various district committee positions and functions.
Position trained status (D61) will be provided for those who complete their training. Position training includes:
District Committee Chair District Committee Vice Chair Membership Chair Fund Development Training Chair Member at Large Activities and Civil Service Chair Nominating Chair Program Chair Camping and Outdoor Chair Advancement Chair
The online training supersedes the District Committee Workshop â please discontinue use of the District Committee Workshop.
Supplemental Training Courses These courses are designed to help Scouters with a particular skill or to enhance their Scouting role. Additional modules may be found on the âSupplementalâ link in the upper-left section of this page.
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts IconCubCast and ScoutCast The podcasts are monthly audio presentations that provide information on topics of interest to Cub Scout and Boy Scout leaders.
CubCast and ScoutCast
Powder Horn Open to both registered adults and youth who are at least 13 and have completed the 8th grade, Powder Horn is a hands-on resource management course designed to give you the contacts and tools necessary to conduct an awesome high-adventure program in your troop, team, crew, or ship. Contact your area training chair for information about upcoming courses in your area.
Wood Badge/NYLT/PH COVID19 Information word icon COVID19 FAQ
Download Syllabus Advanced Unit Chaplain and Chaplain Aide Training Councils may now provide Unit Chaplain and Unit Chaplain Aide training which includes participation by the Chartered Organization Representative at their convenience. This easy to download syllabus is intended to reinforce not only the relationship with the Chartered Partner but connect these Scouts and Scouters with other units in their districts and council. They may learn best practices to strengthen their roles as Chaplains and Chaplain Aides, inspire more Duty to God activities and foster understanding of the many faiths represented in the Boy Scouts of America.
The Course Code for this training is D86.
Download Syllabus
Outdoor Skills Training Courses These courses are designed to help Scouters with skills related to the BSAâs outdoor program.
Cub Scouts IconBasic Adult Leader Outdoor Orientation (BALOO) This one-and-a-half day course is designed as an introduction to the Cub Scout outdoor program for leaders interested in adding a camping component to their Pack activities. BALOO training consists of an online pre-requisite component in addition to an overnight hands on practical. BSAâs Cub Scout level camping policies will be taught along with the discovery of the necessary tools to help units carry our a successful camping experience. Completion of this course is mandatory for a MINIMUM OF ONE adult on a Pack overnighter.
This course should not be taught with IOLS. As part of a two-part blended learning format, the on-line modules are the first step to become BALOO trained. The on-line training modules contain introductory and basic information that will be built upon during the practical training that is completed during an in-person, council instructed course. The on-line component must be completed prior to the practical component and the course facilitator should check this before allowing enrollment into this part of the course. The in-person syllabus is facilitated by the council training committee and the syllabus must be followed to include the overnight portion of the training. Otherwise the training code will not be awarded.
Instructor Syllabus
Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing IconCamp Health Officer Training This presentation provides a detailed briefing for individuals selected to serve as a camp health officer at a council or district camping facility.
View online
Boy Scouts Icon Sea Scout IconKodiak Challenge The Kodiak Challenge is designed to be an adventure that pushes the boundaries of every participant â one that will encourage you to try new things that may be out of your comfort zone. It is an experienceâbut one that has its underpinnings in the application of the leadership skills they learned in the Introduction to Leadership Skills for Troops or Crews, NYLT, and/or NAYLE. It is, as is all of Scouting, an adventure with a purpose
Instructor Syllabus
Boy Scouts Icon Venturing IconPassport to High Adventure Training Outline This training outline teaches how Scouts can plan and safely carry out council and unit high-adventure treks using Leave No Trace techniques.
View online Train-the-Trainer Courses These courses are designed to help Scouters learn or improve their presentation skills.
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconThe Fundamentals of Training This is the first part of the three-part train-the-trainer continuum (T3, or T-Cubed) in the Boy Scouts of America. The course introduces teaching techniques and skills to new Scout trainers but is also designed to help all Scouters, regardless of their experience, present effective training. Intended for both youth and adult trainers, the course will help those who might have trained for other organizations learn the BSAâs training techniques, and it will help freshen up the skills of current BSA trainers.
The Fundamentals of Training Syllabus PowerPoint: Good, Bad, and Ugly
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconThe Trainerâs EDGE While the Trainerâs EDGE is a required train-the-trainer course for Wood Badge and NYLT staffs, it is also for other trainers wishing to enhance their training and presentation skills.
Instructor Syllabus
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconFillable Training Cards In conjunction with the Volunteer Development Team, the National Supply Group has released the latest version of the pocket-sized certificate of training. Simply specify SKU 615012 when ordering from your local Scout Shop or through scoutshop.org. Click on the link below to open a pdf template that has been created for convenience in filling out these portable training records.
Fillable Training Cards National Training Conferences Bechtel Summitâs John D. Tickle Training Center
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconPhilmont Training Center
Since 1950 The Philmont Training Center (PTC) has provided a unique environment for training volunteer and professional leaders, and a fun family program for every member of the family.
More info View promo video
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconSea Base Join us in the beautiful Florida Keys to learn with experienced and informed Scouters with ample time to enjoy the climate and beauty of the Keys.
2021 Sea Base Volunteer Training Conferences
Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout IconWood Badge Wood Badge is an advanced, national leadership course open only to Scouting volunteers and professionals. Scouters from Cub Scouting, Boy Scouting, Varsity Scouting, Venturing, Sea Scouts, and Explorers, and district and council Scouters all are welcome and belong here.
More info Course Directorâs and Area Training Conferences Boy Scouts of America Icon Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts Icon Venturing Icon Sea Scout Icon2021 Course Directorâs and Area Training Conference Registration Click here for the most up-to-date listing of Wood Badge and NYLT Course Directorâs Conferences in your region or area and across the nation. The accompanying links for registering for each conference will be available as listed. Many of this yearâs Course Directorâs Conferences have been combined with other functional conferences, creating an atmosphere of learning on a larger scale and allowing for the sharing of resources and ideas. You will find these Area Training Conferences listed here as well.
Council Executive Board Orientation
Click here for videos, facilitator guides, lesson plans and more resources. The 17-module training has been developed to assist you in understanding and carrying out your responsibilities as a council executive board memberâofficer, committee chair, or council member at large, or Advisory Council.
Training Awards Cub Scouts Icon Boy Scouts IconVenturing Icon Sea Scout IconTraining Awards for Adult Leaders in Units The training awards and keys are designed to recognize unit Scouters for tenure, training, and performance in their leadership roles. Progress record forms with the 2012 requirements for these awards can be found at the links below.
Den Leader Training Award Training Awards Scouterâs Training Award for Cub Scout Leaders(New Nov 2020) Scouterâs Training Award for Scout BSA Leaders(New Nov 2020) Scouterâs Training Award for Venturing Leaders(New Nov 2020) Scouterâs Training Award for Sea Scouting Leaders(New Nov 2020)
Keys Cubmaster Scoutmaster Advisor Skipper Cub Scouts IconDistrict Committee Awards The files below contain updated requirements for the Scouterâs Key for District Committee Members and new requirements for the Scouterâs Training Award for District Committee Members.
District Committee Key Scouterâs Training Award for District Committee Members(New Nov 2020)
E-learning Some courses are available in the e-Learning section of my.scouting.org. A login is required, but anyone may create a user account and view the courses. Registered members of the BSA may provide their member numbers (as part of the user profile) to receive credit. These include:
Expanded Learning Safe Swim Defense Safety Afloat Weather Hazards Climb On Safely
Leader Position-Specific Training Leader Position-Specific: Den Leader Leader Position-Specific: Cubmaster Leader Position-Specific: Pack Trainer Leader Position-Specific: Pack Committee Leader Position-Specific: Venturing Advisor Leader Position-Specific: Venturing Committee Leader Position-Specific: Scoutmaster/Assistant Scoutmaster Leader Position-Specific: Troop Committee Leader Position-Specific: Merit Badge Counselor Leader Position-Specific: District Committee Basic
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Post by Freddie on Feb 27, 2021 19:14:49 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đd23.com/list-of-disney-films/D23 (Disney) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Disney D23 Disney D23 logo.svg Industry Entertainment Founded March 10, 2009; 11 years ago Founder Bob Iger Headquarters 500 South Buena Vista Street, Burbank, California, U.S.A. Key people Adam Sanderson (SVP, corporate communications) Michael Vargo (vice president)[1] Products Disney twenty-three magazine Owner The Walt Disney Company Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata D23: The Official Disney Fan Club is the official fan club for The Walt Disney Company. Founded in 2009, the organization is known mainly for its biennial[2] exposition event, the D23 Expo. The name D23 refers to D for Disney and 23 for 1923âthe year Walt Disney founded the company.[3] Membership comes in two levels, free and gold.[4] Membership includes Disney twenty-three (a quarterly publication), yearly gifts, events, exclusive merchandise offers, and discount and early access to the D23 Expo fan convention.[5] Contents 1 History 2 Events 3 D23 Expo 3.1 2009: The Ultimate Disney Fan Experience 3.2 2011: The Ultimate Disney Fan Event 3.3 2013 3.3.1 D23 Expo Japan 2013 3.4 2015 3.4.1 D23 Expo Japan 2015 3.5 2017 3.5.1 D23 Expo Japan 2018 3.6 2019 3.7 2022 4 See also 5 References 6 External links History Bob Iger introduced D23 on March 10, 2009, during the company's annual meeting.[3][5][6] D23 had a booth at San Diego Comic-Con in 2009 and held the first D23 Expo on September 10â13, 2009.[3] In March 2010, D23 announced that the expo would be biennial instead of annual, and Destination D events would be held in the off year.[2] In February 2013, the Walt Disney Company Japan announced the first D23 Expo Japan would be held on October 12â14, 2013.[7] In April 2013, D23 and Turner Classic Movies Festival teamed up for the 75th anniversary showing of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and Kirk Douglas hosted the showing of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea newly restored from original camera negatives.[8] Steven Clark stepped down as head of D23 in late September 2013. In January 2014, Adam Sanderson took over as Senior Vice President, Corporate Communications with oversight of the Disney Archives.[4][9] At the November 21, 2014 weekend event, Destination D, Sanderson indicated that the silver level of membership was being discontinued.[4] In October 2018, Disney Cruise Line began showing Disney at Sea with D23, a 30-minute entertainment news show that covers the many Disney subsidiaries with input from D23, starting with the ship Disney Wonder.[10] Events Events include: D23 Expo (2009âpresent) biennial[2] Destination D (2010âpresent) a smaller biennial event alternating with the Expo. Disneyland '55 (September 24 and 25, 2010) Disneyland Hotel's Grand Ballroom[2] Attraction Rewind (November 21â23, 2014) Disney's Contemporary Resort; Mickey's of Glendale (the Walt Disney Imagineering store located at their Grand Central Creative Campus HQ) pop-up shop and Treasures of Walt Disney Archives, containing Disney Parks collectibles and memorabilia and New York World's Fair Disney collectibles; Tomorrowland sneak peek[4] Advance screening Disney studio lot screening of past animated films with panel discussion Lunch with a Legend (2014âpresent) D23 Day: Walt Disney Studios and Archives members tours held three times a year Member VIP studio tours (2015) available to Gold members and are during the work week and include a Disney Legend lunch and a unique VIP gift Light Up the Season (2015) original an annual event for employees to mark the start of the holiday season, D23 members have their own version on the studio lot which consists of carols, cocoa, and a tree lighting. Member Night at NewsiesâOn Tour (2015âpresent)[11] Behind-The-Scenes Experiences (2015âpresent) Member mixers at Disney stores, 2nd time in 2016, member only mornings of shopping, discounts, games and goodies Disney Fanniversary Celebration[12] D23 Expo The expo is biennial[2] featuring: Disney Legends award ceremony Exclusive first looks at projects Celebrity appearances Pop-up stores with exclusive merchandise Presentations on Disney history Mousequerade fan costume contest Emporium for fan trading of memorabilia Walt Disney Archives curated exhibit[13] Fan art contest (2013âpresent)[7] 2009: The Ultimate Disney Fan Experience The first D23 Expo was held at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California on September 10â13, 2009.[14] It featured pavilions from Walt Disney Imagineering, showcasing models and tests for future attractions, Corporate Responsibility, which feature a photo op, as well as projects for overseas troops and homeless shelters, Disney Consumer Products, showing the many products being sold by Disney within the next few years, a Disney Dream Store, costumes and props from the Walt Disney Archives, a Collectors Forum, where people from all over the country showcased and sold memorabilia. Events were held in the D23 Arena, Stage 23, Storytellers Theatre, and Walt Disney Studios Theatre. Many future projects were announced, including an expansion of Fantasyland at the Magic Kingdom, an extensive re-hauling of Star Tours for Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios,[15] a film based on the Beatles' Yellow Submarine, a fourth film in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise, a new Muppet film,[16] as well as clips and sneak previews promoting projects such as Prep & Landing, Tangled, Beauty and the Beast in 3-D, a set of viral Muppet videos, and a film series with Guillermo del Toro. Celebrity appearances included John Travolta, Nicolas Cage, Patricia Heaton, Kelsey Grammer, Tim Burton, Selena Gomez, Donny Osmond, Tom Bergeron, Kym Johnson, Betty White, Robin Williams, Joseph Fiennes, Johnny Depp (as Captain Jack Sparrow), as well as live performances by Miley Cyrus,[17] Honor Society, and The Muppets. 2011: The Ultimate Disney Fan Event The Hidden Mickey booth in the Collectors Forum of D23 Expo 2011. The D23 Expo returned for its second time at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California on August 19â21, 2011.[18] Closely resembling the inaugural D23 Expo in 2009, the Expo's show floor added pavilions for Disney Channel, Radio Disney, the Collector's Forum, Walt Disney Studios, Disney Living, Disney Corporate Citizenship, and Disney Interactive Media Group. The Treasures of the Walt Disney Archives has expanded by 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) since the Inaugural D23 Expo.[19] The show floor also featured a new pavilion, similar to the Walt Disney Imagineering pavilion from the D23 Expo 2009, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts's Carousel of Projects which shows the highlights of the developing projects coming soon in Disney Parks around the world.[20] Shopping opportunities included the D23 Expo Dream Store returning from the inaugural Expo. Other D23 Expo-exclusive stores included Mickey's of Glendale from Walt Disney Imagineering headquarters in Glendale, California and the Walt Disney Archives Treasure Trove from the Walt Disney Archives in Burbank, California. Other stores include A Small World Village and a Disney Store in the Disney Living Pavilion. Another popular area was the Collectors Forum,[21] where guests could buy Disney Collectibles and connect with the Disneyana Fan Club,[22] Mouse Planet,[23] Mice Chat,[24] Hidden Mickey author Nancy Temple Rodrigue, and artist Brian Rood with his one-of-a-kind The Rocketeer.[21][25] Events took place at the D23 Arena, Stage 23, Stage 28, the "red carpet" at the Talent Round-Up area, Storytellers Stage at the Disney Living pavilion, and at the Disney Channel/Radio Disney stage. The Disney Channel stage held performances from Coco Jones, China Anne McClain, a first look for Radio Disney's N.B.T. (Next Big Thing), and a karate exhibition from Leo Howard. Guests also had the chance to meet and greet the cast of Good Luck Charlie, Jake and the Never Land Pirates and The Never Land Band, Lemonade Mouth, So Random!, Phineas and Ferb, Kickin' It, Fish Hooks, A.N.T. Farm, Handy Manny, Special Agent Oso, Pair of Kings, and Shake it Up. Robert Downey Jr. at the 2011 Expo promoting The Avengers.[26] Stage 23 hosted many events involving sneak peeks to projects from The Walt Disney Studios and ABC Studios including The Avengers, The Muppets, Brave, Monsters University, Once Upon a Time, and Prep & Landing: Naughty vs. Nice, and the celebration for the 25th Anniversary of Pixar.[27][28] Stage 28 hosted Walt Disney Imagineering panels for the Disney Cruise Line, Cars Land, Buena Vista Street, Star Tours: The Adventures Continue, The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure, "The Voices of the Parks", and vintage photos and videos of Disneyland and Walt Disney World.[27][29][30] The first rounds of the UDTT were held on August 18, 2011 (one day before the D23 Expo) which narrowed from thousands to one hundred and from one hundred to 20. It was hosted by Dan Roebuck (guest starred in Lost and Wizards of Waverly Place) who narrowed down the final round from 20 people to 3. After two full days of trivia questions, John Kurowski was declared the winner of the inaugural Ultimate Disney Fan Trivia Tournament. His name was engraved on a Ludwig Von Drake trophy which was preserved in the Walt Disney Archives. Kurowski also won a preview cruise on the Disney Cruise Line's Disney Fantasy ship which set sail to the public in 2012.[31] The D23 Arena hosted many milestone events only at the D23 Expo. This was the second time that the Disney Legends ceremony had taken place in front of guests at the D23 Expo; it had originally been held at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank. At the expo, the company honored 12 people who contributed to The Walt Disney Company. This included Jodi Benson, Barton Boyd, Jim Henson, Linda Larkin, Paige O'Hara, Regis Philbin, Anika Noni Rose, Lea Salonga, Ray Watson, Guy Williams, and Jack and Bonita Wrather.[32] 2013 Entrance to the D23 Expo 2013. The D23 Expo returned for a third time on August 9â11, 2013 at the Anaheim Convention Center. Disney officials later estimated attendance to be around 65,000.[33] The Walt Disney Studios presented exclusive looks at live-action films including Saving Mr. Banks, Maleficent, Muppets Most Wanted, Tomorrowland, and Thor: The Dark World, as well as animated productions such as The Good Dinosaur, Frozen, Party Central, and Get A Horse!, Finding Dory, Inside Out.[34][35] Lucasfilm had its first appearance at the expo with the panel "Crash Course in the Force: Star Wars Saga 101" hosted by Pablo Hidalgo.[36][37] Walt Disney Parks and Resorts showcased pavilions relating to Avatar Land, future Star Wars attractions, Marvel's Avengers Academy on the Disney Magic, Disney Springs, and Shanghai Disneyland.[38][39] D23 Expo Japan 2013 The first D23 Expo Japan was held October 12â14, 2013 in the Maihama area at the Tokyo Disney Resort. This expo celebrated multiple anniversaries, 90th anniversary of the company, Tokyo Disney Resort's 30th, Disney Channel's 10th, Disney Mobile's fifth, the DisneyâJCB Card's fifth and Dlife's first.[7] 2015 D23 Expo 2015 The fourth D23 Expo was held on August 14â16, 2015 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.[40] Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios presented first looks of The Good Dinosaur, Finding Dory, Zootopia, Moana, Toy Story 4, and Coco. Marvel Studios presented footage from Captain America: Civil War and concept art from Doctor Strange, while Lucasfilm presented a look at Star Wars: The Force Awakens. Walt Disney Pictures showcased Alice Through the Looking Glass, The Jungle Book, Beauty and the Beast, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Pete's Dragon, The Finest Hours, and Queen of Katwe.[41][42] In addition, the logos for The Incredibles 2 and Cars 3 were revealed.[43][44] Disney Interactive held presentations on several video games, namely Star Wars: Battlefront, Disney Infinity 3.0, and Kingdom Hearts III. The presentations featured new in-game footage, trailers, and reveals.[45] The presentations also included surprise announcements and special guests.[46] At the conclusion of the Walt Disney Studios presentation, Bob Iger made a surprise announcement that Disney was developing a new Star Wars themed land for both Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios.[47] Additional presentations included "Disney on Broadway: The Originals" celebrating the stage adaptations of Disney films by Disney Theatrical Productions, "FROZEN FANdemonium â A Musical Celebration!" which celebrated the music of Frozen, and a celebration of the 20th anniversary of the release of Toy Story. D23 Expo Japan 2015 The second D23 Expo Japan was held on November 6â8, 2015 at the Tokyo Disney Resort. 2017 D23 Expo 2017 The fifth D23 Expo was held on July 14â16, 2017 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.[13] Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios presented first looks at Ralph Breaks the Internet, Incredibles 2, and Coco. Lucasfilm presented a behind-the-scenes look at Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Marvel Studios presented a first look at Avengers: Infinity War, and Walt Disney Pictures presented first looks at A Wrinkle in Time, Mary Poppins Returns, The Nutcracker and the Four Realms, and the live-action remake of The Lion King The cast for the live-action remake of Aladdin was also announced. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts revealed that both new Star Wars-themed lands in Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios would be called Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge and presented a scale model of the land in its pavilion on the expo floor. There were additional presentations for Tangled: The Series and Olaf's Frozen Adventure, as well as a presentation celebrating the 20th anniversary of the release of Hercules. The New York Times estimated attendance for the 2017 expo at around 100,000 people.[48] D23 Expo Japan 2018 The third D23 Expo Japan was held on February 10â12, 2018 at the Tokyo Disney Resort. 2019 The sixth D23 Expo was held on August 23â25, 2019 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.[49] Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios presented extended looks at Frozen II, Onward, Soul, and announced Raya and the Last Dragon. Marvel Studios presented first looks at Black Widow, Eternals, and announced Black Panther II. Lucasfilm presented a behind-the-scenes preview at Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. Finally, Walt Disney Pictures presented first looks at the live-action remake of Mulan, an extended clip of Maleficent: Mistress of Evil, Jungle Cruise, and the live-action prequel Cruella. This expo also marked the first time that Disney showcased projects from 20th Century Fox, with clips of upcoming films from Ford v Ferrari, Spies in Disguise, and The King's Man. Alan Horn stated that they were not going to announce anything about Fox at the expo, but also noted that more news about Fox would be forthcoming in the future. Guest speakers included Disney legend Hilary Duff.[50] 2022 On September 28, 2020, the Walt Disney Company announced that the seventh D23 Expo will be held on September 9-11, 2022 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California. The event was originally expected to be scheduled for 2021, but was apparently pushed back a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[51] See also Disney Parks, Experiences and Products The Walt Disney Company References Pimentel, Joseph (July 14, 2017). "D23 Expo: Fans frustrated with long lines, sold-out merchandise; Disney responds". Press Enterprise. Southern California News Group. Retrieved September 5, 2019. Chmielewski, Dawn C. (March 10, 2010). "Disneyland history event will replace D23 Expo this year". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 20, 2016. Boucher, Geoff (July 10, 2009). "D23 at Comic-Con and beyond". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 19, 2016. Mauney, Matt (November 21, 2014). "D23 event brings Disney archives, Mickey's of Glendale to Orlando". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved September 5, 2019. TodĂ©, Chantal (March 11, 2009). "Disney launches fan membership program". DMNews. Haymarket Media. Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016. Chmielewski, Dawn C. (March 10, 2009). "Disney shareholders want say on executive compensation". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 21, 2016. Milligan, Mercedes (February 25, 2013). "D23 Premieres Japan Event This Fall". Animation Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2016. Zahed, Ramin (March 21, 2012). "TCM Plans 75th Anniversary Screening of 'Snow White'". Animation Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2016. Hill, Jim (January 7, 2014). "Adam Sanderson is named as the new head of D23: The Official Disney Fan Club". Jimhillmedia.com. Retrieved January 20, 2014. Tuttle, Brittani (October 21, 2018). "Disney Cruise Line debuts new live news show, 'Disney at Sea with D23'". Attractions Magazine. Retrieved September 9, 2019. McLean, Tom (February 9, 2015). "D23 Sets Full Year of Fan-Oriented Events". Animation Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2016. McLean, Tom (December 1, 2015). "D23 Fan Club Details 2016 Lineup of Special Events". Animation Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2016. McClendon, Lamarco (March 28, 2016). "Disney Sets Dates for D23 Expo 2017". Variety. Retrieved September 20, 2016. "Disney's D23 Expo in Anaheim may be the start of something special | Hero Complex â movies, comics, pop culture â Los Angeles Times". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. August 24, 2009. Retrieved August 29, 2013. Peters, Jayson (September 19, 2009). "D23 Expo: Star Tours II, Fantasyland expansion - Nerdvana: Sci-fi, comics, games & more - EastValleyTribune.com". EastValleyTribune.com. Archived from the original on September 19, 2009. "Johnny Depp (in Jack Sparrow costume) surprises Disney D23 Expo audience | Hero Complex â movies, comics, pop culture â Los Angeles Times". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. September 11, 2009. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Miley Takes The Stage At The D23 Expo â Miley Cyrus â Photos & Pics". X17online.com. September 12, 2009. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Three Days of Magic". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Treasuring the Past". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Just a Dream Away". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Collectors' Paradise". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Disneyana Fan Club". Disneyana Fan Club. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "MousePlanet â your resource for all things Disney". mouseplanet.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015. "is Disney and Theme park news, tips, planning and more". Micechat.com. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "The Art of Brian Rood". brianrood.com. Retrieved August 16, 2015. Kit, Borys (August 20, 2011). "'Avengers': Robert Downey, Jr., New Footage Wow D23 Expo". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 21, 2014. "Conversations with Pixar". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Celebrating 25 Years of Pixar". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "What's Your Bid". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "Imagination Plus Engineering Equals Incredible". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. "A Fantasy Come True". D23.disney.go.com. August 22, 2013. Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013. 2011 Disney Legends Awards Honorees at D23 Expo to include Regis Philbin, Jim Henson, Disney Princess voices Retrieved August 17, 2015 Pimentel, Joseph (July 12, 2017). "Tens of thousands expected to flood Anaheim Disney's D23 Expo 2017, including Oprah, Mark Hamill; here's what you need to know". Orange County Register. Southern California News Group. Retrieved July 18, 2017. Brooks Barnes (August 11, 2013). "Disney Fans Get a Sneak Peek at Coming Films". The New York Times. Brigante, Ricky (August 10, 2013). "Walt Disney Studios reveal live-action films at 2013 D23 Expo: Marvel, Maleficent, Tomorrowland, Muppets, Saving Mr Banks". Inside the Magic. Retrieved August 17, 2015. "'Star Wars' Set To Make Disney Debut At D23 Expo". Deadline. July 9, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2013. Curran, Brian (August 30, 2013). "D23 Expo: Crash Course in the Force". EndorExpress.net. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017. Vejvoda, Jim (July 24, 2013). "Disney D23 Expo to Include Previews of Star Wars, Avatar Theme Park Attractions". IGN. Retrieved July 27, 2013. "60 YEARS OF IMAGINEERING THE IMPOSSIBLE". Disney Insider. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2013. "The Ultimate Disney Fan Event Returns to Anaheim August 14â16, 2015". D23.com. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014. Sollosi, Mary (August 16, 2015). "Disney enchants with live-action movies at D23 expo". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 17, 2015. Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (August 16, 2015). "Disney Shows off 'Pirates 5,' 'Beauty and the Beast' at D23". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 15, 2015. ""The Incredibles 2" Updates: Disney Unveils Official Logo At The D23 Expo; Edna Mode Another Superhero?". Venture Capital Post. August 30, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015. Zacuto, Ben (August 18, 2015). "D23 Expo 2015: Pixar Presents 'Good Dino, Finding Dory, Toy Story 4, and Coco!'". Everything Pixar. Retrieved March 12, 2016. "Disney Interactive Is Bringing "Infinite" Gaming Possibilities to D23 EXPO 2015". D23. Retrieved August 16, 2015. "D23 EXPO: Disney Animation Announces Panels, Exhibits and More". Stitch Kingdom. June 15, 2015. Archived from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015. "'Star Wars' Themed Lands Coming to Disney Parks, Says Bob Iger". Variety. August 15, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015. Barnes, Brooks (July 15, 2017). "Disney Vows to Give Epcot a Magical, Long-Overdue Makeover". The New York Times. New York: The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2017. Sisselman, Lauren (March 26, 2018). "D23 Expo 2019 Dates Announced". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved March 26, 2018. Dornbush, Jonathon (August 24, 2019). "Everything Announced and Showcased at Disney's D23 Movies Panel". IGN. IGN. Retrieved August 27, 2019. Baysinger, Tim (September 28, 2020). "Disney Delays Next D23 Expo Until 2022". TheWrap. The Wrap News Inc. Retrieved September 28, 2020. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disney D23 Expo. 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Post by Freddie on Feb 27, 2021 19:39:11 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đWiki Loves Folklore Photograph your local culture, help Wikipedia and win!Hide Disney Parks, Experiences and Products From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Disney parks, experiences & products logo.svg Corporate logo for the subsidiary Disney Parks.svg Disney Parks brand logo Formerly Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division (1980â1989) Walt Disney Attractions (1989â2008) Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (2008â2018) Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products (2018)[1] Type Subsidiary[2] Industry Consumer products, theme parks, attractions, video games, publishing, recreation, and hospitality Predecessors Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media 20th Century Fox Consumer Products Founded April 1, 1971; 49 years ago Headquarters Lake Buena Vista, Florida[3], United States Key people Josh D'Amaro (Chairman) Jeff Vahle (President, Walt Disney World Resort) Ken Potrock (President, Disneyland Resort) Jill Estorino (President and Managing Director, Disney Parks International) Thomas Mazloum (President, Disney Signature Experiences) Products booksgamesclothing Services Theme parksHotel lodgingCruisesTimesharesGuided toursTravel packagesAttraction designLicensing Parent The Walt Disney Company Divisions Disney Parks International Disney Signature Experiences Subsidiaries Disney Consumer Products Disneyland Resort Walt Disney World Disney Vacation Development, Inc. Disneyland Paris Disneyland International Walt Disney Imagineering Research & Development, Inc. Disney Publishing Worldwide The Muppets Studio FoxNext Disney Interactive Website dpep.disney.com Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, Inc., formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's six major business segments and a subsidiary.[2] It was founded on April 1, 1971, exactly six months before the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida just outside of Orlando, Florida. Originally, the company was known as Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division and later as Walt Disney Attractions. The most recent chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts was Bob Chapek, formerly president of Disney Consumer Products. Chapek was promoted to CEO of The Walt Disney Company on February 25, 2020.[4][5] On May 18, 2020, Josh D'Amaro was appointed as chairman of the division, succeeding Chapek. In 2018, the company's theme parks hosted over 157.3 million guests, making Disney Parks the world's most visited theme park company worldwide,[6] with United Kingdom-based Merlin Entertainments coming in second at 67 million guests. It is by far Disney's largest business segment according to employee headcount, with approximately 130,000[7] of the company's 180,000 employees as of 2015.[8] In March 2018, Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media was merged into Parks and Resorts and renamed Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. In September 2020, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products laid off 28,000 employees.[9] Contents 1 Background 2 History 2.1 Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division 2.2 Walt Disney Attractions 2.3 Disney Destinations 2.4 Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide 2.5 Disney Parks, Experiences and Products 3 Disney resorts 3.1 Disneyland Resort 3.2 Walt Disney World 3.3 Tokyo Disney Resort 3.4 Disneyland Paris 3.5 Hong Kong Disneyland Resort 3.6 Shanghai Disney Resort 4 Training 5 Abandoned and misreported concepts 6 Disney intellectual properties outside Disney parks 6.1 Marvel Entertainment 6.2 Star Wars 6.3 20th Century Studios 7 Adaptations 8 Other ventures 8.1 Disney Signature Experiences 8.2 Disney Sports Enterprises 8.2.1 DSE background 8.2.2 DSE history 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Background Main article: Disneyland, Inc. In 1949, Ice Capades added a Disney segment to its performances. Costumes from those shows were used at the opening of Disneyland in 1955 with some performers hired away for Disney.[10] Originally, entry into the theme park and travel business was a side project of Walt Disney himself. As the Disneylandia project started to become a reality, Walt Disney Productions at Walt's request set up Disneyland, Inc. (DLI) in 1951 and agreed to a design deal in March 1953 with WED Enterprises (WED), Walt's personal corporation, which then included what would now be called Walt Disney Imagineering.[11][CDL 1] With the WED concept designs and prospectus for Disneylandia, Roy Disney in September 1953 met with TV networks in a deal for Disney-produced TV show and Disneyland investment. American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (AB-PT) agreed to the Disneyland, Inc. investment.[11] Joining AB-PT as Disneyland investors were Walt Disney Productions (WDP), Western Publishing and Walt Disney.[CDL 2] Walt Disney Productions had the option to repurchase the Walt Disney, WED and Western Publishing shares (31%) by May 1, 1959, for $562,500.[12] With a need for the Disneyland Hotel nearby and no funding available for Disney to build it, Walt Disney approached Jack Wrather to build the hotel who agreed.[13] Disneyland, changed from Disneylandia, was announced in April 1954 by Walt to be opened in July 1955.[CDL 3][CDL 4] On July 17, 1955, the Disneyland park opened with five themed "lands" containing eighteen attractions with double the expected guests.[CDL 5] WED owned Santa Fe & Disneyland Railroad opened, too.[14] On June 29, 1957, Disney Production exercised its options to purchase all but AB-PT's common stock outstanding. This allowed WDP to consolidate DLI into its 1957 annual accounting statements adding four months' worth of net profits, $511K.[15] In June 1960, Walt Disney Productions completed the purchase of AB-PT's share of the company for nearly $7.5 million and its TV contract, and the theme park became a fully owned subsidiary of Walt Disney Productions.[CDL 6] The first Audio-Animatronic attraction, Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, opened at Disneyland in 1963.[16] History Beginning in 1958 with the contracting of Economics Research Associates (ERA) to find a location for another Disney resort, Disney Productions moved beyond a single park. ERA recommended Florida; another study in 1961 named Ocala or Orlando in Florida as possible locations. In November 1963, Walt Disney made a trip to Florida for final site selection.[CDW 1]:333, 334 In 1962, Disney Productions purchased Celebrity Sports Center (opened on September 17, 1960, in Denver, Colorado) from its owners, including Walt Disney, Art Linkletter, and John Payne, to use as a staff training center for its second resort.[17] In 1963, Roy made plans to buy from 5,000 to 10,000 acres (2,000 to 4,000 ha), which was carried out in 1964, amassing 27,443 acres (11,106 ha) by October 1965.[CDW 2][CDW 3] Plans for the Florida project that would eventually become Walt Disney World were announced to the public in November 1965.[CDW 3] Legislation forming the Reedy Creek Improvement District was signed into law by Florida Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr. on May 12, 1967, allowing Disney to build the infrastructure for the second park.[CDW 4] Ground breaking followed for the future Reedy Creek park on May 30.[CDW 5] In Roy O. Disney's last act as CEO in 1968, he officially named the second park Walt Disney World.[CDW 1]:357 Disneyland International was incorporated on November 20, 1961.[18] The next year, The Oriental Land Company contacted Disney about building a theme park.[19] In 1959, the WED-owned Disneyland-Alweg Monorail System was installed at Disneyland.[14][20] Disneyland's first new themed land, New Orleans Square, opened in 1966. Tomorrowland was revamped in 1967 with seven new attractions.[20] The design and architectural group and the WED Enterprise name was purchased from Walt's corporation, renamed as Retlaw Enterprise.[14] Disney expanded into attractions at the 1964 New York World's Fair with It's a Small World[21] and costumed character appearances. When the characters proved a hit at the 1964 World's Fair, Walt wanted another outlet for "live" characters; thus, Disneyland put on Disney on Parade, a self-produced live arena show starting in 1969.[10][22] Small World and its famous song lasted two years at the fair; it was then moved to Disneyland as an expanded major attraction in 1966 and later duplicated in the other Disney theme parks.[21] In 1965, Walt Disney won a bid with the US Forest Service to develop Mineral King as a ski resort. The Sierra Club sued in June 1969 to stop the development, which was granted by the federal district judge. The Forest Service appealed and won at the appeal and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruling left open to the club the possibility of refiling. In the next round of lawsuits, the same district judge blocked the redevelopment. The injunction and the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act led to Disney backing out.[23] $40 million worth of Walt Disney Productions Convertible Debentures were sold in January 1968 to fund Disney World (WDW). The next year in February, an agreement was made with multiple labor unions, in which the unions exchanged the right to strike for regular pay increases during the first building phase.[CDW 6] By 1971, chairman of the Park Operations Committee and vice president of park operations Dick Nunis was appointed executive vice president of Disneyland and Walt Disney World.[24] Walt Disney World began operation on October 1, 1971, with the Magic Kingdom park at a cost of $400 million. The Magic Kingdom had six themed lands: Main Street, Adventureland, Fantasyland, Frontierland, Liberty Square, and Tomorrowland.[CDW 7] Additionally, Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort campground and two hotels, Disney's Contemporary Resort and Disney's Polynesian Village Resort, also opened.[CDW 8] Disneyland expanded in 1972 with a seventh themed land, Bear Country, replacing the Indian Village of Frontierland, and later renamed Critter Country. In 1979, the Disneyland crafts and maintenance union workers went on strike for 15 days, at first, rejecting and then accepting the park's contract.[20] Space Mountain opens at Disneyland in 1977.[20] Two more hotels opened in 1973 at Walt Disney World: the Golf Resort[25] and the Gold Resort;[CDW 9] Disney's Village Resort hotel opened in 1974.[citation needed] Disney opened the Buena Vista Club golf club in Lake Buena Vista on November 22, 1974.[CDW0 1]:71 Lake Buena Vista Village, the shopping area, opened on March 22, 1975[CDW0 1] and was renamed Walt Disney World Village in 1977.[26]:280 Celebrity Sports Center, Disney World's training center, was sold on March 29, 1979.[17] At Walt Disney World, the Treasure Island nature preserve pens opened on April 8, 1974,[CDW0 2]:569 renamed Discovery Island in 1977.[CDW0 1]:126 On July 1, 1975, the WEDway PeopleMover opened in the Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland.[CDW0 3] The first water park, River Country, opened on June 20, 1976 at Disney World.[CDW0 4]:22 EPCOT Center's groundbreaking occurred at Walt Disney World in May 1979.[CDW0 5] In 1979, Oriental Land and Disney agreed to build a Japanese theme park.[19] Tokyo Disneyland opened on April 15, 1983 on 200 acres (80 ha) in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.[27] Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division With the retirement of Donn Tatum as Walt Disney Productions' Chairman and CEO on June 3, 1980, three divisions were formed, including the Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division, of which Disney Legend, Dick Nunis was named division president.[CDW0 6] Disneyland started using Disney Dollars on May 5, 1987,[CDL4 1] while Walt Disney World parks started with Epcot on October 2.[CDW1 1] A renegotiated Disneyland Japan royalty agreement in April 1988 by Chief Financial Officer Gary L. Wilson netted Disney US$723 million in cash in exchange for lower royalty payments.[CDW0 7] The steam railroad and monorail at Disneyland were purchased from Retlaw Enterprises, formerly WED Enterprises, in 1982.[20] Bear Country was renamed Critter Country on November 23, 1988.[CDL4 2] Tishman Company's plans for two Walt Disney World hotels were rejected by the new CEO Michael Eisner on September 30, 1984, marking a change in Disney architecture. New plans for the Dolphin and Swan hotels were submitted by Michael Graves in July 1986;[CDW1 2] ground breaking took place on January 28, 1988.[CDW1 3] The first non-Disney owned hotel, Pickett Suite Resort, opened in Disney World Village on March 15, 1987.[CDW1 4] On June 1, 1982, the Walt Disney World monorail line was extended to EPCOT Center from the Ticket and Transportation Center.[CDW0 1]:338 The EPCOT Center theme park opened on October 1, 1982, at a building cost of US$1.2 billion, with two areas, Future World and World Showcase.[CDW0 8]:272 Plans for a Hollywood-style theme park were announced in April 1985 for the Walt Disney World resort at a project cost of US$300 million.[CDW1 5] In April 1985, Disney signed a licensing agreement with MGM, giving Disney the right to use the MGM name, logo and movie library for this third park.[28] Construction of the Disney-MGM Studios theme park began in 1986.[CDW1 6] Disney-MGM Studios opened on May 1, 1989,[CDW1 7] along with a Pleasure Island entertainment area;[CDW1 8] its second water park, Disney's Typhoon Lagoon, opened on June 1.[CDW1 9] In 1983, Walt Disney World Village's name was changed to the Disney Village Marketplace.[CDW1 10] A new themed area, Mickey's Birthdayland, opened in the Magic Kingdom near Fantasyland on June 18, 1988.[CDW1 11] In 1987, Disney and Ron Brierley's Industrial Equity (Pacific) Ltd., already a 28% owner of the Wrather Corporation, agreed to purchase the remaining Wrather Corporation stock with a 50% share each.[29][30] Wrather Corporation owned the Disneyland Hotel and operated the Queen Mary and Spruce Goose tourist attractions.[29] In March 1988, Disney purchased Industrial Equity's half of Wrather Corporation.[30] In 1985, Premier Cruise Line became the licensed partner cruise line with Disney. This allowed Disney characters on their ships and combined cruise, hotel, and theme park packages.[31] Walt Disney Attractions The Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division was incorporated as Walt Disney Attractions, Inc. on August 10, 1989.[32] In January 1990, Disney CEO Eisner announced plans to expand both Disneyland (by 20% in 10 years)[CDC 1] and Walt Disney World (WDW). The plan would have WDW add another theme park and 16 new attractions in Disney-MGM Studios.[CDW2 1] Disney and The Coca-Cola Company agreed to a 15-year marketing contract on January 25: Coca-Cola products would be exclusive in Disney theme parks, and Coca-Cola would use some Disney characters in their ads.[CDC 2] On March 16, 1990, Attractions president Nunis announced a 25-year plan for a 4,400-acre (1,800 ha) development in Osceola, Florida, with homes, shopping malls and industrial buildings.[CDC 3] In 1990, the possibility of a West Coast version of Epcot Center was placed in development.[CDC 4] This was announced as WestCOT in 1991, to be placed at the Disneyland Resort.[20] On July 31, 1990, a new 350-acre (140 ha) ocean-themed park and resort, Port Disney, was announced for Long Beach. Port was to have a cruise-ship terminal, five hotels, restaurants, and shopping areas, costing $2 billion to build.[CDC 5] On December 12, 1991, Disney selected only one California project to go forward with, Disneyland Resort, which was to include the WestCOT Center, hotels, a shopping mall, and a lake. [CDL5 1] Port Disney was abandoned in March 1992, and Disney canceled its leases on the Queen Mary and Spruce Goose attractions picked up from the Wrather Corporation.[CDC 6] Mickey's Toontown, a new themed land at Disneyland, opened on January 24, 1993.[CDL5 2] Disney canceled its plans for WestCOT in mid-1995 due to financial issues at Disneyland Paris and the park's projected high cost. That park was then replaced by plans for the California Adventure park, hotels, and a retail district.[33] At Walt Disney World, Mickey's Birthdayland closed on April 22, 1991, then reopened on May 26 as Mickey's Starland.[CDW2 2]324, 329, 333 In order to expand Disney World on wetland, on April 23, 1993, the company agreed to form an 8,500-acre (3,400 ha) wilderness preserve in Florida, known as the Disney Wilderness Preserve.[CDW2 3] The Disney Inn hotel was leased starting February 1, 1994, by the US Army, then purchased on January 12, 1996, and later renamed Shades of Green.[CDW2 2]130 Planet Hollywood opened a location in Pleasure Island on December 17, 1994.[CDW1 12] The third water park at Walt Disney World, Disney's Blizzard Beach, opened on April 1, 1995.[CDW3 1] The Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland was completely refurbished and reopened in June 1995.[CDW3 2] Taking up a corner of the Magic Kingdom parking lot, the Walt Disney World Speedway opened on November 28, 1995.[CDW3 3] In 1996, the Disney Institute opened on February 9,[CDW3 4] and Disney's BoardWalk opened on July 1.[CDW3 5] The first of the World of Disney stores opened in the Disney Village Marketplace on October 3.[CDW3 6] The Downtown Disney district opened in November 1997, combining Disney Village Marketplace and Pleasure Island.[CDW3 7] A fourth theme park, Disney's Animal Kingdom, opened at Disney World the week of April 20, 1998.[34] The first Disney Vacation Club Resorts, Vacation Club Resort, opened on October 1, 1991, and was renamed Disney's Old Key West Resort in January 1996. These vacation club hotels were operated by Disney Vacation Developments, Inc. as vacation timeshares.[CDW2 4] The first off-resort vacation club hotel was Vacation Club Resort, which opened on October 1, 1995, in Vero Beach, Florida.[CDC 7] In 1993, Premier Cruises discontinued its partnership with Disney for one with Warner Bros. After failing to reach agreements with Carnival or Royal Caribbean, Disney announced in 1994 the formation of its cruise line. The Disney Cruise Line launched with the Disney Magic ship in 1998 along with its exclusive resort island port of Castaway Cay.[31] Disney reportedly had plans to build a park named Disney's America. The park was to have been located in Haymarket, Virginia; 2,300 acres (930 ha) of property were purchased from Exxon in 1993.[CDC 8] The history-themed park was announced on November 11, 1993. The plans for the 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) called for a 150-acre (61 ha) amusement park, a campground, a golf course, 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of office/commercial space, and 2500 homes.[CDC 9] With projections indicating that the park would operate at a loss and with opposition in the press, Disney canceled the project on September 15, 1994.[CDC 10] Walt Disney Imagineering created Disney Fair, a U.S. traveling attraction, which premiered in September 1996. The fair was poorly attended and was pulled after a few stops. Disney Entertainment Projects (Asia Pacific) Inc., a new Disney Asian Pacific subsidiary, selected a renamed fair called DisneyFest as its first project, taking it to Singapore to open there on October 30, 1997.[35] In November 1995, Disney announced the building of Tokyo DisneySea, to be owned by Oriental along with Tokyo Disneyland.[27] Oriental and Disney signed the DisneySea licensing agreement in November 1997; the theme park was scheduled to open in 2001 at a cost of $2.6 billion.[36] In December 1998, Walt Disney Attractions added Disneyland Paris, Disney Regional Entertainment and Walt Disney Imagineering to its portfolio, which already held Disney World, Disney Cruise Line, Disneyland, and Tokyo Disneyland. Chairman Dick Nunis retired at the same time.[37] On October 31, 1999, Walt Disney Attractions, Inc. was merged into Walt Disney Attractions, LLC.[38] On June 19, 1998, Disney Regional Entertainment opened its first DisneyQuest, a location-based entertainment venue, at Downtown Disney West Side in Walt Disney World.[39] The first DisneyQuest outside of a resort was opened in Chicago on June 16, 1999, with plans for more locations worldwide.[40] In 1999, plans were announced for a new resort in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Disneyland, as a joint venture, Hong Kong International Theme Parks Ltd., between the Hong Kong Government and Disney Resorts.[41] The Disney Wonder cruise ship began operation on August 15.[42] Disney World's Discovery Island was closed on April 8, 1999.[43] Disney Destinations Walt Disney Attractions, LLC changed its name to Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, LLC on April 14, 2000, then to Disney Destinations, LLC on April 25, 2006.[44] Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort opened on September 4, 2001.[45] The Walt Disney Company in selling its Japanese and US chains decided to keep the Disney Stores in Europe, along with the store in Manhattan, which was converted into a World of Disney store run by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts in 2004.[46] Downtown Disney opened at the Disneyland Resort on January 12, 2001, between Disneyland and the future California Adventure. [CDC 11] Disney California Adventure Park opened at the Disneyland Resort on February 8, 2001, with three major areas: Paradise Pier, Hollywood Pictures Backlot, and the Golden State.[33] In California Adventure on October 6, 2002, A Bug's Land area opened.[CDC 12] Parks and Resorts chairman Jay Rasulo announced at Disney's D23 Expo in Anaheim, California on September 12, 2009, that Walt Disney World's Fantasyland would be overhauled and increased in size by 2013.[CDC 13] A $1 billion expansion/renovation of Disney California Adventure Park was announced in 2007 to be completed by 2012.[47] River Country water park closed on September 1, 2001.[CDC 14][48] Disney-MGM Studios is renamed Disney's Hollywood Studios in January 2008.[49] Pleasure Island's core remaining six nightclubs were closed down in late 2008 to change the area to match the family friendly make-up of the other two sections of Downtown Disney at Disney World.[50] Walt Disney Studios Park opened March 16, 2002, as the second theme park at the renamed Disneyland Resort Paris. The first park was renamed Disneyland Park (DLP).[CDC 15] DLP Paris opened in August 2000 Toy Story Playland with three attractions.[51] Construction on Hong Kong Disneyland began on January 12, 2003,[52] then opened September 12, 2005.[CDC 16] Groundbreaking occurred at Hong Kong Disneyland in December 2009 for a three land expansion: Mystic Point, Grizzly Gulch, and Toy Story Land.[CDC 17] In June 2005, Disney Magic made the first cruise outside of the Caribbean, by moving its port for the summer to Los Angeles with a Mexican Riviera schedule.[42] Disney Cruise Line ordered a new 2 ships class from Meyer Werft shipyard in Germany by February 22, 2007.[42][CDC 18] The Magic in May 2007 transferred its homeport to Barcelona, Spain, for the lines' first summer Mediterranean itinerary then returned to its permanent port in September.[42] The Chicago DisneyQuest location was closed in September 2001.[53] Disney Parks started the Adventures by Disney tour vacation business in 2005.[54] Disney entered a float, "The Most Magical Celebration on Earth", into the 2006 Pasadena Tournament of Roses parade.[CDC 19] In October 2007, Disney announced plans to build a resort at Ko Olina Resort & Marina in Kapolei, Hawaii, featuring both a hotel and Disney Vacation Club timeshare units. The 800-unit property, named Aulani, opened in 2011 and joined the other resorts not associated with a theme park, such as Disney's Hilton Head Island Resort in South Carolina.[55] With the Walt Disney World Millennium Celebration starting on October 1, 2000, sanctioned Disney Pin Trading was started.[CDC 20][CDC 21] In 2001, the Themed Entertainment Association gave Disney Parks and Resorts the Thea Award for Breakthrough Innovation for the park's FastPass system.[CDC 22] Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. was incorporated on September 29, 2008,[2] and took over the parks and resorts business segment. Disney Parks and Resorts reorganized in early 2009 which included layoffs in all units due to recession-induced falling attendance. 600 U.S. managers in January were buyout packages. Worldwide Operations was formed under President Al Weiss in 2009. Worldwide Operations would take over various back-office functions previously performed by both Disney World and Disneyland including training, procurement, menu planning, and merchandise development. While its Walt Disney Imagineering subsidiary combined its three development units.[56] In November 2009, Disney received approval from the Chinese government to build a Disneyland resort in Shanghai's Pudong district.[57] The resort opened on June 16, 2016.[58] California Adventure completed its overhaul in 2012 adding two new lands: Cars Land and Buena Vista Street. The overhaul also included a re-themed of several attractions plus a pair of classic dark rides.[47] In July 2017, it was announced that Paradise Pier land would be replaced by Pixar Pier,[59] with four neighborhoods, and the remainder not in Pixar Pier would be replaced by Paradise Park. Pixar Pier opened on June 23, 2018.[60] Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, a 14-acre (5.7 ha) themed land for both Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios announced at the D23 Expo on August 15, 2015.[61] Construction began at both locations on April 14, 2016.[62] The lands at both parks opened in 2019.[63] The New Fantasyland at Magic Kingdom opened on December 6, 2012. It is the biggest upgrade to the theme park since its opening in 1971.[64] Announced along with its new Star Wars Land expansion at the D23 Expo on August 15, 2015, Hollywood Studios was slated to have a version of Toy Story Land.[65] Holz became president of New Vacation Operations of Parks & Resorts[66] reporting to Al Weiss, president of worldwide operations for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.[67] by April 2008.[68] In February 2009, Holz returned to the presidency of Disney Cruise Line in addition to his continuing as head of New Vacation Operations,[66] which was primarily Adventures by Disney. As an extension of the "One Disney" initiative and the resignation of Weiss, Disney Vacation Club was added to New Vacation Operations. While Holz and Meg Crofton joined Disney Parks and Resorts executive committee in July 2011. At that time, Crofton was transferred from Disney World president to president of operations in the U.S. and France, a new positions.[67] The Disney Dream ship began service in January 2011 and Disney Cruise Line (DCL) announced the maiden voyage of the Disney Fantasy to be March 31, 2012. The Dream deployment allowed Disney Wonder to be stationed at Port of Los Angeles for Mexican Riviera cruises,[69] but initial served in the short Alaska cruise season.[31] Magic moved to New York for Canadian or Bahama cruises starting May 25, 2012.[CDC 23] DCL's Magic was refitted in late 2013.[70] The first of three expansion theme lands at Hong Kong Disneyland, Toy Story Land, opened on November 18, 2011.[71] Grizzly Gulch opened at Hong Kong Disneyland on July 13, 2012.[72] The final land of this expansion, Mystic Point, opened at Hong Kong Disneyland on May 17, 2013.[73] On February 5, 2015, it was announced that Tom Staggs had been promoted to Disney Company Chief operating officer but would continue as chairman of Parks and Resorts until his successor was named.[74] On February 23, 2015, Robert Chapek was named chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts effective that day.[75] On April 29, 2015, The Walt Disney Company, through the subsidiary, Carousel Holdings Eat LLC, has purchased Carousel Inn & Suites hotel in Anaheim, from Good Hope International for $32 million. The purchase was considered a strategic purchase; the hotel would not be considered a part of the Disneyland hotel portfolio and would operate independently.[76] Disney indicted in August 2016, that the company would be closing the Carousel Inn in October 2016 in preparation for razing it as part of plans to construct a new parking structure, transit plaza and pedestrian bridge over Harbor Boulevard.[77] On February 10, 2017, Disney revealed a deal to purchase Kingdom Holding Co.'s shares of Euro Disney S.C.A. as the first step in purchasing the remaining shares held by others. Disney has offered about $2.12 a share, a 67% premium over the Euronext Paris Stock Exchange value as of February 9. The company expects the buyout and delisting to be finished by June. Plans are for the company to invest another $1.4 billion into Disneyland Paris after the buyout to counteract the recent Paris terrorist attack, which hurt a previous 2014 park hotel investment. If this buyout is successful, it would make the resort the only resort 100% owned and operated by Disney outside of the United States of America.[78] On June 13, 2017, The Walt Disney Company reached the 95% threshold required for a mandatory takeover according to French law, owning 97.08% of Euro Disney S.C.A., paving the way for The Walt Disney Company to become the sole owner and operator of Disneyland Paris.[79] Disney Parks, Experiences and Products As part of The Walt Disney Companyâs March 2018 strategic reorganization, Disney Consumer Products, and Interactive Media was merged into the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts segment and renamed Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. Parks and Resorts Chairman Bob Chapek was named chairman of this new segment, who also previously served as head of Disney Consumer Products.[1] At the time, the Consumer Products chairman position was vacant, as its former holder, James Pitaro, had been recently appointed as the new head of ESPN and co-chair of Disney Media Networks.[80] In March 2018, a Disney Parks West regional division was formed with Disneyland Resort in California, Walt Disney World in Florida, and Disneyland Paris under Catherine Powell, outgoing Disneyland Paris president. This mirrors the Disney Parks East regional division consisting of Shanghai Disney Resort, Hong Kong Disneyland and Walt Disney Attractions Japan and headed by Michael Colglazier. Imagineering was expected to take on the development of merchandise, games, publishing, and apps. Paul Gainer moved up from Disney Retail head to head up the new Global Product Management and Distribution unit, which includes Disney Retail, Global Licensing, and digital guest experience.[81][82][83] New Vacation Operations and Disney Cruise Line division was renamed Disney Signature Experiences along with a new president, Jeff Vahle, for the division in April 2018.[84] On January 1, 2019, Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products changed its name to Disney Parks, Experiences and Products.[85] Disney Cruise Line purchase in early March 2019 another Bahamas destination, Lighthouse Point property on the island of Eleuthera.[86] In July 2019, Disney denied reports of plans to launch its own airline with the purchase of small regional airlines in the United States.[87][88] With the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by August 2019, National Geographic Partners' non-TV operations were transferred into its Disney counterpart with NG Media and National Geographic Expeditions moving to the segment's units, Disney Publishing Worldwide and Disney Signature Experiences, respectively.[89] Powell supervised the two Star Wars-themed land, Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, openings in May at Disneyland and August 2019 in Disney's Hollywood Studios. However, initial numbers showed an attendance dropped instead of the boost such an opening should have generated. In late September, Powell left the company with the Parks West regional division being dissolved, thus having those resorts' executives directly report to chairman Chapek.[90] He denied that Powell was let go because of the low attendance issue from Galaxy's Edge, but instead, Powell's position was a temporary one to allow Chapek to focus on the acquisition of 21st Century Fox.[91] Powell's departure from Disney was soon followed by a domino of executive appointments, as announced on September 26, 2019.[91] George Kalogridis, then-president of the Walt Disney World Resort, was promoted as the president of segment development and enrichment. Kalogridis is replaced by Josh D'Amaro, then-president of the Disneyland Resort, as president of the Walt Disney World Resort. In turn, D'Amaro was replaced by Rebecca Campbell as president of the Disneyland Resort. Campbell transferred from the Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International segment where she served as the president of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Both D'Amaro and Campbell assumed these roles in November 2019. In addition, Michael Colglazier is also promoted as the president and managing director of Disney Parks International and will oversee Disneyland Paris as well as those under the Parks East regional division.[92] In February 2020, Chapek was promoted from chairman of this segment to chief executive officer of the Walt Disney Company under executive chairman Bob Iger.[93] With the closure of all Disney parks in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic, Disney donated 150,000 rain ponchos usually sold at the parks to MedShare, to be distributed in hospitals.[94] In May 2020, CEO Chapek named new appointees under the Disney Parks, Experiences, and Products segment. Succeeding Chapek as chairman of this segment is Josh D'Amaro, then-president of the Walt Disney World Resort. Jeff Vahle, then-president of Disney Signature Experiences, replaced D'Amaro as president of the Walt Disney World Resort. Thomas Mazloum, senior vice president for transportation and resort operations at the Walt Disney World Resort, succeeded Vahle as president of Disney Signature Experiences. In addition, Kareem Daniel, former president of operations/product creation/publishing/games at Walt Disney Imagineering, was named president of consumer products, games and publishing.[95] Ken Potrock replaced Rebecca Campbell as president of the Disneyland Resort;[95] Campbell returned to the Director-to-Consumer & International segment as its chairman, replacing Kevin Mayer.[96] On July 15, 2020, it was announced that Jill Estorino, then-executive vice president, global marketing and sales, replaced Michael Colglazier as president and managing director of Disney Parks International, supervising Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland, and Shanghai Disney Resort.[97] On September 28, 2020, D'Amaro announced the difficult decision to lay off over 28,000 employees in the parks division, many of them being part-time workers. D'Amaro cited the uncertainty of the ongoing pandemic as well as California's continued reluctance to reopen Disneyland as factors.[98] Nearly 6,700 Central Florida employees, including almost 6,500 Disney World workers, were also among those laid off.[99] On October 13, 2020, Disney CEO and former Disney Park, Experiences and Products head Bob Chapek agreed to keep Disney World at only 25% capacity until the Center For Disease Control (CDC) issued new guidance and also stated that with regards to reopening Disneyland, "It's not much of a negotiation. It's pretty much a mandate that we stay closed."[100] Disney resorts See also: List of Disney theme park attractions Disney Parks, Experiences and Products is located in EarthShanghai Disney ResortShanghai Disney ResortHong Kong Disneyland ResortHong Kong Disneyland ResortDisneyland ParisDisneyland ParisTokyo Disney ResortTokyo Disney ResortWalt Disney WorldWalt Disney WorldDisneyland ResortDisneyland Resort Locations of Disney resorts â Red pog.svg International Blue pog.svg US direct reports Green pog.svg Owned by The Oriental Land Company, licensed under International division Disneyland Resort Main article: Disneyland Resort Disneyland was founded as a single park by Walt Disney and opened on July 17, 1955, in Anaheim, California. Disneyland Hotel opened to the public on October 5, 1955. In 2001, the site expanded significantly and was renamed the Disneyland Resort with the opening of Disney California Adventure Park on February 8, 2001, Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa on January 2, 2001, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel on December 15, 2000, and Downtown Disney on January 12, 2001. Disneyland was re-branded Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the larger resort complex. The resort focuses on Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters and occupies 500 acres (2.0 km2). Walt Disney World Main article: Walt Disney World The Walt Disney World resort opened October 1, 1971, in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, with the Magic Kingdom theme park and three resort hotels. It expanded with the opening of Epcot in 1982, Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon in 1989, Disney's Blizzard Beach in 1995, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998, Disney Springs retail, dining, and entertainment complex, eight golf courses, and 18 new resort hotels. The resort is the largest (by area) and most-visited vacation resort in the world, with four theme parks, two water parks, a shopping, dining, and entertainment complex, 21 resort hotels, eight golf courses, and several additional recreational activities, and covers 27,258 acres. Other venues: ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Tokyo Disney Resort Main article: Tokyo Disney Resort Tokyo Disney Resort, in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, opened April 15, 1983, as Tokyo Disneyland. On September 4, 2001, the resort expanded with Tokyo DisneySea. There are several resort hotels on-site, but only three are owned by the resort, which boasts the largest parking structure in the world. Designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, the resort is fully owned and operated by The Oriental Land Company and licensed by The Walt Disney Company. The Walt Disney Attractions Japan team at The Walt Disney Company communicates with the Oriental Land Company over all aspects of the resort and assigns Imagineers to it. Its properties, below, are divided into parks, shopping centers, and lodging. Shopping, dining, and entertainment complex: Ikspiari Disneyland Paris Main article: Disneyland Paris Disneyland Paris, Disney's second international resort complex, and the largest Disney resort outside the United States, opened on April 12, 1992, as Euro Disney Resort. Located in Marne-la-VallĂ©e in the suburbs of Paris, France, it features two theme parks, a golf course, an entertainment complex, and seven Disney resort hotels. It is the only resort outside the United States fully owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company.[78] Its properties, listed below, occupy 4,940 acres (20.0 km2) and are divided into parks and shopping centers. Hong Kong Disneyland Resort Main article: Hong Kong Disneyland Resort Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, Disney's fifth resort and its second in Asia, opened September 12, 2005. The resort is located in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. The resort consists of Hong Kong Disneyland theme park, Inspiration Lake Recreation Centre, and three hotels, with land reserved for future expansion. It is owned and operated by Hong Kong International Theme Parks, an incorporated company jointly owned by The Walt Disney Company and the Government of Hong Kong. The first phase of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort occupies 320 acres (1.3 km2). Shanghai Disney Resort Main article: Shanghai Disney Resort In November 2009, Disney received approval from the central government of China to build a Disney theme park, Shanghai Disneyland Park, in Shanghai's Pudong district. "China is one of the most dynamic, exciting and important countries in the world and this approval marks a very significant milestone for Walt Disney Co in mainland China," said Robert Iger, president and CEO of Disney.[101] The resort opened on June 16, 2016.[58] A groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 7, 2011.[102] Shopping, dining, and entertainment complex: Disneytown Training Each new employee ("cast member") at a Disney theme park is trained at a Disney University, founded by Walt Disney in 1955. Before training specific to the work they will perform, each employee attends the "Disney Traditions" course where they learn about the philosophies and history of Disney's guest services.[103][104] Abandoned and misreported concepts Main article: List of Disney attractions that were never built Disney had plans to build Walt Disney's Riverfront Square in St. Louis, but canceled the project in July 1965. In the 1960s, Disney initiated a plan for a ski resort at Mineral King in California. Opposition from environmental groups led by the Sierra Club led to a temporary court injunction in 1969 and legal battles through the 1970s. The project's planning and scale changed multiple times, and in 1978, Mineral King was annexed into Sequoia National Park, ending any possibility of developing a resort there.[105] Disney had plans to build a park named Disney's America in Haymarket, Virginia, but abandoned the idea in 1994. On September 28, 1994, Michael Eisner announced Disney was canceling its plans after a bruising national media fight with Protect Historic America, and aggressive local opposition in Virginia from Protect Prince William and other citizen groups. Disney had plans to build a smaller Disneyland-style theme park in Sydney, Australia, between 2007 and 2008, with the proposed name "Disney Wharf at Sydney Harbour", but the concept was abandoned due to mixed responses in the New South Wales Government.[106] In early January 2011, conflicting reports emerged regarding Disney's involvement in a proposed entertainment complex in Haifa, Israel, whose plans include a small (30,000 square meter) amusement park scheduled to open in 2013. The project will be partially funded by Shamrock Holdings, a Disney-affiliated investment firm. In the wake of reports from Israeli business newspaper, Globes and industry newswire Amusement Management that Disney itself would be involved in the project's development, a spokesperson for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts clarified to Fast Company that Disney did not have any plans to be involved in the building of the park.[107] Disney intellectual properties outside Disney parks Due to its acquisitions of Marvel Entertainment in 2009, Lucasfilm in 2012 and 20th Century Studios in 2019, some Disney-owned franchises are represented in its competitors' parks. Marvel Entertainment Marvel Super Hero Island, a themed land featuring characters and settings from Marvel Comics, has operated at Universal Orlando Resort's Islands of Adventure park since 1999, as well as the Islands of Adventure, cloned ride The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man at Universal Studios Japan since 2004. Under Marvel's 1994 agreement with Universal Parks & Resorts in regional terms, none of the Marvel characters and other persons related to such characters (e.g., side characters, team members, and the villains associated with the Avengers, Fantastic Four, X-Men, Spider-Man, etc.) connected with Islands of Adventure and Universal Studios Japan can be used at Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney Resort.[108] The Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disney Resort also cannot use the Marvel brand name as part of an attraction or marketing and the Marvel-themed simulator ride.[109] This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet-and-greets with Marvel characters not associated with the ones present at Islands of Adventure, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy,[110][111] and Doctor Strange.[112] Hong Kong Disneyland, Shanghai Disneyland, and Disneyland Paris either have or planned to incorporate meet and greets as well as attractions relating to the Marvel characters, as well as using the Marvel name and the Marvel simulator ride. IMG Worlds of Adventure in Dubai has a Marvel-themed section.[113] Star Wars A Star Wars-themed section of Legoland California's Miniland USA opened in 2011, with a similar version opening at Legoland Florida[114] in November 2012, just weeks before Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm and the Star Wars franchise. However, the Star Wars-themed sections at Miniland USA, Legoland Florida, and other Legoland areas will close at the start of 2020 before the 2020 theme park season due to the expiration of their contract with Lucasfilm.[115] 20th Century Studios Following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox in March 2019, The Simpsons became the intellectual property of Disney. Like Marvel before it, The Simpsons is represented in Universal parks, with The Simpsons Ride having operated at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida since 2008, with accompanying themed areas based on the show's setting of Springfield. The Fox acquisition also made Disney responsible for the future of Malaysia's under-construction 20th Century Fox World theme park. The park's owner, Genting Group, filed a $1.75 billion lawsuit against The Walt Disney Company and 21st Century Fox in November 2018, accusing Fox of trying to back out of the deal for licensing the theme park. In the suit, Genting Malaysia alleges that Fox has taken steps to cancel the contract. The suit also names Disney as a defendant, contending that Disney executives, following the company's then-pending acquisition of Fox, were "calling the shots" on the project and that they were opposed to the park because they would have "no control" over its operations and that it would be adjacent to a casino, which would go against Disney's "family-friendly" image.[116] Fox, in turn, referred to the suit as "without merit", stating that their reasons for withdrawing from the deal were due to Genting consistently not meeting "agreed-upon deadlines for several years" and that Genting's attempts to blame Disney for Fox's default were "made up".[117] In July 2019, it was announced that Fox and Genting had settled their respective lawsuits. As part of the deal, Genting would be given "a license to use certain Fox intellectual properties" and that non-Fox intellectual property would make up the rest of the attractions in the park. The outdoor park would also no longer be referred to as 20th Century Fox World, but instead would be named Genting SkyWorlds.[118][119] Adaptations While Disney Parks generally adapt movies into rides, some Disney theme park attractions have been adapted into or have served inspiration for films,[120] books,[121] comic books,[122] and television pilots. Disney entered the television field with a network TV show named after Disneyland (which was then its only park, and was being built at the time), in order to fund the park. In this series, some episodes featured the park or a park attraction.[123] The Walt Disney Company pioneered and is the only film company and theme park company to have converted theme park attractions to film productions. However, lackluster results were achieved for most of these films except for the Pirates of the Caribbean series.[124] Walt Disney Pictures produced two Pirates of the Caribbean sequels in 2006 and 2011 that made over a billion-dollar at the box office.[125] At first, Disney had merely dabbled with this type of film. Disney Telefilms made the first movie-based-on-ride, Tower of Terror, for the Wonderful World of Disney anthology television series in 1997.[126] In 2000, Touchstone Pictures made Mission to Mars based on the closed ride of the same name.[124][127] Walt Disney Pictures took the Country Bear Jamboree attraction and made it into The Country Bears in 2002. In 2003, Walt Disney Pictures issued two ride-based films in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl and The Haunted Mansion. Pirates of the Caribbean launched a film series and a franchise.[124] After four Pirates sequels, the franchise took in more than $5.4 billion worldwide.[128] Disney Publishing Worldwide started mining Disney Parks with its The Kingdom Keepers series. The first novel of the series, Disney after Dark, was released in 2005.[121] A five-book series was laid out by Pearson, but was extended to seven with the first book's success.[129] With the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise as Disney Pictures' top franchise,[125] the company had been looking for additional projects in this category for a decade.[130] Disney Pictures took another push at additional adaptations in the 2010s.[130] By November 2010, Jon Favreau had been tapped to develop the Magic Kingdom park into a "Night at the Museum" like film, with Strike Entertainment signed on to produce it[131] after a script by Ronald D. Moore was turned down.[132] Another Haunted Mansion film was in the works with Guillermo del Toro as of August 2012.[130] Mr. Toad's Wild Ride ride film was in the works at Disney Pictures by January 2013.[133] Tomorrowland, first to be loosely based on a theme park area,[134] was announced in January 2013 for a December 2014 release.[130] Also in 2013, American Broadcasting Company had ordered a pilot based on Big Thunder Mountain Railroad.[135] It's A Small World was added to the list of known projects in April 2014.[136] Tower of Terror was given a theatrical treatment by John August under producer Jim Whitaker in October 2015, while the long-in-production Jungle Cruise gained an actor.[135] Marvel Worldwide with Disney announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first comic book title under their joint Disney Kingdoms imprint.[122] Running for six miniseries, Disney Kingdoms would feature adaptations of the unbuilt Museum of the Weird, two serials about Figment and Dreamfinder from Epcot's Journey into Imagination, Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, the Haunted Mansion, and Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room. Disney Publishing Worldwide's revived Disney Comics imprint[137] first publication was the Space Mountain graphic novel released on May 7, 2014 and based on the same name park attraction.[138] On March 31, 2015, the first novel in The Kingdom Keepers sequel trilogy series was released.[139] In May 2017, Freeform cable channel aired a special documentary, Disney's Fairy Tale Weddings, based on the services provided by Disney Parks and Resorts unit, Disney's Fairy Tale Weddings & Honeymoons. With success of the May special, the show was picked up as a series with seven episodes in October 2017.[140] However, another special, Holiday Magic, was aired on December 11, 2017 with the now six episode regular series starting on June 11, 2018.[141][142] Other ventures Disney Signature Experiences Disney Signature Experiences division, formerly called Disney Cruise Line & New Vacation Operations, holds newer non-theme park travel units under president Thomas Mazloum.[95] In February 2009, Tom McAlpin left the Disney Cruise Line presidency and was replaced by Karl Holz as president of both Disney Cruise Line and New Vacation Operations. New Vacation Operations included the Adventures by Disney.[143] The cruise line ordered three ships of a new class of ship, Triton, in 2016 and 2017.[144] In April 2017, it was announced that Karl Holz would retire as president of Disney Cruise Line on February 15, 2018 and Anthony Connelly would assumed the role of president on October 1, 2017.[145] Soon after a March 2018 conglomerate wide reorganization that formed Disney Parks, Experiences and Products segment division, Disney Cruise Line and New Vacation Operations was renamed Disney Signature Experiences along with a new president, Jeff Vahle.[84] Ken Potrock was promoted from Senior Vice President and General Manager of Disney Vacation Club to President of Consumer Products in May 2018.[146][147] Disney Cruise Line purchased in early March 2019 another Bahamas destination, Lighthouse Point property on the island of Eleuthera from the Bahamas Government.[86] With the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by August 2019, National Geographic Partners' National Geographic Expeditions moved into Disney Signature Experiences.[89] Disney Cruise Line was formed in 1995. Its fleet comprises four ships: Disney Magic (launched 1998), Disney Wonder (1999), Disney Dream (2011), and Disney Fantasy (2012).[42] Disney Cruise Line has ordered three new ships that will be completed in 2021, 2022 and 2023.[84] Each ship was designed and built-in collaboration with Walt Disney Imagineering. Disney Cruise Line serves the Caribbean, Mexican Riviera, European, and Alaskan cruises market. Disney Vacation Club, a timeshare program that includes 14 themed hotels-resorts within Disneyland Resort and Walt Disney World Resort, plus Disney's Aulani Resort, Disney's Hilton Head Island Resort, and Disney's Vero Beach Resort. In December 2019, the 15th property, Disney's Riviera Resort, opened next to the Caribbean Beach Resort at Walt Disney World. A 16th resort, Reflections - A Disney Lakeside Lodge, is planned to open in 2022 just east of Disney's Wilderness Lodge on the former site of Disney's River Country water park. Adventures by Disney, a program of all-inclusive, guided vacation tour packages offered at predominantly non-Disney sites around the world.[84] National Geographic Expeditions Golden Oak Realty, Golden Oak at Walt Disney World Resort sales[84] Disney Sports Enterprises Disney Sports Enterprises Disney parks, experiences & products logo.svg Formerly Disney Sports Attractions Industry Sports Founder Reggie Williams.[148] Key people Rosalyn Durant (SVP, operations for Disney Springs, ESPN Wide World of Sports and Waterparks) Faron Kelley (vice president, sports) Services road race sports events Parent Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Divisions ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex runDisney Website disneysportsnews.com Disney Sports Enterprises, formerly called Disney Sports Attractions,[149] is the unit of Disney Parks, Experiences and Products for Disney's sports functions and is made up of the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex and the runDisney program.[150] DSE background Disney Golf facilities date back to the opening of Disney World with two golf courses, the Palm and Magnolia courses. At the time, those courses started hosting the Walt Disney World Open Invitational, an annual PGA Tour event.[151] In 1994, Disney held the Walt Disney World Marathon, its first road race added additional races later.[152] Disneyland Marathon and 5K were run in 1995 three weeks after the LA Marathon on March 26, 1995.[153] In 1995, Disney World had IMS Events, Inc. build the Walt Disney World Speedway.[154] Disney's Wide World of Sports opened in 1997 under executive Reggie Williams.[148] DSE history By 1998, Williams was named vice president of Disney Sports Attractions, overseeing a newly created sports & recreation division.[155] The first 10K Disney Classic race on October 3, 1999, kicked off Disney World's 15-month Millennium Celebration.[156] On March 30, 2003, Sports Attractions held the first Disney Inline Marathon.[157] On November 21, 2007, Reggie Williams retired as vice president of Disney Sports Attractions.[148] His replacement was named on January 3, 2008, when Ken Potrock was promoted to Senior Vice President, Disney Sports Enterprises.[149] On February 25, 2010, Disney's Wide World of Sports was renamed ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex with some upgrades and new facilities.[158] On September 25, 2011, Disney started the lease of its five Disney World golf courses (Palm, Magnolia, Lake Buena Vista, Osprey Ridge, and Oak Trail) to Arnold Palmer Golf Management to operate for 20 years while splitting the revenue. As part of the deal, Arnold Palmer would redesign the Palm course. The Orlando market for golf had a glut of course from the building boom then bust making profitability a challenge for any golf course. Disney hoped that Palmer's involvement and "Palmer Advantage" membership club would draw more attention to Disney's course. With the Osprey Ridge course sold to Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts to build a hotel, which was delayed until 2014, the golf management company would run the course until hotel construction begins. While another golf course, the Eagle Pines, was closed several years ago to make way for a residential housing subdivision development called Golden Oak being built in 2011.[151] In January 2013, Ken Petrock was promoted to Disney Vacation Club and Adventures by Disney senior vice president & general manager while Tom Wolber, Disney Cruise Line senior vice president of operations, was promoted to replace Petrock at Disney Sports.[150] In late June 2015, the Walt Disney World Speedway was shut down.[154] Sports marketing director Faron Kelley was promoted to vice president of sports in January 2016 and has responsibility for the water parks too.[159] Senior vice president of Disney Springs and the ESPN Wide World of Sports Maribeth Bisienere was promoted to Senior Vice President of Parks in early March 2018.[160] Rosalyn Durant moved over from ESPN to be appointed in February 2020 as senior vice president of operations for Disney Springs, ESPN Wide World of Sports and Waterparks.[161] On September 30, 2020, it was revealed that this unit of Disney was laying off 28,000 people in the United States.[9] runDisney races[162][163] Race weekend month location Inaugurated Disney World Marathon January Disney World 1994[152] Princess Half-Marathon February 2009[164] Star Wars Half Marathon â The Dark Side April 2016[164] Wine & Dine Half-Marathon November Tinker Bell Half-Marathon May Disneyland Disneyland Half-Marathon September (Labor Day weekend) Avengers Super Heroes Half Marathon November 2014[152] Star Wars Half Marathon â The Light Side January 2015[152] Disneyland Paris Half Marathon September Disneyland Paris 2016[152] See also Fox Global Brands and Experiences, Disney's other largest cinematic competitor's equivalent branch of their company. 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Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1996. Page 324. The Disney Magazine, Fall 1995, Volume 30, Number 4. Page 43. From Polsson, Ken, "Chronology of Walt Disney World (1990â1994)", Chronology of the Walt Disney Company, retrieved September 24, 2015: The New York Times, January 16, 1990. Page D8. Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1996. Disney Magazine, Summer 2001. Page 39. The Disney Magazine, Spring 1996, Volume 31, Number 2. Page 18. Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1998. Page 584. From Polsson, Ken, "Chronology of Walt Disney World (1995-end)", Chronology of the Walt Disney Company, retrieved September 24, 2015: Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997, by Hearst Business Publishing, 1996. Page 192. Building a Dream â The Art of Disney Architecture, by Beth Dunlop, 1996. Page 192. Walt Disney World Speedway Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1998. Page 597. Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997, by Hearst Business Publishing, 1996. Page 181. Boardwalk Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Page 62. (1996). Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith. Smith, Dave. World of Disney Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Page 62. (1999). Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia. Disney Magazine, Spring 1998. Page 31. External links Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Disney. Official website vte The Walt Disney Company vte Walt Disney World Resort vte Disney Consumer Products vte Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Authority control Edit this at Wikidata BNF: cb12437941h (data) Categories: American companies established in 1971Walt Disney Parks and ResortsThe Walt Disney Company divisionsThe Walt Disney Company subsidiariesAmusement park companiesHospitality companies of the United StatesEntertainment companies based in CaliforniaCompanies based in FloridaCompanies based in Burbank, CaliforniaEntertainment companies established in 19711971 establishments in California Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in ArticleTalk ReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikivoyage Languages Deutsch Español Français íê”ìŽ Italiano Bahasa Melayu æ„æŹèȘ PortuguĂȘs äžæ 6 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 18:51 (UTC). 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đ The Global Network đPage semi-protected Walt Disney Studios (division) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search The Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios Logo.svg Formerly Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (1998-2007) Type Division Industry Entertainment Predecessor Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (1998-2007) Founded October 16, 1923; 97 years ago Headquarters Walt Disney Studios, Burbank, California, United States Number of locations 8 (2019) Area served Worldwide Key people Alan F. Horn (CCO) Alan Bergman (Chairman, Disney Studios Content) Products Motion pictures, music publishing, stage productions Services Film production, marketing, and distribution Parent The Walt Disney Company Divisions Walt Disney Animation Studios Subsidiaries Walt Disney Pictures Disney Theatrical Group Pixar Animation Studios Marvel Studios Lucasfilm 20th Century Studios 20th Century Animation Searchlight Pictures Website waltdisneystudios.com Footnotes / references [1][2] The Walt Disney Studios is an American film and entertainment studio, and one of the four business segments of The Walt Disney Company.[3] Based in Burbank, California, the studio is best known for its multi-faceted film divisions. Founded in 1923, it is the fourth-oldest and one of the "Big Five" major film studios.[4] The Walt Disney Studios division has prominent film production companies. These include: Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributes and markets the films produced by these studios for both theatrical exhibition and the company's streaming services. In 2019, Disney posted an industry record of $13.2 billion at the global box office.[5] The studio has released six of the top ten highest-grossing films of all time worldwide, and the two highest-grossing film franchises of all time. The Walt Disney Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).[6] Contents 1 Background 2 History 2.1 1980s 2.2 1990s 2.3 2000s 2.4 2010s 2.5 2020s 3 Studio structure 3.1 Production 3.2 Disney Theatrical Group 4 Former units 4.1 Film production 4.1.1 Live-action 4.1.2 Animation 4.2 Television 4.3 Distribution and marketing 4.4 Music publishing 4.5 Other 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Background Walt Disney Productions began production of their first feature-length animated film in 1934. Taking three years to complete, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, premiered in December 1937 and became the highest-grossing film of that time by 1939.[7] In the 1940s, Disney began experimenting with full-length live-action films, with the introduction of hybrid live action-animated films such as The Reluctant Dragon (1941) and Song of the South (1946).[8] That same decade, the studio began producing nature documentaries with the release of Seal Island (1948), the first of the True-Life Adventures series and a subsequent Academy Award winner for Best Live-Action Short Film.[9][10] Walt Disney Productions had its first fully live-action film in 1950 with the release of Treasure Island, considered by Disney to be the official conception for what would eventually evolve into the modern-day Walt Disney Pictures.[11] By 1953, the company ended their agreements with such third-party distributors as RKO Radio Pictures and United Artists and formed their own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution.[12] Disney Productions purchased in 1959 the Golden Oak Ranch for feature films and television series productions complimenting its main Burbank studio.[13] History 1980s By the 1980s, The Walt Disney Company's collection of film units emerged as one of Hollywood's major film studios, mostly due to newly designed efforts in branding strategies, a resurgence of Walt Disney Productions' animated releases and unprecedented box office successes, particularly from Touchstone Pictures.[14] The Walt Disney Productions film division was incorporated on April 1, 1983 as Walt Disney Pictures.[15] In April 1983, Richard Berger was hired by Disney CEO Ron W. Miller as film president. Touchstone Films was started by Miller in February 1984 as a label for their PG-rated films with an expected half of Disney's 6 to 8 films yearly slate would be released under the label.[16] Berger was pushed out as a new CEO was appointed for Walt Disney Productions later in 1984, as Michael Eisner brought his own film chief, Jeffrey Katzenberg and film studio president, Richard H. Frank.[17] Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures were formed within that unit on February 15, 1984 and February 1, 1989 respectively.[18] In October 1984, Daily Variety had identified Disney as the seventh major film studio due to the hiring of Eisner as Disney chairman and his plans for the company.[19] Organized in 1985, Silver Screen Partners II, L.P. financed films for Disney with $193 million in funding. In January 1987, Silver Screen III began financing films for Disney with $300 million raised, the largest amount raised for a film financing limited partnership by E.F. Hutton.[20] In April 1988, Touchstone became a unit of Walt Disney Pictures with newly appointed head Ricardo Mestres.[21] With several production companies getting out of film production or closing shop by December 1988, Walt Disney Studios announced the formation of Hollywood Pictures division, which would only share marketing and distribution with Touchstone, to fill the void.[22] Walt Disney Television and Touchstone Television were grouped together under Garth Ancier as president of network television for the Walt Disney Studios on April 18, 1989.[23] Late in the 1980s, Disney purchased a controlling stake in one of Pacific Theatres' chains[24] leading Disney's Buena Vista Theaters and Pacific to renovate the El Capitan Theatre and the Crest by 1989.[25] The Crest was finished first while El Capitan opened with the premiere of The Rocketeer film on June 19, 1991.[26] 1990s In September 1990, The Walt Disney Company arranged for financing up to $200 million by a unit of Nomura Securities for Interscope films made for Disney. On October 23, 1990, Disney formed Touchwood Pacific Partners I to supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their movie studios' primary funding source.[27] In 1992, Walt Disney Studios agreed to fund a production company, Caravan Pictures, for exiting 20th Century Fox chairman Joe Roth.[28][29] In 1993, Miramax Films was purchased for $60 million by Disney.[30] On March 30, 1992, Disney Studios agreed to sell KCAL-TV to Pineland, Inc. for a 45% ownership stake in Pineland, so as to have interest in TV stations in both large markets, Los Angeles and New York City, allowing for increased original programming.[31] Instead Pineland agreed to an unsolicited bid in May from Chris-Craft Industries thus ending the planned business merger with Disney's KCAL.[32] David Hoberman, president of Walt Disney Pictures and Touchstone Pictures, was promoted by Katzenberg to president of motion pictures at Walt Disney Studios in April 1994, while Ricardo Mestres was forced out as president of Hollywood Pictures in exchange for a production deal.[33] On August 24, 1994, with Katzenberg's resignation, Walt Disney Studios was reorganized by spinning off a new TV group. Richard Frank became head of the newly formed Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). Roth moved in from Caravan Pictures to helm the remaining Walt Disney Studios as chairman.[34] Hoberman stepped down as president in January 1995 to take a five-year, multi-film deal for his production company, Mandeville Films.[33] Roth was appointed as chairman of Walt Disney Studios in 1996.[35] In April 1996, due to ongoing post-Disney-CC/ABC merger realignment and retirement of its president, WDTT group's division were reassigned to other groups with most transferred to the Walt Disney Studios or CC/ABC. Units returning to the studio were Walt Disney Television, Disney Television Animation, Touchstone Television and Buena Vista Home Entertainment.[36] Buena Vista International - Latin America and two other companies became owners of Patagonik Film Group, an Argentina-based production company, in 1997.[37] In late 1997, Disney bid on CDR's Epic movie library but lost to PolyGram Filmed Entertainment.[38] Disney's Buena Vista Distribution and Cinergi Pictures had a 25-picture distribution deal, with Disney taking a 5% stake in Cinergi stock. After nine films were delivered under the agreement, Cinergi sold its 12-film library (except for Die Hard with a Vengeance, co-financed with 20th Century Fox) to Disney on November 22, 1997 for $20 million in exchange for Disney's Cinergi shares, production advances of $35.4 million and other loans.[39][40] In 1998, the Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group was formed by Roth to unite the Disney, Touchstone and Hollywood film production units with leadership under David Vogel.[41] This was in order to centralize the various production units and to make live-action film production within Disney more cost-efficient. Roth also determined that the studio's year production slate should be cut. In August 1998, Roger Birnbaum, Caravan's co-founder, left at Roth's prompting to co-found Spyglass Entertainment with former Morgan Creek Productions vice chairman and COO Gary Barber, in which Disney gave Caravan's development slate, a five-year distribution agreement and an advance to Spyglass. After Caravan's remaining three films were released, it went inactive.[42] By May 2000, Disney had taken an equity stake in Spyglass.[43] Peter Schneider was promoted to studio president in January 1999, while Thomas Schumacher was promoted to president of Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Theatrical Productions while both became co-presidents of Disney Theatrical Group.[44] As the first studio president, Schneider had supervisory control of all films released by the Disney labels.[35] In July, Walt Disney Television, including Buena Vista Television Productions, were transferred from the Walt Disney Studios to ABC Television Network[45] to merge with ABC's prime-time division, forming the ABC Entertainment Television Group.[46] 2000s Roth left to form his own production company in January 2000,[43] with Schneider moving to a studio chairman role.[35] Schneider left Walt Disney Studios in June 2001 to form his own theater production company partly funded by Disney. While no successor had been named, Dick Cook, chairman of the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group (distribution); Thomas Schumacher, president of Walt Disney Animation; and Nina Jacobson, president of the Buena Vista Motion Picture Group (production) would take on the responsibilities of Schneider while continuing in their current positions.[47] In February 2002, Cook was named as studio chairman.[48] In January 2002, Buena Vista International - Latin America formed a joint venture production company, Miravista, with Admira, TelefĂłnica's content production and distribution division, for primarily Brazilian and Mexican film productions.[49] In January 2003, Disney initiated a reorganization of its theatrical and animation units to improve resource usage and continued focus on new characters and franchise development. Walt Disney Feature Animation â sans Walt Disney Television Animation â and Buena Vista Theatrical Worldwide were organized under the Walt Disney Studios.[50][51] In 2003, the studio set a worldwide box office record of $3 billion gross.[52] In September 2005, Disney and Kingdom Films formed a joint venture, Magic Films, to finance a slate of 32 films, which would not include sequels. Kingdom would provide financing with $135 million equity and a $370 million revolving credit line.[53] With the exception of High School Musical 3 as a part of a Disney Channel franchise, Kingdom sued Disney in December 2008.[54] In December 2005, Alan Bergman was promoted to president of the Walt Disney Studios.[55] In January 2006, The Walt Disney Company announced to acquire computer animation leader Pixar.[56] The deal was finalized in May 2006. Pixar executive Ed Catmull would serve as president of both Pixar and Disney feature animation studios. Pixar executive vice president John Lasseter became chief creative officer for Pixar and the feature animated studios as well as helping to develop new Disney theme park attractions.[57] In July 2006, Disney announced a shift in its strategy of releasing more Disney-branded (i.e. Walt Disney Pictures) films and fewer Touchstone titles. The move was expected to reduce the Group's work force by approximately 650 positions worldwide.[58] This was a cost-cutting move with its yearly slate would consist of 12 to 15 films.[59] After being transferred to various other division groups since they were acquired in 2004, The Muppets Studio was incorporated into the Walt Disney Studios' Special Events Group in 2006.[60] In April 2007, Disney retired the Buena Vista brand. Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group and Buena Vista Pictures Distribution were renamed as Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, respectively. Hollywood Pictures was also retired as well.[12][61] In July 2007, Disney CEO Bob Iger banned the depiction of smoking and tobacco products from Walt Disney Pictures-branded films, as well as limiting such depictions in Touchstone and Miramax films.[62] In April 2008, the Studio announced the formation of Disneynature, a nature film production label.[63] The Studio launched its Kingdom Comics division in May, led by writer-actor Ahmet Zappa, television executive Harris Katleman and writer-editor Christian Beranek. Kingdom was designed to create new properties for possible film development and re-imagine and redevelop existing movies from the Disney library, with Disney Publishing Worldwide getting a first look for publishing.[64] On February 9, 2009, DreamWorks Studios entered a 7-year, 30-picture distribution deal with the studio's Touchstone Pictures banner starting in 2011.[65] The deal also includes co-funding between Disney and DreamWorks for production.[66] In late 2009, Miramax Films, a formerly independent Disney film unit, was transferred to the Walt Disney Studios,[67] until its sale in 2010 to Filmyard Holdings.[68] The Kingdom Comics unit's creatives/executives moved its deal to an independent Monsterfoot Productions.[69] On September 18, 2009, Cook was forced out as chairman, after allegedly having been asked to do so by Bob Iger, for resisting change that Iger felt was needed and the previous year's poor results.[70] He was then replaced by Disney Channels Worldwide president Rich Ross on October 5, 2009.[71] 2010s The Walt Disney Company completed its acquisition of Marvel Entertainment in December 2009 for $4.2 billion.[72][73] Disney closed a deal with Paramount Pictures to transfer worldwide marketing and the distribution rights to Marvel's The Avengers and Iron Man 3 in October 2010.[74] In May 2011, Disney India and UTV Motion Pictures agreed to co-produce Disney-branded family films, with both companies handling creative function and UTV producing, marketing and distributing the films.[75] In August 2011, Disney fired Marvel Studios' marketing department in a restructuring. Disney would take over the marketing and distribution of future Marvel titles, beginning with the 2012 release of The Avengers.[76][77] On April 20, 2012, Ross was fired as studio chairman.[78] Former Warner Bros. chief Alan Horn was named chairman on May 31, 2012.[79] On October 30, 2012, Lucasfilm agreed to be purchased by The Walt Disney Company and a new Star Wars trilogy was announced.[80] The deal was finalized on December 21.[81] Later on the same day, Disney agreed to have Netflix as its exclusive U.S. television subscription service for first-run Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar Animation Studios, Marvel Studios and Disneynature feature films starting in 2016, replacing its agreement with Starz that ends in 2015.[82] In April 2013, The Walt Disney Studios laid off 150 workers, including staff from its marketing and home entertainment units.[83][84] In July 2013, Disney acquired all of the distribution rights previously held by Paramount for Marvel Studiosâ Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Thor and Captain America: The First Avenger.[85] In December of that same year, Disney purchased the distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films from Paramount Pictures. Paramount will continue distributing the first four films and receive "financial participation" from the additional films.[86] In March 2015, Iger expanded the studio's smoking and tobacco prohibition to include all films released by the studioâincluding PG-13 rated films and belowâunless such depictions are historically pertinent.[87] The studio and Shanghai Media Group Pictures signed a multi-year movie development agreement, before the March 6, 2014 announcement, in which Chinese themes would be incorporated into Disney branded movies.[88] In August 2015, Marvel Studios was integrated into Walt Disney Studios with president Kevin Feige reporting to Disney studio chief Alan Horn instead of Marvel Entertainment CEO Isaac Perlmutter. Perlmutter continued to oversee Marvel Television and Marvel Animation until 2019, in which they were folded back into Marvel Studios.[89][90] In January 2016, Disney received ownership of all the DreamWorks films it distributed, in compensation for outstanding loans as DreamWorks was restructured into Amblin Partners.[91] Later that same year, Disney distributed The Light Between Oceansâthe fourteenth and final film in the DreamWorks distribution dealâand also the last film released under the Touchstone banner. On December 19, 2016, Walt Disney Studios became the first major studio to reach $7 billion at the global box office. This surpasses Universal's record from 2015 of $6.89 billion. Disney did it with five of the top 10 films of the year with a record four of them, The Jungle Book, Finding Dory, Captain America: Civil War and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, with opening weekend takes of over $100 million. Four films in 2016 grossed over $1 billion and another $966 million globally. Two studio units' (Pixar and Marvel Studios) combined lifetime library grosses passed $10 billion.[92] In November 2017, the studio briefly banned reporters of the Los Angeles Times from attending pre-release screenings for its films, after it had published reports on Disney's political influence in the Anaheim area that the company deemed to be "biased and inaccurate". After a boycott effort emerged among several notable critics and publications (including Washington Post blogger Alyssa Rosenberg, The New York Times, and Boston Globe critic Ty Burr), and several major film critic societies threatened to disqualify Disney films from their year-end awards in retaliation, Disney stated that the company "had productive discussions with the newly installed leadership at the Los Angeles Times regarding our specific concerns", and had reversed its ban.[93][94][95] In December 2017, Disney announced plans to purchase 21st Century Fox (21CF) for $52.4 billion.[96] In preparation for integration of 21st Century Fox assets in March 2018, Disney created a new segment named Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International, merging two segments and transferring various units to the new segment, including the Janice Marinelli-led Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[97] On June 28, 2018, DisneyToon Studios was shut down.[98][99] On June 8, 2018, Disney announced Lasseter would be leaving the company by the end of the year, but would take on a consulting role until then.[100] On June 19, 2018, Pete Docter and Jennifer Lee were announced as Lasseter's replacements as chief creative officers of Pixar and Disney Animation, respectively.[101] In December 2018, the studio surpassed $7 billion in global box office for the calendar year. It was the second time in history that any studio had surpassed the $7 billion mark, after Disney's own industry-record global gross of $7.6 billion in 2016.[102] Following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox, Disney announced that the film divisions of Fox Entertainment Group (including 20th Century Fox, Fox Searchlight Pictures, Fox 2000 Pictures, 20th Century Fox Animation, Blue Sky Studios, and Fox Family) would be folded into the Walt Disney Studios.[103] Fox's filmed entertainment CEO Stacey Snider exited following the acquisition. Fox executives Emma Watts, Nancy Utley and Stephen Gilula joined The Walt Disney Company on March 20, 2019.[1] On March 21, 2019, Disney announced that the Fox 2000 label would be shut down by the end of the year after releasing its films in production. 20th Century Fox Animation was also repositioned to directly report to chairman Horn.[104][105] 20th Century Fox and its related studios will keep their headquarters on their studio lot in Century City, thanks to a seven-year lease from the Fox Corporation.[106] On May 1, 2019, president Alan Bergman was promoted to co-chairman. Horn added the new title of the studio's chief creative officer.[107] Disney announced a round of layoffs for the studio, mostly from 20th Century Fox, in the production and visual effects departments. They also announced on July 31, 2019, that the Fox Research Library will be folded into the Walt Disney Archives and the Imagineering Research Library by January 2020.[108] The studio announced a 10-year lease of most of the Pinewood Studios near London from the Pinewood Group in September 2019 to start in 2020.[109] In August 2019, Disney became the first studio to have five films to gross over $1 billion at the worldwide box office in a single year.[110] Walt Disney Studios became the first major studio to reach $10 billion at the global box office in December 2019, breaking their previous record in 2016.[111] The studio ended 2019 eventually earning $13.2 billion in worldwide box office.[5] Disney achieved this on the strength of Avengers: Endgame, The Lion King, Captain Marvel, Toy Story 4, Aladdin and Frozen II all earning over $1 billion.[111] 2020s On January 17, 2020, Disney announced it would drop the âFoxâ name from the studio's 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures branding. The two studios were renamed as 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures, respectively.[112] Similar to other Disney film units, films produced under the 20th Century Studios banner are distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Searchlight Pictures continues to operate their autonomous distribution unit.[113] In December 2020, it was announced that effective January 1, 2021, Bergman would become Chairman, Disney Studios Content, overseeing creative, production, marketing, and operations for it, while Horn would remain as the studios' Chief Creative Officer, focusing solely on Disney's creative pipeline, and working in conjunction with Bergman on the studio's creative plans.[114] On February 9, 2021, Disney announced that Blue Sky Studios would be closed effective April 2021, due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic's continued economic impact on the company's businesses; it was no longer sustainable for Disney to run a third feature animation studio. The studioâs film library and intellectual properties would be retained by Disney.[115] Studio structure Studio units[105][116] Production Disney Theatrical Group Walt Disney Studios Operations[105] (Studio Services)[117][118] Live-action Walt Disney Pictures Disneynature Marvel Studios Lucasfilm Industrial Light & Magic Skywalker Sound 20th Century Studios[1][112] 20th Digital Studio Fox Family Searchlight Pictures[N 1] Animation Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar 20th Century Animation Disney Theatrical Productions (aka Disney on Broadway) Buena Vista Theatrical Disney Theatrical Licensing Disney Live Family Entertainment (DLFE) Disney on Ice Disney Live! Walt Disney Special Events Group[119] Disney Studio Production Services Walt Disney Studios Golden Oak Ranch The Prospect Studios KABC7 Studio B Disney Digital Studio Services[120] Fox VFX Lab Production Main article: List of Walt Disney Studios films Walt Disney Pictures is a film banner that encompasses the release of its own live-action productions, in addition to films produced by the company's animation studios, mainly Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios.[121] Marvel Studiosâacquired through Disney's purchase of Marvel Entertainment in 2009âproduces superhero films based on Marvel Comics characters, including the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Lucasfilmâacquired by Disney in 2012âdevelops and produces films including those in the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises.[122] Disneynature is an independent film genre label devoted to producing nature documentary films. 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Picturesâacquired by Disney in 2019 and together former members of the "Big Six" studiosâproduce a varied slate of films, with the latter focusing on specialty prestige films.[123][104] 20th Century also releases films produced by the animated film units of 20th Century Animation and formerly Blue Sky Studios before its closure in 2021. Disney Theatrical Group Main article: Disney Theatrical Group Disney Theatrical Group is the division producing live theatrical and stage events. It is currently under the leadership of Thomas Schumacher. The Disney Theatrical Productions division has been responsible for the production of many different musicals, touring events, ice shows and other live theatrical events. Their shows include: Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King, Aida, Tarzan, Mary Poppins, Newsies and numerous incarnations of Disney on Ice. Former units In its history, Disney has created or acquired other film banners that have since been closed, divested, or retired. Film production Live-action Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group/Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group (1998âc. 2006) an umbrella unit for live action production companies[47][61] (defunct) Touchstone Pictures (1984â2010), created to release films targeted at more mature adult audiences until it was retired from theatrical distribution, as it was last used for Disney's distribution deal with DreamWorks from 2011 to 2016.[13] Hollywood Pictures (1989â2001, 2006â2007) created as an adult-oriented production unit similar to Touchstone, then briefly revived as low-budget genre film label until it became inactive. Caravan Pictures (1992â1999) a production unit created to fill the production schedule, which was replaced by an outside deal with Spyglass Entertainment. Miramax Films (1993â2010) acquired as an independent film studio in 1993 and operated as an autonomous unit until 2009, when it was folded into the Walt Disney Studios; it continued to serve as a distribution label until it was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings in 2010.[124][125][126] Dimension Films (1993â2005) A genre film label acquired through the Miramax purchase, until the Weinstein brothers left Disney and took the label with them in 2005 when they formed The Weinstein Company (the label's next parent).[127][124] Fox 2000 Pictures (2019â2020) Mid-budget unit of 20th Century Studios. Animation Skellington Productions (1986â1996) Disney Circle 7 Animation (2004â2006) shut down without the production of films. ImageMovers Digital (2007â2010) a jointly-owned motion capture animation facility that was later shut down.[128][129] Disneytoon Studios (2003â2018) transferred from Disney Television Animation.[98] Blue Sky Studios (2019â2021) Acquired within 21st Century Fox purchase. Announced closure in February 2021.[130] Television Walt Disney Television (1983-1994) transferred to Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications. (1994-1996) Touchstone Television, transferred to Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications and later renamed as ABC Studios. Distribution and marketing Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group (1998âc. 2001) an umbrella unit for distribution and marketing.[47][61] (defunct) Touchstone Pictures (2011â2016) a theatrical distribution label for DreamWorks Pictures' slate.[13] Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (1978â2018) transferred to Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International and later, Disney Platform Distribution.[97] Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (1953â2020) transferred to Disney Platform Distribution.[131] Music publishing Disney Music Group (1956â2020): transferred to Disney Platform Distribution Walt Disney Records Hollywood Records Other Kingdom Comics (2009-2013) with executives departing for a production deal[64] The Muppets Studio (2006â2014) transferred from Disney Consumer Products to Disney Studios' Special Events Group, then back to Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media See also Companies portal icon Disney portal ESPN Films UTV Motion Pictures Notes Despite being a production unit within Walt Disney Studios, Searchlight Pictures maintains its own autonomous distribution unit separate from the main studio for the release of its films.[112] References D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 18, 2018). "Disney Finalizes Film Studio Brass Under Alan Horn: Emma Watts Confirmed To Run Fox". Deadline. Retrieved October 22, 2018. "California Business Corporations - Fox Searchlight Pictures, Inc". April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2019. "Walt Disney Co: Company Description". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved May 5, 2013. McKittrick, Christopher (February 9, 2019). "The History of Hollywood's Major Movie Studios". thoughtco.com. Retrieved March 23, 2019. Tartaglione, Nancy (January 2, 2020). "Disney's Global Box Office Year: Mouse Roars To $13.2B; A Record Not Likely To Be Seen Again Soon". Deadline. Retrieved May 30, 2020. "Who We Are". Motion Picture Association. Retrieved September 20, 2019. Gabler, Neal (2007). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. New York: Random House. pp. 276â277. ISBN 978-0-679-75747-4. "The Walt Disney Company History". Company Profiles. fundinguniverse.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2012. 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External links Official website Disney Studio Services Disney Digital Studio Services History of The Walt Disney Studios vte The Walt Disney Studios vte The Walt Disney Company vte Film studios in the United States and Canada Authority control Edit this at Wikidata LCCN: n2009070043VIAF: 6832148269744005230005WorldCat Identities: lccn-n2009070043 Categories: 1923 establishments in CaliforniaAmerican companies established in 1923Mass media companies established in 1923The Walt Disney StudiosThe Walt Disney Company divisionsFilm production companies of the United StatesCinema of Southern CaliforniaEntertainment companies based in CaliforniaCompanies based in Burbank, CaliforniaMembers of the Motion Picture AssociationDisney production studios Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in ArticleTalk ReadView sourceView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages ۧÙŰč۱ۚÙŰ© Español Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Melayu PortuguĂȘs Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐžĐč Suomi Ű§Ű±ŰŻÙ äžæ 17 more Edit links This page was last edited on 19 February 2021, at 18:31 (UTC). 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Post by Freddie on Feb 27, 2021 19:44:11 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đWalt Disney Pictures From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the film production studio. For the related and similarly-named distribution unit, see Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. For the parent umbrella division, see Walt Disney Studios (division). Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures 2011 logo.svg Formerly Walt Disney Productions (1923â1983) Type Subsidiary Industry Film Founded October 16, 1923; 97 years ago (as Walt Disney Productions) April 1, 1983; 37 years ago (as Walt Disney Pictures) Headquarters 500 South Buena Vista Street, Burbank, California, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Sean Bailey (president, production)[1] Vanessa Morrison (president, streaming)[1] Products Motion pictures Parent Walt Disney Studios Website movies.disney.com Footnotes / references [2] Walt Disney Pictures[3] is an American film production studio of Walt Disney Studios, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company. The studio is the flagship producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit, and is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. Animated films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are also released under the studio banner. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributes and markets the films produced by Walt Disney Pictures. Disney began producing live-action films in the 1950s, under the company's all-encompassing name, Walt Disney Productions. The live-action division took on its current incorporated name of Walt Disney Pictures in 1983, when Disney reorganized its entire studio division; which included the separation from the feature animation division and the subsequent creation of Touchstone Pictures; a sister division responsible for producing mature films not suitable for release through Walt Disney Pictures. At the end of that decade, combined with Touchstone's output, Walt Disney Pictures elevated Walt Disney Studios as one of Hollywood's major film studios. Walt Disney Pictures is currently one of five live-action film studios within the Walt Disney Studios, the others being 20th Century Studios, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, and Searchlight Pictures. The 2019 remake of The Lion King is the studio's highest-grossing film worldwide with $1.6 billion,[4] and Pirates of the Caribbean is the studio's most successful film series, with five films earning a total of over $4.5 billion in worldwide box office gross.[2] Contents 1 History 1.1 Predecessor unit 1.2 1980sâ2000s 1.3 2010sâpresent 2 Logo 3 Film library 3.1 Highest-grossing films 4 See also 5 References 6 External links History Predecessor unit See also: The Walt Disney Company § Corporate history The studio's predecessor (and the modern-day The Walt Disney Company's as a whole) was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, by filmmaker Walt Disney and his business partner and brother, Roy, in 1923. The creation of Mickey Mouse and subsequent short films and merchandise generated revenue for the studio which was renamed as The Walt Disney Studio at the Hyperion Studio in 1926.[5] In 1929, it was renamed again to Walt Disney Productions. The studio's streak of success continued in the 1930s, culminating with the 1937 release of the first feature-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which becomes a huge financial success.[6] With the profits from Snow White, Walt relocated to a third studio in Burbank, California.[7] In the 1940s, Disney began experimenting with full-length live-action films, with the introduction of hybrid live action-animated films such as The Reluctant Dragon (1941) and Song of the South (1946).[8] That same decade, the studio began producing nature documentaries with the release of Seal Island (1948), the first of the True-Life Adventures series and a subsequent Academy Award winner for Best Live-Action Short Film.[9][10] Walt Disney Productions had its first fully live-action film in 1950 with the release of Treasure Island, considered by Disney to be the official conception for what would eventually evolve into the modern-day Walt Disney Pictures.[11] By 1953, the company ended their agreements with such third-party distributors as RKO Radio Pictures and United Artists and formed their own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution.[12] 1980sâ2000s The live-action division of Walt Disney Productions was incorporated as Walt Disney Pictures on April 1, 1983 to diversify film subjects and expand audiences for their film releases.[13] In April 1983, Richard Berger was hired by Disney CEO Ron W. Miller as film president. Touchstone Films was started by Miller in February 1984 as a label for the studio's PG-13 and R-rated films with an expected half of Disney's yearly 6-to-8-movie slate, which would be released under the label.[14] That same year, newly named Disney CEO Michael Eisner pushed out Berger, replacing him with Eisner's own film chief from Paramount Pictures, Jeffrey Katzenberg.[15] Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures were formed within that unit on February 15, 1984 and February 1, 1989 respectively.[16] The Touchstone Films banner was used by then new Disney CEO Michael Eisner in the 1984â1985 television season with the short lived western, Wildside. In the next season, Touchstone produced a hit in The Golden Girls.[17] David Hoberman was promoted to president of production at Walt Disney Pictures in April 1988.[18] In April 1994, Hoberman was promoted to president of motion picture production at Walt Disney Studios and David Vogel was appointed as Walt Disney Pictures president.[19] The following year, however Hoberman resigned from the company, and instead began a production deal with Disney and his newly formed production company, Mandeville Films.[19] In addition to Walt Disney Pictures, Vogel added the head position of Hollywood Pictures in 1997, while Donald De Line remained as head of Touchstone.[20] Vogel was then promoted in 1998 to the head of Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group, the newly formed division that oversaw all live-action production within the Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone, and Hollywood labels.[21][22] The move was orchestrated by Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth, as an effort to scale back and consolidate the studio's film production.[22] As a result of the restructuring, De Line resigned.[23] That same year, Nina Jacobson became executive vice-president of live-action production for Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group.[24] Jacobson remained under this title until May 1999, when Vogel resigned from the company, and Jacobson was appointed by Roth to the role of president of production.[25][22] During her tenure, Jacobson oversaw the production of films at Walt Disney Pictures, including Pirates of the Caribbean, The Chronicles of Narnia, Bridge to Terabithia, National Treasure, Remember the Titans, and The Princess Diaries, and was responsible for establishing a first-look deal with Jerry Bruckheimer Films.[26][27] In 2006, Jacobson was fired by studio chairman Dick Cook, and replaced with by Oren Aviv, the head of marketing.[26][28] After two films based on Disney theme park attractions,[29][30][31] Walt Disney Pictures selected it as a source of a line of films starting with The Country Bears (2002) and The Haunted Mansion and Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (both 2003).[32] The latter filmâthe first film produced by the studio to receive a PG-13 ratingâbegan a film series that was followed by four sequels, with the franchise taking in more than $5.4 billion worldwide from 2003 to 2017.[29][33] On January 12, 2010, Aviv stepped down as the studio's president of live-action production.[34] 2010sâpresent In January 2010, Sean Bailey was appointed the studio's president of live-action production, replacing Aviv.[35][2] Bailey had produced Tron: Legacy for the studio, which was released later that same year.[35] Under Bailey's leadership and with support from then Disney CEO Bob Igerâand later studio chairman Alan HornâWalt Disney Pictures pursued a tentpole film strategy, which included an expanded slate of original and adaptive large-budget tentpole films. Beginning in 2011, the studio simplified the branding in its production logo and marquee credits to just "Disney".[36] Concurrently, Disney was struggling with PG-13 tentpole films outside of the Pirates of the Caribbean series, with films such as John Carter (2012) and The Lone Ranger (2013) becoming major box office bombs. However, the studio had found particular success with live-action fantasy adaptations of properties associated with their animated films, which began with the commercial success of Alice in Wonderland (2010), that became the second billion-dollar-grossing film in the studio's history.[37] With the continued success of Maleficent (2014) and Cinderella (2015), the studio saw the potential in these fantasy adaptations and officiated a trend of similar films, which followed with The Jungle Book (2016) and Beauty and the Beast (2017).[38][2] By July 2016, Disney had announced development of nearly eighteen of these films consisting of sequels to existing adaptations, origin stories and prequels.[38][39] Although Walt Disney Pictures produced several successful smaller-budgeted genre films throughout the 2010s, such as The Muppets (2011), Saving Mr. Banks (2013), and Into the Woods (2014), the studio shifted its production model entirely on tentpole films as they had found that a majority of the smaller genre films were becoming financially unsustainable in the theatrical market.[2][40][41] In 2017, The Walt Disney Company announced it was creating its own streaming service platform.[42] The new service, known as Disney+, would feature original programming created by the company's vast array of film and television production studios, including Walt Disney Pictures.[43] As part of this new distribution platform, Bailey and Horn confirmed that Walt Disney Pictures would renew development on smaller-budgeted genre films that the studio had previously stopped producing for the theatrical exhibition market a few years prior.[44][45][41] In 2018, nine films were announced to be in production or development for the service.[46] These films would be budgeted between $20 million and $60 million.[44] The studio is expected to produce approximately 3-4 films per year exclusively for Disney+, alongside its theatrical tentpole slate.[45] Disney+ was launched on November 12, 2019 in the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands, with subsequent international expansions.[43] Within the first two months of the service's launch, Walt Disney Pictures had released three films (Lady and the Tramp, Noelle, and Togo) exclusively for Disney+.[41] On March 12, 2020, Fox Family president Vanessa Morrison was named president of live-action development and production of streaming content for both Disney Live Action and 20th Century Studios, reporting directly to Bailey. That same day, Philip Steuer and Randi Hiller were also appointed as president of the studio's physical, post production and VFX, and executive vice president for casting, respectivelyâoverseeing these functions for both Walt Disney Pictures and 20th Century Studios.[1] Logo Until 1985, instead of a traditional production logo, the opening credits of Disney films used to feature a title card that read "Walt Disney Presents", and later, "Walt Disney Productions Presents".[47] In Never Cry Wolf, and the pre-release versions of Splash, it showed a light blue rectangle with the name "Walt Disney Pictures" and featured a white outline rectangle framing on a black screen. Beginning with the release of Return to Oz in 1985, Walt Disney Pictures introduced its fantasy castle logo. The version with its accompanying music premiered with The Black Cauldron.[47] The logo was created by Walt Disney Feature Animation in traditional animation and featured a white silhouette of Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle against a blue background, with the studio's name and underscored by "When You Wish Upon A Star", in arrangement composed by John Debney.[48] A short rendition of the logo was used as a closing logo as well as the movie Return to Oz, although the film was months before The Black Cauldron was released. Beginning with Dinosaur (2000), an alternative logo featuring an orange castle and logo against a black background, was occasionally presented with darker tone and live-action films. A computer-animated RenderMan variant appeared before every Pixar Animation Studios film from Toy Story until Ratatouille, featuring an original fanfare composed by Randy Newman, based on the opening score cue from Toy Story. In 2006, the logo was updated with the release of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest at the behest of then-Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook and studio marketing president Oren Aviv.[48] Designed by Disney animation director Mike Gabriel and producer Baker Bloodworth, the modernized logo was created completely in computer animation by Weta Digital and featured a 3D New Waltograph typography. The final rendering of the logo was done by Cameron Smith and Cyrese Parrish.[49] In addition, the revamped logo includes visual references to Pinocchio, Mary Poppins, Peter Pan, Cinderella, and Dumbo, and its redesigned castle incorporates elements from both Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella Castle, as well as fireworks and Walt Disney's family crest.[50] Mark Mancina wrote a new composition and arrangement of "When You Wish Upon a Star" to accompany the 2006 logo.[48] It was co-arranged and orchestrated by David Metzger. In 2011, starting with The Muppets, the sequence was modified to truncate the "Walt Disney Pictures" branding to "Disney".[51] The new logo sequence has been consistently modified for high-profile releases including Maleficent, Tomorrowland, and Beauty and the Beast. Film library Main article: List of Walt Disney Pictures films The studio's first live-action film was Treasure Island (1950). Animated films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar are also released by Walt Disney Pictures. The studio has released four films that have received an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination: Mary Poppins (1964), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Up (2009), and Toy Story 3 (2010).[52] Highest-grossing films Walt Disney Pictures has produced five live-action films that have grossed over $1 billion at the worldwide box office: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006), Alice in Wonderland (2010), Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Aladdin (2019);[2][53] and has released eight animated films that have reached that milestone: Toy Story 3 (2010), Frozen (2013), Zootopia, Finding Dory (both 2016), Incredibles 2 (2018), The Lion King, Toy Story 4, and Frozen II (three in 2019). Highest-grossing films in North America[54] Rank Title Year Box office gross 1 Incredibles 2 2018 $608,581,744 2 The Lion King 2019 $543,638,043 3 Beauty and the Beast 2017 $504,014,165 4 Finding Dory 2016 $486,131,416 5 Frozen II 2019 $477,373,578 6 Toy Story 3 2010 $434,038,008 7 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest 2006 $423,315,812 8 The Lion King⥠1994 $422,783,777 9 Toy Story 4 2019 $415,004,880 10 Frozen 2013 $400,738,009 11 Finding Nemo⥠2003 $380,843,261 12 The Jungle Book 2016 $364,001,123 13 Aladdin 2019 $356,258,912 14 Inside Out 2015 $356,002,827 15 Zootopia 2016 $342,268,248 16 Alice in Wonderland 2010 $334,191,110 17 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End 2007 $309,420,425 18 Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl 2003 $305,413,918 19 Up 2009 $293,004,164 20 The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 2005 $291,710,957 21 Monsters, Inc.⥠2001 $289,916,256 22 Toy Story 2⥠1999 $276,554,625 23 Monsters University 2013 $268,492,764 24 The Incredibles 2004 $261,441,092 25 Moana 2016 $248,757,044 Highest-grossing films worldwide Rank Title Year Box office gross 1 The Lion King 2019 $1,657,598,092 2 Frozen II $1,450,026,933 3 Frozen 2013 $1,280,802,282 4 Beauty and the Beast 2017 $1,264,521,126 5 Incredibles 2 2018 $1,243,805,359 6 Toy Story 4 2019 $1,073,394,593 7 Toy Story 3 2010 $1,067,171,911 8 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest 2006 $1,066,179,725 9 Aladdin 2019 $1,051,693,953 10 Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 2011 $1,045,713,802 11 Finding Dory 2016 $1,029,473,532 12 Alice in Wonderland 2010 $1,025,467,110 13 Zootopia 2016 $1,024,641,447 14 The Lion King⥠1994 $968,554,386 15 The Jungle Book 2016 $966,550,600 16 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End 2007 $963,420,425 17 Finding Nemo⥠2003 $940,335,536 18 Inside Out 2015 $857,675,046 19 Coco 2017 $807,139,032 20 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales $794,826,541 21 Maleficent 2014 $758,410,378 22 The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 2005 $745,013,115 23 Monsters University 2013 $744,229,437 24 Up 2009 $735,099,082 25 Big Hero 6 2014 $657,827,828 âĄâIncludes theatrical reissue(s). See also Walt Disney Studios (division) Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Walt Disney Television (production company) Industry5.svgCompanies portalFlag of the United States.svgUnited States portalLA Skyline Mountains2.jpgLos Angeles portalFlag of California.svgCalifornia portalVideo-x-generic.svgFilm portalAnimation disc.svgAnimation portalMad scientist.svgCartoon portalTrumpet01.svg1920s portal References D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 12, 2020). "Steve Asbell Takes Over 20th Century Studios Post Emma Watts; Vanessa Morrison Named Walt Disney Studios Streaming Production President". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 12, 2020. Fleming, Jr., Mike (March 21, 2017). "Sean Bailey On How Disney's Live-Action Division Found Its 'Beauty And The Beast' Mojo". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved March 23, 2017. "Entity Search: C1138747 - Walt Disney Pictures". California Business Search. March 16, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020. Mendelson, Scott (August 11, 2019). "'The Lion King' Just Broke A Disney Box Office Record, But It's Not Exactly Clear Which One". Forbes. Retrieved August 12, 2019. "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company (1926)". kpolsson.com. Gabler, Neal (2007). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. New York: Random House. pp. 276â277. ISBN 978-0-679-75747-4. Schroeder, Russel (1996). Walt Disney: His Life in Pictures. New York: Disney Press. "The Walt Disney Company History". Company Profiles. fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved November 6, 2012. "The Best of Walt Disney's True-Life Adventures (1975)". NY Times Movies. New York Times. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2015. "New York Times: Seal Island". NY Times. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2008. "The Walt Disney Studios". Disney Corporate. The Walt Disney Company. Retrieved June 4, 2014. Fixmer, Andy (April 25, 2007). "Disney to Drop Buena Vista Brand Name, People Say (Update1)". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2012. "Business Entity Detail: Walt Disney Pictures (search on Entity Number: C1138747)". California Business Search. California Secretary of State. Retrieved March 18, 2015. Harmetz, Aljean (February 16, 1984). "Touchstone Label to Replace Disney Name on Some Films". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 17, 2015. Harmetz, Aljean (December 2, 1988). "COMPANY NEWS; Disney Expansion Set; Film Output to Double". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 17, 2015. Kunz, William M. (2007). "2". Culture Conglomerates: Consolidation in the Motion Picture and Television Industries. Lanham, MD.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 42, 45. ISBN 978-0742540651. OCLC 63245464. Andreeva, Nellie (February 9, 2007). "Touchstone TV now ABC TV Studio". The Hollywood Reporter. AP. Retrieved March 18, 2015. "PEOPLE: Los Angeles County". Los Angeles Times. April 13, 1988. Retrieved March 31, 2017. Welkos, Robert W.; Bates, James (January 11, 1995). "Disney Live Action Film Chief Quits : Studios: Hoberman's departure is a further dismantling of the former Katzenberg team". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 31, 2017. Eller, Claudia (September 9, 1997). "Disney's Vogel to Aim at Adults". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. "David Vogel to Exit From Post as President of Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group" (Press release). Disney Studios. Business Wire. May 3, 1999. Retrieved March 30, 2017. Cox, Dan (April 28, 1999). "Vogel exit in works at Disney". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Weinraub, Bernard (May 29, 1998). "Head of Touchstone Pictures Expected to Quit, Executives Say". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Cox, Dan (January 14, 1998). "Jacobson to join Disney". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2020. "Vogel Resigns as President Of Disney's Buena Vista Unit". The Wall Street Journal. May 4, 1999. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Eller, Claudia (July 19, 2006). "Disney Fires Film Production President". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Sternwood, Vivian (2018). "Crazy Rich Asians Producer Nina Jacobson's Drive for Inclusion in Hollywood: A Timeline of Her Successful Career". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Holson, Laura (December 9, 2016). "Nina Jacobson Has Her Revenge on Hollywood's Old-Boy Network". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Bacle, Ariana (April 23, 2014). "Theme park ride-based movies: Will 'Small World' follow the trend?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 28, 2017. "Disney Sets ABC Pix". Variety. May 1, 1997. Retrieved December 30, 2015. Schwarzbaum, Lisa (March 17, 2000). "Mission to Mars". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 28, 2017. Breznican, Anthony (January 28, 2013). "Disney's mysterious '1952' movie has a new name ... 'Tomorrowland'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 29, 2013. McNary, Dave; Graser, Marc (September 19, 2013). "End of an Era: Disney and Jerry Bruckheimer Part Ways". Variety. Retrieved March 28, 2017. Graser, Marc (July 12, 2020). "Oren Aviv ousted at Disney". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Graser, Marc (January 14, 2010). "Disney names Sean Bailey production chief". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Walker, RV (March 28, 2015). "The Disney Logo: A Brief History of its Evolution and Variations". Nerdist Industries. Retrieved October 16, 2015. Kit, Borys (July 6, 2015). "Disney Buys Live-Action Prince Charming Project". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 20, 2017. Disney pioneered the recent and lucrative trend of taking either old animated classics or fairy tales and spinning them into live-action features. Oswald, Anjelica; Acuna, Kirsten (July 19, 2016). "Disney is planning 18 live-action remakes of its classic animated movies â here they all are". Business Insider. Retrieved March 20, 2017. Hipes, Patrick (October 8, 2015). "Disney: 'Ant Man And The Wasp' A Go, 'Incredibles 2' Dated & More". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved March 21, 2017. McClintock, Pamela (December 20, 2018). "Disney's Film Production Chief Talks 'Mary Poppins' and His Big Bet on 'The Lion King': "It's a New Form of Filmmaking"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 13, 2020. Jarvey, Natalie (March 9, 2020). "Bob Iger's Next Priority? Streamline Disney+ Development". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Barnes, Brooks (August 9, 2017). "With Disney's Move to Streaming, a New Era Begins". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Brooks, Barnes; Koblin, John (April 11, 2019). "Disney Plus Streaming Service Is Unveiled to Hollywood Fanfare". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. "Remember Family Films? Disney Plus Is Making 'Em Like They Used To". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2019. McClintock, Pamela (February 21, 2019). "Disney Film Chief Alan Horn Talks Fox Merger, 'Star Wars' and Pixar Post-John Lasseter". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Barnes, Brooks (August 5, 2018). "Disney's Streaming Service Starts to Come Into Focus". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020. Guerrasio, Jason (June 22, 2015). "Why the iconic Walt Disney Pictures logo was changed for 'Tomorrowland'". Businesses Insider. Retrieved June 4, 2015. "Old Disney magic in new animated logo". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 18, 2006. Retrieved July 10, 2006. "Behance". www.behance.net. Retrieved January 19, 2016. Cieply, Michael (July 10, 2014). "Eat Your Heart Out, MGM Kitty". The New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2020. Walker, RV (March 28, 2015). "The Disney Logo: A Brief History of its Evolution and Variations". Nerdist Industries. Retrieved October 16, 2015. Tribou, Richard (January 16, 2014). "Not-so-golden year for Disney's chances at the Oscars". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 20, 2016. McClintock, Pamela (July 26, 2019). "'Aladdin' Casts $1 Billion Spell at Global Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 27, 2019. "Box Office by Studio â Disney All Time". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019. "Brand: Walt Disney Animation Studios â Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 19, 2021. External links Official website Walt Disney Pictures at IMDb vte Film studios in the United States and Canada vte The Walt Disney Studios vte The Walt Disney Company Authority control Edit this at Wikidata ISNI: 0000 0001 1882 0099LCCN: n84202014NKC: kn20081124002VIAF: 133636157WorldCat Identities: lccn-n84202014 Categories: Walt Disney PicturesAmerican companies established in 1983Disney production studiosFilm production companies of the United StatesEntertainment companies based in CaliforniaCompanies based in Burbank, CaliforniaMass media companies established in 19831983 establishments in CaliforniaThe Walt Disney Studios Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in ArticleTalk ReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages ۧÙŰč۱ۚÙŰ© Español Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Melayu Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐžĐč Suomi Svenska Ű§Ű±ŰŻÙ äžæ 48 more Edit links This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 11:35 (UTC). 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đ The Global Network đWiki Loves Folklore Photograph your local culture, help Wikipedia and win!Hide Disney Parks, Experiences and Products From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Disney parks, experiences & products logo.svg Corporate logo for the subsidiary Disney Parks.svg Disney Parks brand logo Formerly Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division (1980â1989) Walt Disney Attractions (1989â2008) Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (2008â2018) Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products (2018)[1] Type Subsidiary[2] Industry Consumer products, theme parks, attractions, video games, publishing, recreation, and hospitality Predecessors Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media 20th Century Fox Consumer Products Founded April 1, 1971; 49 years ago Headquarters Lake Buena Vista, Florida[3], United States Key people Josh D'Amaro (Chairman) Jeff Vahle (President, Walt Disney World Resort) Ken Potrock (President, Disneyland Resort) Jill Estorino (President and Managing Director, Disney Parks International) Thomas Mazloum (President, Disney Signature Experiences) Products booksgamesclothing Services Theme parksHotel lodgingCruisesTimesharesGuided toursTravel packagesAttraction designLicensing Parent The Walt Disney Company Divisions Disney Parks International Disney Signature Experiences Subsidiaries Disney Consumer Products Disneyland Resort Walt Disney World Disney Vacation Development, Inc. Disneyland Paris Disneyland International Walt Disney Imagineering Research & Development, Inc. Disney Publishing Worldwide The Muppets Studio FoxNext Disney Interactive Website dpep.disney.com Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, Inc., formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's six major business segments and a subsidiary.[2] It was founded on April 1, 1971, exactly six months before the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida just outside of Orlando, Florida. Originally, the company was known as Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division and later as Walt Disney Attractions. The most recent chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts was Bob Chapek, formerly president of Disney Consumer Products. Chapek was promoted to CEO of The Walt Disney Company on February 25, 2020.[4][5] On May 18, 2020, Josh D'Amaro was appointed as chairman of the division, succeeding Chapek. In 2018, the company's theme parks hosted over 157.3 million guests, making Disney Parks the world's most visited theme park company worldwide,[6] with United Kingdom-based Merlin Entertainments coming in second at 67 million guests. It is by far Disney's largest business segment according to employee headcount, with approximately 130,000[7] of the company's 180,000 employees as of 2015.[8] In March 2018, Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media was merged into Parks and Resorts and renamed Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. In September 2020, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products laid off 28,000 employees.[9] Contents 1 Background 2 History 2.1 Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division 2.2 Walt Disney Attractions 2.3 Disney Destinations 2.4 Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide 2.5 Disney Parks, Experiences and Products 3 Disney resorts 3.1 Disneyland Resort 3.2 Walt Disney World 3.3 Tokyo Disney Resort 3.4 Disneyland Paris 3.5 Hong Kong Disneyland Resort 3.6 Shanghai Disney Resort 4 Training 5 Abandoned and misreported concepts 6 Disney intellectual properties outside Disney parks 6.1 Marvel Entertainment 6.2 Star Wars 6.3 20th Century Studios 7 Adaptations 8 Other ventures 8.1 Disney Signature Experiences 8.2 Disney Sports Enterprises 8.2.1 DSE background 8.2.2 DSE history 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Background Main article: Disneyland, Inc. In 1949, Ice Capades added a Disney segment to its performances. Costumes from those shows were used at the opening of Disneyland in 1955 with some performers hired away for Disney.[10] Originally, entry into the theme park and travel business was a side project of Walt Disney himself. As the Disneylandia project started to become a reality, Walt Disney Productions at Walt's request set up Disneyland, Inc. (DLI) in 1951 and agreed to a design deal in March 1953 with WED Enterprises (WED), Walt's personal corporation, which then included what would now be called Walt Disney Imagineering.[11][CDL 1] With the WED concept designs and prospectus for Disneylandia, Roy Disney in September 1953 met with TV networks in a deal for Disney-produced TV show and Disneyland investment. American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (AB-PT) agreed to the Disneyland, Inc. investment.[11] Joining AB-PT as Disneyland investors were Walt Disney Productions (WDP), Western Publishing and Walt Disney.[CDL 2] Walt Disney Productions had the option to repurchase the Walt Disney, WED and Western Publishing shares (31%) by May 1, 1959, for $562,500.[12] With a need for the Disneyland Hotel nearby and no funding available for Disney to build it, Walt Disney approached Jack Wrather to build the hotel who agreed.[13] Disneyland, changed from Disneylandia, was announced in April 1954 by Walt to be opened in July 1955.[CDL 3][CDL 4] On July 17, 1955, the Disneyland park opened with five themed "lands" containing eighteen attractions with double the expected guests.[CDL 5] WED owned Santa Fe & Disneyland Railroad opened, too.[14] On June 29, 1957, Disney Production exercised its options to purchase all but AB-PT's common stock outstanding. This allowed WDP to consolidate DLI into its 1957 annual accounting statements adding four months' worth of net profits, $511K.[15] In June 1960, Walt Disney Productions completed the purchase of AB-PT's share of the company for nearly $7.5 million and its TV contract, and the theme park became a fully owned subsidiary of Walt Disney Productions.[CDL 6] The first Audio-Animatronic attraction, Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, opened at Disneyland in 1963.[16] History Beginning in 1958 with the contracting of Economics Research Associates (ERA) to find a location for another Disney resort, Disney Productions moved beyond a single park. ERA recommended Florida; another study in 1961 named Ocala or Orlando in Florida as possible locations. In November 1963, Walt Disney made a trip to Florida for final site selection.[CDW 1]:333, 334 In 1962, Disney Productions purchased Celebrity Sports Center (opened on September 17, 1960, in Denver, Colorado) from its owners, including Walt Disney, Art Linkletter, and John Payne, to use as a staff training center for its second resort.[17] In 1963, Roy made plans to buy from 5,000 to 10,000 acres (2,000 to 4,000 ha), which was carried out in 1964, amassing 27,443 acres (11,106 ha) by October 1965.[CDW 2][CDW 3] Plans for the Florida project that would eventually become Walt Disney World were announced to the public in November 1965.[CDW 3] Legislation forming the Reedy Creek Improvement District was signed into law by Florida Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr. on May 12, 1967, allowing Disney to build the infrastructure for the second park.[CDW 4] Ground breaking followed for the future Reedy Creek park on May 30.[CDW 5] In Roy O. Disney's last act as CEO in 1968, he officially named the second park Walt Disney World.[CDW 1]:357 Disneyland International was incorporated on November 20, 1961.[18] The next year, The Oriental Land Company contacted Disney about building a theme park.[19] In 1959, the WED-owned Disneyland-Alweg Monorail System was installed at Disneyland.[14][20] Disneyland's first new themed land, New Orleans Square, opened in 1966. Tomorrowland was revamped in 1967 with seven new attractions.[20] The design and architectural group and the WED Enterprise name was purchased from Walt's corporation, renamed as Retlaw Enterprise.[14] Disney expanded into attractions at the 1964 New York World's Fair with It's a Small World[21] and costumed character appearances. When the characters proved a hit at the 1964 World's Fair, Walt wanted another outlet for "live" characters; thus, Disneyland put on Disney on Parade, a self-produced live arena show starting in 1969.[10][22] Small World and its famous song lasted two years at the fair; it was then moved to Disneyland as an expanded major attraction in 1966 and later duplicated in the other Disney theme parks.[21] In 1965, Walt Disney won a bid with the US Forest Service to develop Mineral King as a ski resort. The Sierra Club sued in June 1969 to stop the development, which was granted by the federal district judge. The Forest Service appealed and won at the appeal and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruling left open to the club the possibility of refiling. In the next round of lawsuits, the same district judge blocked the redevelopment. The injunction and the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act led to Disney backing out.[23] $40 million worth of Walt Disney Productions Convertible Debentures were sold in January 1968 to fund Disney World (WDW). The next year in February, an agreement was made with multiple labor unions, in which the unions exchanged the right to strike for regular pay increases during the first building phase.[CDW 6] By 1971, chairman of the Park Operations Committee and vice president of park operations Dick Nunis was appointed executive vice president of Disneyland and Walt Disney World.[24] Walt Disney World began operation on October 1, 1971, with the Magic Kingdom park at a cost of $400 million. The Magic Kingdom had six themed lands: Main Street, Adventureland, Fantasyland, Frontierland, Liberty Square, and Tomorrowland.[CDW 7] Additionally, Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort campground and two hotels, Disney's Contemporary Resort and Disney's Polynesian Village Resort, also opened.[CDW 8] Disneyland expanded in 1972 with a seventh themed land, Bear Country, replacing the Indian Village of Frontierland, and later renamed Critter Country. In 1979, the Disneyland crafts and maintenance union workers went on strike for 15 days, at first, rejecting and then accepting the park's contract.[20] Space Mountain opens at Disneyland in 1977.[20] Two more hotels opened in 1973 at Walt Disney World: the Golf Resort[25] and the Gold Resort;[CDW 9] Disney's Village Resort hotel opened in 1974.[citation needed] Disney opened the Buena Vista Club golf club in Lake Buena Vista on November 22, 1974.[CDW0 1]:71 Lake Buena Vista Village, the shopping area, opened on March 22, 1975[CDW0 1] and was renamed Walt Disney World Village in 1977.[26]:280 Celebrity Sports Center, Disney World's training center, was sold on March 29, 1979.[17] At Walt Disney World, the Treasure Island nature preserve pens opened on April 8, 1974,[CDW0 2]:569 renamed Discovery Island in 1977.[CDW0 1]:126 On July 1, 1975, the WEDway PeopleMover opened in the Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland.[CDW0 3] The first water park, River Country, opened on June 20, 1976 at Disney World.[CDW0 4]:22 EPCOT Center's groundbreaking occurred at Walt Disney World in May 1979.[CDW0 5] In 1979, Oriental Land and Disney agreed to build a Japanese theme park.[19] Tokyo Disneyland opened on April 15, 1983 on 200 acres (80 ha) in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.[27] Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division With the retirement of Donn Tatum as Walt Disney Productions' Chairman and CEO on June 3, 1980, three divisions were formed, including the Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division, of which Disney Legend, Dick Nunis was named division president.[CDW0 6] Disneyland started using Disney Dollars on May 5, 1987,[CDL4 1] while Walt Disney World parks started with Epcot on October 2.[CDW1 1] A renegotiated Disneyland Japan royalty agreement in April 1988 by Chief Financial Officer Gary L. Wilson netted Disney US$723 million in cash in exchange for lower royalty payments.[CDW0 7] The steam railroad and monorail at Disneyland were purchased from Retlaw Enterprises, formerly WED Enterprises, in 1982.[20] Bear Country was renamed Critter Country on November 23, 1988.[CDL4 2] Tishman Company's plans for two Walt Disney World hotels were rejected by the new CEO Michael Eisner on September 30, 1984, marking a change in Disney architecture. New plans for the Dolphin and Swan hotels were submitted by Michael Graves in July 1986;[CDW1 2] ground breaking took place on January 28, 1988.[CDW1 3] The first non-Disney owned hotel, Pickett Suite Resort, opened in Disney World Village on March 15, 1987.[CDW1 4] On June 1, 1982, the Walt Disney World monorail line was extended to EPCOT Center from the Ticket and Transportation Center.[CDW0 1]:338 The EPCOT Center theme park opened on October 1, 1982, at a building cost of US$1.2 billion, with two areas, Future World and World Showcase.[CDW0 8]:272 Plans for a Hollywood-style theme park were announced in April 1985 for the Walt Disney World resort at a project cost of US$300 million.[CDW1 5] In April 1985, Disney signed a licensing agreement with MGM, giving Disney the right to use the MGM name, logo and movie library for this third park.[28] Construction of the Disney-MGM Studios theme park began in 1986.[CDW1 6] Disney-MGM Studios opened on May 1, 1989,[CDW1 7] along with a Pleasure Island entertainment area;[CDW1 8] its second water park, Disney's Typhoon Lagoon, opened on June 1.[CDW1 9] In 1983, Walt Disney World Village's name was changed to the Disney Village Marketplace.[CDW1 10] A new themed area, Mickey's Birthdayland, opened in the Magic Kingdom near Fantasyland on June 18, 1988.[CDW1 11] In 1987, Disney and Ron Brierley's Industrial Equity (Pacific) Ltd., already a 28% owner of the Wrather Corporation, agreed to purchase the remaining Wrather Corporation stock with a 50% share each.[29][30] Wrather Corporation owned the Disneyland Hotel and operated the Queen Mary and Spruce Goose tourist attractions.[29] In March 1988, Disney purchased Industrial Equity's half of Wrather Corporation.[30] In 1985, Premier Cruise Line became the licensed partner cruise line with Disney. This allowed Disney characters on their ships and combined cruise, hotel, and theme park packages.[31] Walt Disney Attractions The Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division was incorporated as Walt Disney Attractions, Inc. on August 10, 1989.[32] In January 1990, Disney CEO Eisner announced plans to expand both Disneyland (by 20% in 10 years)[CDC 1] and Walt Disney World (WDW). The plan would have WDW add another theme park and 16 new attractions in Disney-MGM Studios.[CDW2 1] Disney and The Coca-Cola Company agreed to a 15-year marketing contract on January 25: Coca-Cola products would be exclusive in Disney theme parks, and Coca-Cola would use some Disney characters in their ads.[CDC 2] On March 16, 1990, Attractions president Nunis announced a 25-year plan for a 4,400-acre (1,800 ha) development in Osceola, Florida, with homes, shopping malls and industrial buildings.[CDC 3] In 1990, the possibility of a West Coast version of Epcot Center was placed in development.[CDC 4] This was announced as WestCOT in 1991, to be placed at the Disneyland Resort.[20] On July 31, 1990, a new 350-acre (140 ha) ocean-themed park and resort, Port Disney, was announced for Long Beach. Port was to have a cruise-ship terminal, five hotels, restaurants, and shopping areas, costing $2 billion to build.[CDC 5] On December 12, 1991, Disney selected only one California project to go forward with, Disneyland Resort, which was to include the WestCOT Center, hotels, a shopping mall, and a lake. [CDL5 1] Port Disney was abandoned in March 1992, and Disney canceled its leases on the Queen Mary and Spruce Goose attractions picked up from the Wrather Corporation.[CDC 6] Mickey's Toontown, a new themed land at Disneyland, opened on January 24, 1993.[CDL5 2] Disney canceled its plans for WestCOT in mid-1995 due to financial issues at Disneyland Paris and the park's projected high cost. That park was then replaced by plans for the California Adventure park, hotels, and a retail district.[33] At Walt Disney World, Mickey's Birthdayland closed on April 22, 1991, then reopened on May 26 as Mickey's Starland.[CDW2 2]324, 329, 333 In order to expand Disney World on wetland, on April 23, 1993, the company agreed to form an 8,500-acre (3,400 ha) wilderness preserve in Florida, known as the Disney Wilderness Preserve.[CDW2 3] The Disney Inn hotel was leased starting February 1, 1994, by the US Army, then purchased on January 12, 1996, and later renamed Shades of Green.[CDW2 2]130 Planet Hollywood opened a location in Pleasure Island on December 17, 1994.[CDW1 12] The third water park at Walt Disney World, Disney's Blizzard Beach, opened on April 1, 1995.[CDW3 1] The Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland was completely refurbished and reopened in June 1995.[CDW3 2] Taking up a corner of the Magic Kingdom parking lot, the Walt Disney World Speedway opened on November 28, 1995.[CDW3 3] In 1996, the Disney Institute opened on February 9,[CDW3 4] and Disney's BoardWalk opened on July 1.[CDW3 5] The first of the World of Disney stores opened in the Disney Village Marketplace on October 3.[CDW3 6] The Downtown Disney district opened in November 1997, combining Disney Village Marketplace and Pleasure Island.[CDW3 7] A fourth theme park, Disney's Animal Kingdom, opened at Disney World the week of April 20, 1998.[34] The first Disney Vacation Club Resorts, Vacation Club Resort, opened on October 1, 1991, and was renamed Disney's Old Key West Resort in January 1996. These vacation club hotels were operated by Disney Vacation Developments, Inc. as vacation timeshares.[CDW2 4] The first off-resort vacation club hotel was Vacation Club Resort, which opened on October 1, 1995, in Vero Beach, Florida.[CDC 7] In 1993, Premier Cruises discontinued its partnership with Disney for one with Warner Bros. After failing to reach agreements with Carnival or Royal Caribbean, Disney announced in 1994 the formation of its cruise line. The Disney Cruise Line launched with the Disney Magic ship in 1998 along with its exclusive resort island port of Castaway Cay.[31] Disney reportedly had plans to build a park named Disney's America. The park was to have been located in Haymarket, Virginia; 2,300 acres (930 ha) of property were purchased from Exxon in 1993.[CDC 8] The history-themed park was announced on November 11, 1993. The plans for the 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) called for a 150-acre (61 ha) amusement park, a campground, a golf course, 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of office/commercial space, and 2500 homes.[CDC 9] With projections indicating that the park would operate at a loss and with opposition in the press, Disney canceled the project on September 15, 1994.[CDC 10] Walt Disney Imagineering created Disney Fair, a U.S. traveling attraction, which premiered in September 1996. The fair was poorly attended and was pulled after a few stops. Disney Entertainment Projects (Asia Pacific) Inc., a new Disney Asian Pacific subsidiary, selected a renamed fair called DisneyFest as its first project, taking it to Singapore to open there on October 30, 1997.[35] In November 1995, Disney announced the building of Tokyo DisneySea, to be owned by Oriental along with Tokyo Disneyland.[27] Oriental and Disney signed the DisneySea licensing agreement in November 1997; the theme park was scheduled to open in 2001 at a cost of $2.6 billion.[36] In December 1998, Walt Disney Attractions added Disneyland Paris, Disney Regional Entertainment and Walt Disney Imagineering to its portfolio, which already held Disney World, Disney Cruise Line, Disneyland, and Tokyo Disneyland. Chairman Dick Nunis retired at the same time.[37] On October 31, 1999, Walt Disney Attractions, Inc. was merged into Walt Disney Attractions, LLC.[38] On June 19, 1998, Disney Regional Entertainment opened its first DisneyQuest, a location-based entertainment venue, at Downtown Disney West Side in Walt Disney World.[39] The first DisneyQuest outside of a resort was opened in Chicago on June 16, 1999, with plans for more locations worldwide.[40] In 1999, plans were announced for a new resort in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Disneyland, as a joint venture, Hong Kong International Theme Parks Ltd., between the Hong Kong Government and Disney Resorts.[41] The Disney Wonder cruise ship began operation on August 15.[42] Disney World's Discovery Island was closed on April 8, 1999.[43] Disney Destinations Walt Disney Attractions, LLC changed its name to Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, LLC on April 14, 2000, then to Disney Destinations, LLC on April 25, 2006.[44] Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort opened on September 4, 2001.[45] The Walt Disney Company in selling its Japanese and US chains decided to keep the Disney Stores in Europe, along with the store in Manhattan, which was converted into a World of Disney store run by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts in 2004.[46] Downtown Disney opened at the Disneyland Resort on January 12, 2001, between Disneyland and the future California Adventure. [CDC 11] Disney California Adventure Park opened at the Disneyland Resort on February 8, 2001, with three major areas: Paradise Pier, Hollywood Pictures Backlot, and the Golden State.[33] In California Adventure on October 6, 2002, A Bug's Land area opened.[CDC 12] Parks and Resorts chairman Jay Rasulo announced at Disney's D23 Expo in Anaheim, California on September 12, 2009, that Walt Disney World's Fantasyland would be overhauled and increased in size by 2013.[CDC 13] A $1 billion expansion/renovation of Disney California Adventure Park was announced in 2007 to be completed by 2012.[47] River Country water park closed on September 1, 2001.[CDC 14][48] Disney-MGM Studios is renamed Disney's Hollywood Studios in January 2008.[49] Pleasure Island's core remaining six nightclubs were closed down in late 2008 to change the area to match the family friendly make-up of the other two sections of Downtown Disney at Disney World.[50] Walt Disney Studios Park opened March 16, 2002, as the second theme park at the renamed Disneyland Resort Paris. The first park was renamed Disneyland Park (DLP).[CDC 15] DLP Paris opened in August 2000 Toy Story Playland with three attractions.[51] Construction on Hong Kong Disneyland began on January 12, 2003,[52] then opened September 12, 2005.[CDC 16] Groundbreaking occurred at Hong Kong Disneyland in December 2009 for a three land expansion: Mystic Point, Grizzly Gulch, and Toy Story Land.[CDC 17] In June 2005, Disney Magic made the first cruise outside of the Caribbean, by moving its port for the summer to Los Angeles with a Mexican Riviera schedule.[42] Disney Cruise Line ordered a new 2 ships class from Meyer Werft shipyard in Germany by February 22, 2007.[42][CDC 18] The Magic in May 2007 transferred its homeport to Barcelona, Spain, for the lines' first summer Mediterranean itinerary then returned to its permanent port in September.[42] The Chicago DisneyQuest location was closed in September 2001.[53] Disney Parks started the Adventures by Disney tour vacation business in 2005.[54] Disney entered a float, "The Most Magical Celebration on Earth", into the 2006 Pasadena Tournament of Roses parade.[CDC 19] In October 2007, Disney announced plans to build a resort at Ko Olina Resort & Marina in Kapolei, Hawaii, featuring both a hotel and Disney Vacation Club timeshare units. The 800-unit property, named Aulani, opened in 2011 and joined the other resorts not associated with a theme park, such as Disney's Hilton Head Island Resort in South Carolina.[55] With the Walt Disney World Millennium Celebration starting on October 1, 2000, sanctioned Disney Pin Trading was started.[CDC 20][CDC 21] In 2001, the Themed Entertainment Association gave Disney Parks and Resorts the Thea Award for Breakthrough Innovation for the park's FastPass system.[CDC 22] Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. was incorporated on September 29, 2008,[2] and took over the parks and resorts business segment. Disney Parks and Resorts reorganized in early 2009 which included layoffs in all units due to recession-induced falling attendance. 600 U.S. managers in January were buyout packages. Worldwide Operations was formed under President Al Weiss in 2009. Worldwide Operations would take over various back-office functions previously performed by both Disney World and Disneyland including training, procurement, menu planning, and merchandise development. While its Walt Disney Imagineering subsidiary combined its three development units.[56] In November 2009, Disney received approval from the Chinese government to build a Disneyland resort in Shanghai's Pudong district.[57] The resort opened on June 16, 2016.[58] California Adventure completed its overhaul in 2012 adding two new lands: Cars Land and Buena Vista Street. The overhaul also included a re-themed of several attractions plus a pair of classic dark rides.[47] In July 2017, it was announced that Paradise Pier land would be replaced by Pixar Pier,[59] with four neighborhoods, and the remainder not in Pixar Pier would be replaced by Paradise Park. Pixar Pier opened on June 23, 2018.[60] Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, a 14-acre (5.7 ha) themed land for both Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios announced at the D23 Expo on August 15, 2015.[61] Construction began at both locations on April 14, 2016.[62] The lands at both parks opened in 2019.[63] The New Fantasyland at Magic Kingdom opened on December 6, 2012. It is the biggest upgrade to the theme park since its opening in 1971.[64] Announced along with its new Star Wars Land expansion at the D23 Expo on August 15, 2015, Hollywood Studios was slated to have a version of Toy Story Land.[65] Holz became president of New Vacation Operations of Parks & Resorts[66] reporting to Al Weiss, president of worldwide operations for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.[67] by April 2008.[68] In February 2009, Holz returned to the presidency of Disney Cruise Line in addition to his continuing as head of New Vacation Operations,[66] which was primarily Adventures by Disney. As an extension of the "One Disney" initiative and the resignation of Weiss, Disney Vacation Club was added to New Vacation Operations. While Holz and Meg Crofton joined Disney Parks and Resorts executive committee in July 2011. At that time, Crofton was transferred from Disney World president to president of operations in the U.S. and France, a new positions.[67] The Disney Dream ship began service in January 2011 and Disney Cruise Line (DCL) announced the maiden voyage of the Disney Fantasy to be March 31, 2012. The Dream deployment allowed Disney Wonder to be stationed at Port of Los Angeles for Mexican Riviera cruises,[69] but initial served in the short Alaska cruise season.[31] Magic moved to New York for Canadian or Bahama cruises starting May 25, 2012.[CDC 23] DCL's Magic was refitted in late 2013.[70] The first of three expansion theme lands at Hong Kong Disneyland, Toy Story Land, opened on November 18, 2011.[71] Grizzly Gulch opened at Hong Kong Disneyland on July 13, 2012.[72] The final land of this expansion, Mystic Point, opened at Hong Kong Disneyland on May 17, 2013.[73] On February 5, 2015, it was announced that Tom Staggs had been promoted to Disney Company Chief operating officer but would continue as chairman of Parks and Resorts until his successor was named.[74] On February 23, 2015, Robert Chapek was named chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts effective that day.[75] On April 29, 2015, The Walt Disney Company, through the subsidiary, Carousel Holdings Eat LLC, has purchased Carousel Inn & Suites hotel in Anaheim, from Good Hope International for $32 million. The purchase was considered a strategic purchase; the hotel would not be considered a part of the Disneyland hotel portfolio and would operate independently.[76] Disney indicted in August 2016, that the company would be closing the Carousel Inn in October 2016 in preparation for razing it as part of plans to construct a new parking structure, transit plaza and pedestrian bridge over Harbor Boulevard.[77] On February 10, 2017, Disney revealed a deal to purchase Kingdom Holding Co.'s shares of Euro Disney S.C.A. as the first step in purchasing the remaining shares held by others. Disney has offered about $2.12 a share, a 67% premium over the Euronext Paris Stock Exchange value as of February 9. The company expects the buyout and delisting to be finished by June. Plans are for the company to invest another $1.4 billion into Disneyland Paris after the buyout to counteract the recent Paris terrorist attack, which hurt a previous 2014 park hotel investment. If this buyout is successful, it would make the resort the only resort 100% owned and operated by Disney outside of the United States of America.[78] On June 13, 2017, The Walt Disney Company reached the 95% threshold required for a mandatory takeover according to French law, owning 97.08% of Euro Disney S.C.A., paving the way for The Walt Disney Company to become the sole owner and operator of Disneyland Paris.[79] Disney Parks, Experiences and Products As part of The Walt Disney Companyâs March 2018 strategic reorganization, Disney Consumer Products, and Interactive Media was merged into the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts segment and renamed Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. Parks and Resorts Chairman Bob Chapek was named chairman of this new segment, who also previously served as head of Disney Consumer Products.[1] At the time, the Consumer Products chairman position was vacant, as its former holder, James Pitaro, had been recently appointed as the new head of ESPN and co-chair of Disney Media Networks.[80] In March 2018, a Disney Parks West regional division was formed with Disneyland Resort in California, Walt Disney World in Florida, and Disneyland Paris under Catherine Powell, outgoing Disneyland Paris president. This mirrors the Disney Parks East regional division consisting of Shanghai Disney Resort, Hong Kong Disneyland and Walt Disney Attractions Japan and headed by Michael Colglazier. Imagineering was expected to take on the development of merchandise, games, publishing, and apps. Paul Gainer moved up from Disney Retail head to head up the new Global Product Management and Distribution unit, which includes Disney Retail, Global Licensing, and digital guest experience.[81][82][83] New Vacation Operations and Disney Cruise Line division was renamed Disney Signature Experiences along with a new president, Jeff Vahle, for the division in April 2018.[84] On January 1, 2019, Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products changed its name to Disney Parks, Experiences and Products.[85] Disney Cruise Line purchase in early March 2019 another Bahamas destination, Lighthouse Point property on the island of Eleuthera.[86] In July 2019, Disney denied reports of plans to launch its own airline with the purchase of small regional airlines in the United States.[87][88] With the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by August 2019, National Geographic Partners' non-TV operations were transferred into its Disney counterpart with NG Media and National Geographic Expeditions moving to the segment's units, Disney Publishing Worldwide and Disney Signature Experiences, respectively.[89] Powell supervised the two Star Wars-themed land, Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, openings in May at Disneyland and August 2019 in Disney's Hollywood Studios. However, initial numbers showed an attendance dropped instead of the boost such an opening should have generated. In late September, Powell left the company with the Parks West regional division being dissolved, thus having those resorts' executives directly report to chairman Chapek.[90] He denied that Powell was let go because of the low attendance issue from Galaxy's Edge, but instead, Powell's position was a temporary one to allow Chapek to focus on the acquisition of 21st Century Fox.[91] Powell's departure from Disney was soon followed by a domino of executive appointments, as announced on September 26, 2019.[91] George Kalogridis, then-president of the Walt Disney World Resort, was promoted as the president of segment development and enrichment. Kalogridis is replaced by Josh D'Amaro, then-president of the Disneyland Resort, as president of the Walt Disney World Resort. In turn, D'Amaro was replaced by Rebecca Campbell as president of the Disneyland Resort. Campbell transferred from the Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International segment where she served as the president of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Both D'Amaro and Campbell assumed these roles in November 2019. In addition, Michael Colglazier is also promoted as the president and managing director of Disney Parks International and will oversee Disneyland Paris as well as those under the Parks East regional division.[92] In February 2020, Chapek was promoted from chairman of this segment to chief executive officer of the Walt Disney Company under executive chairman Bob Iger.[93] With the closure of all Disney parks in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic, Disney donated 150,000 rain ponchos usually sold at the parks to MedShare, to be distributed in hospitals.[94] In May 2020, CEO Chapek named new appointees under the Disney Parks, Experiences, and Products segment. Succeeding Chapek as chairman of this segment is Josh D'Amaro, then-president of the Walt Disney World Resort. Jeff Vahle, then-president of Disney Signature Experiences, replaced D'Amaro as president of the Walt Disney World Resort. Thomas Mazloum, senior vice president for transportation and resort operations at the Walt Disney World Resort, succeeded Vahle as president of Disney Signature Experiences. In addition, Kareem Daniel, former president of operations/product creation/publishing/games at Walt Disney Imagineering, was named president of consumer products, games and publishing.[95] Ken Potrock replaced Rebecca Campbell as president of the Disneyland Resort;[95] Campbell returned to the Director-to-Consumer & International segment as its chairman, replacing Kevin Mayer.[96] On July 15, 2020, it was announced that Jill Estorino, then-executive vice president, global marketing and sales, replaced Michael Colglazier as president and managing director of Disney Parks International, supervising Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland, and Shanghai Disney Resort.[97] On September 28, 2020, D'Amaro announced the difficult decision to lay off over 28,000 employees in the parks division, many of them being part-time workers. D'Amaro cited the uncertainty of the ongoing pandemic as well as California's continued reluctance to reopen Disneyland as factors.[98] Nearly 6,700 Central Florida employees, including almost 6,500 Disney World workers, were also among those laid off.[99] On October 13, 2020, Disney CEO and former Disney Park, Experiences and Products head Bob Chapek agreed to keep Disney World at only 25% capacity until the Center For Disease Control (CDC) issued new guidance and also stated that with regards to reopening Disneyland, "It's not much of a negotiation. It's pretty much a mandate that we stay closed."[100] Disney resorts See also: List of Disney theme park attractions Disney Parks, Experiences and Products is located in EarthShanghai Disney ResortShanghai Disney ResortHong Kong Disneyland ResortHong Kong Disneyland ResortDisneyland ParisDisneyland ParisTokyo Disney ResortTokyo Disney ResortWalt Disney WorldWalt Disney WorldDisneyland ResortDisneyland Resort Locations of Disney resorts â Red pog.svg International Blue pog.svg US direct reports Green pog.svg Owned by The Oriental Land Company, licensed under International division Disneyland Resort Main article: Disneyland Resort Disneyland was founded as a single park by Walt Disney and opened on July 17, 1955, in Anaheim, California. Disneyland Hotel opened to the public on October 5, 1955. In 2001, the site expanded significantly and was renamed the Disneyland Resort with the opening of Disney California Adventure Park on February 8, 2001, Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa on January 2, 2001, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel on December 15, 2000, and Downtown Disney on January 12, 2001. Disneyland was re-branded Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the larger resort complex. The resort focuses on Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters and occupies 500 acres (2.0 km2). Walt Disney World Main article: Walt Disney World The Walt Disney World resort opened October 1, 1971, in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, with the Magic Kingdom theme park and three resort hotels. It expanded with the opening of Epcot in 1982, Disney-MGM Studios (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) and Disney's Typhoon Lagoon in 1989, Disney's Blizzard Beach in 1995, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998, Disney Springs retail, dining, and entertainment complex, eight golf courses, and 18 new resort hotels. The resort is the largest (by area) and most-visited vacation resort in the world, with four theme parks, two water parks, a shopping, dining, and entertainment complex, 21 resort hotels, eight golf courses, and several additional recreational activities, and covers 27,258 acres. Other venues: ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Tokyo Disney Resort Main article: Tokyo Disney Resort Tokyo Disney Resort, in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, opened April 15, 1983, as Tokyo Disneyland. On September 4, 2001, the resort expanded with Tokyo DisneySea. There are several resort hotels on-site, but only three are owned by the resort, which boasts the largest parking structure in the world. Designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, the resort is fully owned and operated by The Oriental Land Company and licensed by The Walt Disney Company. The Walt Disney Attractions Japan team at The Walt Disney Company communicates with the Oriental Land Company over all aspects of the resort and assigns Imagineers to it. Its properties, below, are divided into parks, shopping centers, and lodging. Shopping, dining, and entertainment complex: Ikspiari Disneyland Paris Main article: Disneyland Paris Disneyland Paris, Disney's second international resort complex, and the largest Disney resort outside the United States, opened on April 12, 1992, as Euro Disney Resort. Located in Marne-la-VallĂ©e in the suburbs of Paris, France, it features two theme parks, a golf course, an entertainment complex, and seven Disney resort hotels. It is the only resort outside the United States fully owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company.[78] Its properties, listed below, occupy 4,940 acres (20.0 km2) and are divided into parks and shopping centers. Hong Kong Disneyland Resort Main article: Hong Kong Disneyland Resort Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, Disney's fifth resort and its second in Asia, opened September 12, 2005. The resort is located in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. The resort consists of Hong Kong Disneyland theme park, Inspiration Lake Recreation Centre, and three hotels, with land reserved for future expansion. It is owned and operated by Hong Kong International Theme Parks, an incorporated company jointly owned by The Walt Disney Company and the Government of Hong Kong. The first phase of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort occupies 320 acres (1.3 km2). Shanghai Disney Resort Main article: Shanghai Disney Resort In November 2009, Disney received approval from the central government of China to build a Disney theme park, Shanghai Disneyland Park, in Shanghai's Pudong district. "China is one of the most dynamic, exciting and important countries in the world and this approval marks a very significant milestone for Walt Disney Co in mainland China," said Robert Iger, president and CEO of Disney.[101] The resort opened on June 16, 2016.[58] A groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 7, 2011.[102] Shopping, dining, and entertainment complex: Disneytown Training Each new employee ("cast member") at a Disney theme park is trained at a Disney University, founded by Walt Disney in 1955. Before training specific to the work they will perform, each employee attends the "Disney Traditions" course where they learn about the philosophies and history of Disney's guest services.[103][104] Abandoned and misreported concepts Main article: List of Disney attractions that were never built Disney had plans to build Walt Disney's Riverfront Square in St. Louis, but canceled the project in July 1965. In the 1960s, Disney initiated a plan for a ski resort at Mineral King in California. Opposition from environmental groups led by the Sierra Club led to a temporary court injunction in 1969 and legal battles through the 1970s. The project's planning and scale changed multiple times, and in 1978, Mineral King was annexed into Sequoia National Park, ending any possibility of developing a resort there.[105] Disney had plans to build a park named Disney's America in Haymarket, Virginia, but abandoned the idea in 1994. On September 28, 1994, Michael Eisner announced Disney was canceling its plans after a bruising national media fight with Protect Historic America, and aggressive local opposition in Virginia from Protect Prince William and other citizen groups. Disney had plans to build a smaller Disneyland-style theme park in Sydney, Australia, between 2007 and 2008, with the proposed name "Disney Wharf at Sydney Harbour", but the concept was abandoned due to mixed responses in the New South Wales Government.[106] In early January 2011, conflicting reports emerged regarding Disney's involvement in a proposed entertainment complex in Haifa, Israel, whose plans include a small (30,000 square meter) amusement park scheduled to open in 2013. The project will be partially funded by Shamrock Holdings, a Disney-affiliated investment firm. In the wake of reports from Israeli business newspaper, Globes and industry newswire Amusement Management that Disney itself would be involved in the project's development, a spokesperson for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts clarified to Fast Company that Disney did not have any plans to be involved in the building of the park.[107] Disney intellectual properties outside Disney parks Due to its acquisitions of Marvel Entertainment in 2009, Lucasfilm in 2012 and 20th Century Studios in 2019, some Disney-owned franchises are represented in its competitors' parks. Marvel Entertainment Marvel Super Hero Island, a themed land featuring characters and settings from Marvel Comics, has operated at Universal Orlando Resort's Islands of Adventure park since 1999, as well as the Islands of Adventure, cloned ride The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man at Universal Studios Japan since 2004. Under Marvel's 1994 agreement with Universal Parks & Resorts in regional terms, none of the Marvel characters and other persons related to such characters (e.g., side characters, team members, and the villains associated with the Avengers, Fantastic Four, X-Men, Spider-Man, etc.) connected with Islands of Adventure and Universal Studios Japan can be used at Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney Resort.[108] The Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disney Resort also cannot use the Marvel brand name as part of an attraction or marketing and the Marvel-themed simulator ride.[109] This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet-and-greets with Marvel characters not associated with the ones present at Islands of Adventure, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy,[110][111] and Doctor Strange.[112] Hong Kong Disneyland, Shanghai Disneyland, and Disneyland Paris either have or planned to incorporate meet and greets as well as attractions relating to the Marvel characters, as well as using the Marvel name and the Marvel simulator ride. IMG Worlds of Adventure in Dubai has a Marvel-themed section.[113] Star Wars A Star Wars-themed section of Legoland California's Miniland USA opened in 2011, with a similar version opening at Legoland Florida[114] in November 2012, just weeks before Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm and the Star Wars franchise. However, the Star Wars-themed sections at Miniland USA, Legoland Florida, and other Legoland areas will close at the start of 2020 before the 2020 theme park season due to the expiration of their contract with Lucasfilm.[115] 20th Century Studios Following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox in March 2019, The Simpsons became the intellectual property of Disney. Like Marvel before it, The Simpsons is represented in Universal parks, with The Simpsons Ride having operated at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida since 2008, with accompanying themed areas based on the show's setting of Springfield. The Fox acquisition also made Disney responsible for the future of Malaysia's under-construction 20th Century Fox World theme park. The park's owner, Genting Group, filed a $1.75 billion lawsuit against The Walt Disney Company and 21st Century Fox in November 2018, accusing Fox of trying to back out of the deal for licensing the theme park. In the suit, Genting Malaysia alleges that Fox has taken steps to cancel the contract. The suit also names Disney as a defendant, contending that Disney executives, following the company's then-pending acquisition of Fox, were "calling the shots" on the project and that they were opposed to the park because they would have "no control" over its operations and that it would be adjacent to a casino, which would go against Disney's "family-friendly" image.[116] Fox, in turn, referred to the suit as "without merit", stating that their reasons for withdrawing from the deal were due to Genting consistently not meeting "agreed-upon deadlines for several years" and that Genting's attempts to blame Disney for Fox's default were "made up".[117] In July 2019, it was announced that Fox and Genting had settled their respective lawsuits. As part of the deal, Genting would be given "a license to use certain Fox intellectual properties" and that non-Fox intellectual property would make up the rest of the attractions in the park. The outdoor park would also no longer be referred to as 20th Century Fox World, but instead would be named Genting SkyWorlds.[118][119] Adaptations While Disney Parks generally adapt movies into rides, some Disney theme park attractions have been adapted into or have served inspiration for films,[120] books,[121] comic books,[122] and television pilots. Disney entered the television field with a network TV show named after Disneyland (which was then its only park, and was being built at the time), in order to fund the park. In this series, some episodes featured the park or a park attraction.[123] The Walt Disney Company pioneered and is the only film company and theme park company to have converted theme park attractions to film productions. However, lackluster results were achieved for most of these films except for the Pirates of the Caribbean series.[124] Walt Disney Pictures produced two Pirates of the Caribbean sequels in 2006 and 2011 that made over a billion-dollar at the box office.[125] At first, Disney had merely dabbled with this type of film. Disney Telefilms made the first movie-based-on-ride, Tower of Terror, for the Wonderful World of Disney anthology television series in 1997.[126] In 2000, Touchstone Pictures made Mission to Mars based on the closed ride of the same name.[124][127] Walt Disney Pictures took the Country Bear Jamboree attraction and made it into The Country Bears in 2002. In 2003, Walt Disney Pictures issued two ride-based films in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl and The Haunted Mansion. Pirates of the Caribbean launched a film series and a franchise.[124] After four Pirates sequels, the franchise took in more than $5.4 billion worldwide.[128] Disney Publishing Worldwide started mining Disney Parks with its The Kingdom Keepers series. The first novel of the series, Disney after Dark, was released in 2005.[121] A five-book series was laid out by Pearson, but was extended to seven with the first book's success.[129] With the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise as Disney Pictures' top franchise,[125] the company had been looking for additional projects in this category for a decade.[130] Disney Pictures took another push at additional adaptations in the 2010s.[130] By November 2010, Jon Favreau had been tapped to develop the Magic Kingdom park into a "Night at the Museum" like film, with Strike Entertainment signed on to produce it[131] after a script by Ronald D. Moore was turned down.[132] Another Haunted Mansion film was in the works with Guillermo del Toro as of August 2012.[130] Mr. Toad's Wild Ride ride film was in the works at Disney Pictures by January 2013.[133] Tomorrowland, first to be loosely based on a theme park area,[134] was announced in January 2013 for a December 2014 release.[130] Also in 2013, American Broadcasting Company had ordered a pilot based on Big Thunder Mountain Railroad.[135] It's A Small World was added to the list of known projects in April 2014.[136] Tower of Terror was given a theatrical treatment by John August under producer Jim Whitaker in October 2015, while the long-in-production Jungle Cruise gained an actor.[135] Marvel Worldwide with Disney announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first comic book title under their joint Disney Kingdoms imprint.[122] Running for six miniseries, Disney Kingdoms would feature adaptations of the unbuilt Museum of the Weird, two serials about Figment and Dreamfinder from Epcot's Journey into Imagination, Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, the Haunted Mansion, and Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room. Disney Publishing Worldwide's revived Disney Comics imprint[137] first publication was the Space Mountain graphic novel released on May 7, 2014 and based on the same name park attraction.[138] On March 31, 2015, the first novel in The Kingdom Keepers sequel trilogy series was released.[139] In May 2017, Freeform cable channel aired a special documentary, Disney's Fairy Tale Weddings, based on the services provided by Disney Parks and Resorts unit, Disney's Fairy Tale Weddings & Honeymoons. With success of the May special, the show was picked up as a series with seven episodes in October 2017.[140] However, another special, Holiday Magic, was aired on December 11, 2017 with the now six episode regular series starting on June 11, 2018.[141][142] Other ventures Disney Signature Experiences Disney Signature Experiences division, formerly called Disney Cruise Line & New Vacation Operations, holds newer non-theme park travel units under president Thomas Mazloum.[95] In February 2009, Tom McAlpin left the Disney Cruise Line presidency and was replaced by Karl Holz as president of both Disney Cruise Line and New Vacation Operations. New Vacation Operations included the Adventures by Disney.[143] The cruise line ordered three ships of a new class of ship, Triton, in 2016 and 2017.[144] In April 2017, it was announced that Karl Holz would retire as president of Disney Cruise Line on February 15, 2018 and Anthony Connelly would assumed the role of president on October 1, 2017.[145] Soon after a March 2018 conglomerate wide reorganization that formed Disney Parks, Experiences and Products segment division, Disney Cruise Line and New Vacation Operations was renamed Disney Signature Experiences along with a new president, Jeff Vahle.[84] Ken Potrock was promoted from Senior Vice President and General Manager of Disney Vacation Club to President of Consumer Products in May 2018.[146][147] Disney Cruise Line purchased in early March 2019 another Bahamas destination, Lighthouse Point property on the island of Eleuthera from the Bahamas Government.[86] With the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by August 2019, National Geographic Partners' National Geographic Expeditions moved into Disney Signature Experiences.[89] Disney Cruise Line was formed in 1995. Its fleet comprises four ships: Disney Magic (launched 1998), Disney Wonder (1999), Disney Dream (2011), and Disney Fantasy (2012).[42] Disney Cruise Line has ordered three new ships that will be completed in 2021, 2022 and 2023.[84] Each ship was designed and built-in collaboration with Walt Disney Imagineering. Disney Cruise Line serves the Caribbean, Mexican Riviera, European, and Alaskan cruises market. Disney Vacation Club, a timeshare program that includes 14 themed hotels-resorts within Disneyland Resort and Walt Disney World Resort, plus Disney's Aulani Resort, Disney's Hilton Head Island Resort, and Disney's Vero Beach Resort. In December 2019, the 15th property, Disney's Riviera Resort, opened next to the Caribbean Beach Resort at Walt Disney World. A 16th resort, Reflections - A Disney Lakeside Lodge, is planned to open in 2022 just east of Disney's Wilderness Lodge on the former site of Disney's River Country water park. Adventures by Disney, a program of all-inclusive, guided vacation tour packages offered at predominantly non-Disney sites around the world.[84] National Geographic Expeditions Golden Oak Realty, Golden Oak at Walt Disney World Resort sales[84] Disney Sports Enterprises Disney Sports Enterprises Disney parks, experiences & products logo.svg Formerly Disney Sports Attractions Industry Sports Founder Reggie Williams.[148] Key people Rosalyn Durant (SVP, operations for Disney Springs, ESPN Wide World of Sports and Waterparks) Faron Kelley (vice president, sports) Services road race sports events Parent Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Divisions ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex runDisney Website disneysportsnews.com Disney Sports Enterprises, formerly called Disney Sports Attractions,[149] is the unit of Disney Parks, Experiences and Products for Disney's sports functions and is made up of the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex and the runDisney program.[150] DSE background Disney Golf facilities date back to the opening of Disney World with two golf courses, the Palm and Magnolia courses. At the time, those courses started hosting the Walt Disney World Open Invitational, an annual PGA Tour event.[151] In 1994, Disney held the Walt Disney World Marathon, its first road race added additional races later.[152] Disneyland Marathon and 5K were run in 1995 three weeks after the LA Marathon on March 26, 1995.[153] In 1995, Disney World had IMS Events, Inc. build the Walt Disney World Speedway.[154] Disney's Wide World of Sports opened in 1997 under executive Reggie Williams.[148] DSE history By 1998, Williams was named vice president of Disney Sports Attractions, overseeing a newly created sports & recreation division.[155] The first 10K Disney Classic race on October 3, 1999, kicked off Disney World's 15-month Millennium Celebration.[156] On March 30, 2003, Sports Attractions held the first Disney Inline Marathon.[157] On November 21, 2007, Reggie Williams retired as vice president of Disney Sports Attractions.[148] His replacement was named on January 3, 2008, when Ken Potrock was promoted to Senior Vice President, Disney Sports Enterprises.[149] On February 25, 2010, Disney's Wide World of Sports was renamed ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex with some upgrades and new facilities.[158] On September 25, 2011, Disney started the lease of its five Disney World golf courses (Palm, Magnolia, Lake Buena Vista, Osprey Ridge, and Oak Trail) to Arnold Palmer Golf Management to operate for 20 years while splitting the revenue. As part of the deal, Arnold Palmer would redesign the Palm course. The Orlando market for golf had a glut of course from the building boom then bust making profitability a challenge for any golf course. Disney hoped that Palmer's involvement and "Palmer Advantage" membership club would draw more attention to Disney's course. With the Osprey Ridge course sold to Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts to build a hotel, which was delayed until 2014, the golf management company would run the course until hotel construction begins. While another golf course, the Eagle Pines, was closed several years ago to make way for a residential housing subdivision development called Golden Oak being built in 2011.[151] In January 2013, Ken Petrock was promoted to Disney Vacation Club and Adventures by Disney senior vice president & general manager while Tom Wolber, Disney Cruise Line senior vice president of operations, was promoted to replace Petrock at Disney Sports.[150] In late June 2015, the Walt Disney World Speedway was shut down.[154] Sports marketing director Faron Kelley was promoted to vice president of sports in January 2016 and has responsibility for the water parks too.[159] Senior vice president of Disney Springs and the ESPN Wide World of Sports Maribeth Bisienere was promoted to Senior Vice President of Parks in early March 2018.[160] Rosalyn Durant moved over from ESPN to be appointed in February 2020 as senior vice president of operations for Disney Springs, ESPN Wide World of Sports and Waterparks.[161] On September 30, 2020, it was revealed that this unit of Disney was laying off 28,000 people in the United States.[9] runDisney races[162][163] Race weekend month location Inaugurated Disney World Marathon January Disney World 1994[152] Princess Half-Marathon February 2009[164] Star Wars Half Marathon â The Dark Side April 2016[164] Wine & Dine Half-Marathon November Tinker Bell Half-Marathon May Disneyland Disneyland Half-Marathon September (Labor Day weekend) Avengers Super Heroes Half Marathon November 2014[152] Star Wars Half Marathon â The Light Side January 2015[152] Disneyland Paris Half Marathon September Disneyland Paris 2016[152] See also Fox Global Brands and Experiences, Disney's other largest cinematic competitor's equivalent branch of their company. 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Smith, Dave; Clark, Steven (2002). Disney â The First 100 Years (updated ed.). p. 103. Cooper, M; Friedman, D (May 28, 1990). "Empire of the Sun". U.S. News & World Report. p. 47. Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997. Hearst Business Publishing. 1996. p. 15. Smith, Dave (1996). Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia. p. 103, 191,397. Smith, Dave (1996). Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia. p. 209. From Polsson, Ken, "Chronology of Walt Disney World (1972â1982)", Chronology of the Walt Disney Company, retrieved September 24, 2015: Smith, Dave (1996). Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia. Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1998. Disney Magazine, Summer 1999. Page 85. Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997, by Hearst Business Publishing, 1996. Walt Disney World, by The Walt Disney Company, 1994?. The New York Times, June 4, 1980 Archived September 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Page D1. Forbes, March 6, 1989 Archived September 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Volume 143. Page 42. Walt Disney â Hollywood's Dark Prince, by Marc Eliot, 1993. From Polsson, Ken, "Chronology of Walt Disney World (1983â1989)", Chronology of the Walt Disney Company, retrieved September 24, 2015: Canadian Coin News, October 27, 1987, Volume 25, Number 13. Page 1. Building a Dream â The Art of Disney Architecture, by Beth Dunlop, 1996. Pages 63,66. The New York Times, January 28, 1988. Page C1. Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1996. Page 387. Prince of the Magic Kingdom, by Joe Flower, 1991. Walt Disney World â 20 Magical Years, by the Walt Disney Company, 1991/2?. Page D5. The New York Times, May 1, 1989, Volume 138, Number 47857. Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997, by Hearst Business Publishing, 1996. Page 18. Orlando Attractions, Summer 2009. Page 33. Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1996. Page 132. Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1996. Page 324. The Disney Magazine, Fall 1995, Volume 30, Number 4. Page 43. From Polsson, Ken, "Chronology of Walt Disney World (1990â1994)", Chronology of the Walt Disney Company, retrieved September 24, 2015: The New York Times, January 16, 1990. Page D8. Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1996. Disney Magazine, Summer 2001. Page 39. The Disney Magazine, Spring 1996, Volume 31, Number 2. Page 18. Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1998. Page 584. From Polsson, Ken, "Chronology of Walt Disney World (1995-end)", Chronology of the Walt Disney Company, retrieved September 24, 2015: Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997, by Hearst Business Publishing, 1996. Page 192. Building a Dream â The Art of Disney Architecture, by Beth Dunlop, 1996. Page 192. Walt Disney World Speedway Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith, 1998. Page 597. Birnbaum's Walt Disney World 1997, by Hearst Business Publishing, 1996. Page 181. Boardwalk Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Page 62. (1996). Disney A to Z â The Official Encyclopedia, by Dave Smith. Smith, Dave. World of Disney Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Page 62. (1999). Disney A to Z â The Updated Official Encyclopedia. Disney Magazine, Spring 1998. Page 31. External links Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Disney. 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đ The Global Network đWalt Disney Studios (Burbank) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search The lead section of this article may need to be rewritten. The reason given is: Mucho tourism, no history Use the lead layout guide to ensure the section follows Wikipedia's norms and is inclusive of all essential details. (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios Alameda Entrance.jpg Main entrance to The Walt Disney Studios Location Burbank, California, United States Address 500 South Buena Vista Street Coordinates Coordinates: 34°09âČ25âłN 118°19âČ30âłW Opening date February 23, 1940; 81 years ago Developer Walt Disney Roy O. Disney Manager Disney Studio Services (production) Disney Worldwide Services Owner Disney Worldwide Services (The Walt Disney Company) Size 51 acres (21 ha) Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata The Walt Disney Studios, located in Burbank, California, United States, serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company media conglomerate. The 51-acre (20.6 ha) studio lot also contains several sound stages, a backlot, and other filmmaking production facilities for Walt Disney Studios's motion picture production. The complex also houses the offices for the company's many divisions, with the exception of the 20th Century Studios (formerly 20th Century Fox), which remains on its namesake lot in Century City. Walt Disney used the earnings from the successful release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to finance the construction of the Burbank studio. Disney is the only major film studio out of the Big Five that does not currently offer regular tours of their studio lot to the general public.[1] Since the mid-2000s, Adventures by Disney has offered tours of the studio, but only as an integral component of their Southern California tour package.[1] The other way to tour the studio is to join the official Disney D23 fan club, which offers tours to members every few months.[1] The studio used to open to the public once a year in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving for its annual Magical Holiday Faire craft sale, but stopped hosting the Faire around 2003. As an aid to visitors, many buildings on the Disney lot are currently marked with identifying signs that include historical information and trivia about each site. The Studio's production services are managed by Walt Disney Studios's Disney Studio Services unit â along with Golden Oak Ranch, The Prospect Studios, and KABC-7 Studio B.[2] Disney has a secondary location at Grand Central Creative Campus, where Walt Disney Imagineering and some other units are located. Disney Imagineering manages the studio.[3] Contents 1 Background 2 History 3 Facilities 3.1 Team Disney â The Michael D. Eisner Building 3.2 Disney Legends Plaza 3.3 Frank G. Wells Building 3.4 Animation Building 3.5 Water Tower 3.6 The Roy O. Disney Building 3.7 The Annette Funicello Stage, Stage 1 3.8 The Julie Andrews Stage, Stage 2 3.9 Stage 3 3.10 Stages 4 and 5 3.11 Stages 6 and 7 3.12 The Hyperion Bungalow 3.13 Main Theater 3.14 Ink and Paint Building 3.15 Camera Building 3.16 Cutting Building 3.17 Shorts Building 3.18 The Roy E. Disney Animation Building 3.19 ABC Studios Building 3.20 Digital Studio Center 3.21 Original Commissary 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Background The Walt Disney Studios in an aerial photo from 1999 Prior to the official opening of the Burbank lot in 1940, the Walt Disney Studios was situated at several different locations in Los Angeles. During summer 1923, Walt Disney created "The Disney Bros. Cartoon Studio" in his uncle Robert Disney's garage, which was located at 4406 Kingswell Avenue, in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles (just east of Hollywood). This garage has been on display at the Stanley Ranch Museum in Garden Grove since the 1980s, several blocks away from Disneyland.[4] His brother Roy O. Disney was also in Los Angeles at the time. During October 1923, the brothers leased office space on the rear side of a real estate agency's office at 4651 Kingswell Avenue. On October 16, 1923, Walt Disney accepted an offer from Margaret Winkler of Universal Studios to distribute the new Alice Comedies starring Virginia Davis. It was also at this site where on January 14, 1924, Walt Disney met his future wife Lillian Bounds, an "ink and paint" girl whom he personally hired. In February 1924, the studio moved next door to an office of its own at 4649 Kingswell Avenue. The late Robert Disney's residence and the small office building that is home to 4649 and 4651 Kingswell Avenue have survived to the present and are still in use. In 1925, Walt Disney placed a deposit on a new, considerably larger lot at 2719 Hyperion Avenue, and the studio moved there in January 1926. It was here where, after a train journey with his wife Lillian, Walt created the character of Mickey Mouse in 1928. Here, too, the first three-strip Technicolor animated film, the Silly Symphony Flowers and Trees, and the first animated cartoon using Disney's multiplane camera, The Old Mill, were created. In 1937, the Hyperion studio produced Disney's first full-length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Disney's staff began to grow to a substantial size at the Hyperion studio, and Disney Legends such as Disney's Nine Old Men began their careers there. The Hyperion studio site was sold in 1940 and divided between two different industrial manufacturers, and in 1966 a subsequent owner demolished what was left of the studio complex and replaced it with the supermarket and shopping center that stand there today. To honor the company's former headquarters from 1926 to 1940, the name 'Hyperion' has been reused over the years by the Walt Disney Company for multiple divisions and attractions, including Hyperion Books and the Hyperion Theater at Disney California Adventure Park. History The original entrance gate to Walt Disney Studios at 500 South Buena Vista Street in Burbank, California. The current Walt Disney Studios, located at 500 South Buena Vista Street, Burbank, was made possible by the revenue from the 1937 release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[5] Walt Disney and his staff began the move from the old studio at Hyperion Avenue in Silver Lake from December 1939 to January 1940. Designed primarily by Kem Weber under the supervision of Walt Disney and his brother Roy, the Burbank Disney Studio buildings are the only studios that have been owned by The Walt Disney Company to survive from the Golden Age of filming.[citation needed] A bungalow, the Shorts building and other small buildings that were located at the Hyperion Avenue location were moved to Burbank.[1] Disney purposely planned his new Burbank studio around the animation process. The large Animation Building stood in the center of the campus, while adjacent outlying buildings were constructed for the ink-and-paint departments, the camera and editing departments, and the other various functions of the studio. Tunnels linked some of the buildings (to allow movement of animation materials without exposing them to the outside elements), and the lot also included a movie theatre, a sound stage, and a commissary. The 1941 Disney feature The Reluctant Dragon, which combined live action with animated sequences and starred Robert Benchley, served as a tour of the then-new studio. It was later frequently seen and toured on the various Disney television programs. The attack on Pearl Harbor by Imperial Japan on December 7, 1941 brought America into World War II. 500 United States Army soldiers of the 121st Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) Gun Battalion occupied Walt Disney Studios the day after the attack for eight months in the period of the West Coast invasion scare, earning Disney as the only Hollywood studio to come under military occupation in history.[6] During the war, Disney regularly produced propaganda and training films for the U.S. government including its armed forces to increase morale among Americans that the fight against the Axis powers was waged for a just cause.[6] In the years after the war, the studio began regular work on live-action features, as they needed the money. Though their first films were shot in England, the necessity to build live-action facilities still arose. Lacking the capital to do it themselves, Jack Webb offered to put up some of the money to build live-action soundstages in exchange for the right to use them (Webb used them to shoot much of the Dragnet TV series). During this time, backlots for exterior shots were also built and remained standing at the studios until after a major change in management in 1984. In 1986, after the corporate restructuring of Walt Disney Productions into The Walt Disney Company, the studio lot was remodeled to accommodate more live-action production space and administrative offices. The studio lot is now home to multiple offices and administration buildings and seven soundstages. It is bounded by South Buena Vista Street on the west, West Alameda Street on the north, South Keystone Street on the east, and West Riverside Drive on the south. It sits in an area of Burbank where the street grid is offset at a diagonal, but most of the original buildings and roads within the campus itself were laid out in alignment with the cardinal directions. Disney chairman Michael Eisner had the Team Disney building constructed in 1990.[5] In 1992, Disney had gained city approval for its expansion master plan, which included the Riverside Building. The Riverside Building, located next to Feature Animation Building at 2300 Riverside Drive, opened in 2000 for ABC executives and employees.[7] In April 2013, Marvel Studios moved its offices from Manhattan Beach Studios Media Campus to the studio's[8] Frank G. Wells Building second floor.[9] Facilities Team Disney â The Michael D. Eisner Building The "Team Disney" building Formerly known as the Team Disney Burbank building, Team Disney â The Michael D. Eisner Building is the main building located at the Walt Disney Studios. Completed in 1990 and designed by Michael Graves, the Team Disney Burbank building contains the office of Executive Chairman Robert A. Iger, CEO Bob Chapek, as well as the boardroom for the board of directors. It also houses offices for members of Senior Management, such as Alan Horn, chairman of Walt Disney Studios and Kareem Daniel, chairman of Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution. Prior to the opening of the Team Disney Burbank building in 1990, Disney executives were located in the old Animation building and the Roy O. Disney Building; the animators had been forced to relocate in 1985 into a series of warehouses, trailers, and hangars in nearby Glendale. The Team Disney structure is sometimes called the "Seven Dwarfs Building". It has large sculpted caryatids of the Seven Dwarfs holding up the roof of the eastern façade, a homage to the animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which provided Walt Disney with the revenue to purchase the Burbank lot. Each statue is 19 feet (5.7 meters) tall, with the exception of the 2/3-sized Dopey at top.[5] The building is located opposite the Frank G. Wells building, named for Eisner's former colleague, and President of The Walt Disney Company from 1984 to 1994. In 1996 the building was featured in Hollywood Pictures film Spy Hard. On January 23, 2006, in honor of Michael Eisner's 21-year leadership of the company, the Team Disney building was rededicated as Team Disney â The Michael D. Eisner Building. Disney Legends Plaza Disney Legends Plaza, located between the Team Disney: The Michael D. Eisner building and the Frank G. Wells building, is the central hub for the Disney Legends award and pays homage to its recipients. Dedicated on October 18, 1998, the plaza features the Partners statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse, designed by Imagineer Blaine Gibson, along with a replica statue of Roy O. Disney and Minnie Mouse which can also be found at the Magic Kingdom park. Located on the pillars in the plaza are bronze plaques featuring receivers of the Disney Legends award. The plaques feature the recipient's name, reason for gaining the award, and the person's hand prints and signature if they were alive at the time they received the award. Most famously, Legendary Animator and Imagineer, Ward Kimball's plaque features an extra finger, a reminder of Kimball's sense of humor. If, however, the award was presented posthumously, an image of the Disney Legends statue is engraved instead of the traditional hand prints and signature. The plaza formerly featured a small fountain to honor the Legends, but that was since removed due to water leakage. Frank G. Wells Building The Frank G. Wells Building This building is dedicated to the former President of The Walt Disney Company from 1984 to 1994, Frank G. Wells. The building opened in 1998 and was dedicated by Wells's widow Luanne Wells, and company CEO Michael Eisner. The five-story building has a usable area of 240,518 square feet (22,344.9 m2) with three underground parking levels, accommodating 600 parking spaces. The construction was completed in two phases: phase I in August 1997 and phase II in July 1998. The Frank G. Wells building was specifically designed for Walt Disney Television Animation, and the division formerly had offices located on the third floor. The division has since moved to the Grand Central Creative Campus in nearby Glendale, California. It is distinctly recognizable through its giant movie reel and film strip on the building's exterior. The building is currently home to the Walt Disney Archives, studio mail center, Marvel Studios, the Disney Music Group, a screening room, various multipurpose rooms, and one of the three extant multiplane cameras (which is on display in the lobby). It was formerly home to Walt Disney Television, various management offices, and the human resources department. The Archives are located on the ground floor and are open to all cast members; they also have additional storage and restricted areas on other floors. The Studio's Starbucks Coffee shop is also located on the ground floor. Animation Building The original Animation Building The three-story former main building for Walt Disney Animation Studios was completed in 1940, based on a Streamline Moderne design by industrial designer and architect Kem Weber.[10] It is considered the jewel of the original studio buildings. Walt Disney personally supervised the eight-wing "double H" design, ensuring as many rooms as possible had windows, which allowed natural light into the building to help the animators while working. Many Disney animated features were drawn here, including Dumbo (1941), Bambi (1942), Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951), Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), The Jungle Book (1967), The Aristocats (1970), The Rescuers (1977), and The Fox and the Hound (1981). The animation for The Black Cauldron (1985) was the last to be completed at the site.[11] The Animation Building initially served as the creative and administrative nucleus for the entire studio. Walt's brother Roy O. Disney, who ran the company's financial operations, shared a wing with the accounting and legal departments on the first floor, which was where the animators, in-betweeners and clean-up artists worked. The D-Wing's ground floor was the longtime domain of Disney's Nine Old Men, and over the years other prominent animators and artists such as Bill Tytla, Fred Moore, Norm Ferguson, Preston Blair, Eyvind Earle, Tyrus Wong, Mary Blair, Andreas Deja, Floyd Norman, John Lasseter, Glen Keane, John Musker and Ron Clements worked in the building. On the second floor were office suites for the directors and studios for the background and layout artists. The story department was located on the third floor, along with offices and a rehearsal room for Disney's composers and arrangers.[12] Suite 3H, on the third floor of the Animation Building's H-Wing, was Walt's headquarters. The five-room space included his two adjacent offices: a "formal" corner office for signing contracts and meeting with important visitors, and a "working office" where he huddled with key staff to develop ideas for his films, television shows and theme parks. The latter had a kitchenette hidden behind wood paneling that retracted at the touch of a button, as Walt often ate lunch at his desk.[13] Also in the suite was his secretary's office, featuring displays of his numerous awards, and a lounge area where Walt would relax after 5:00 pm with a drink (Scotch Mist was his cocktail of choice) and a back massage from the studio nurse before going home.[14][15] Walt's suite was closed after his death in 1966 and not reused until 1970, after his personal items had been carefully archived. Over the years these items were used in museum exhibits recreating his offices, primarily at Disney resorts. In 2015, under the auspices of the Walt Disney Archives, Suite 3H was restored as closely as possible to the condition in which Walt left it, with many of the original furnishings and objects. Walt Disney Company CEO Bob Iger dedicated the restoration on December 7 of that year. In 2016 it was opened for viewing by studio employees, special guests, and gold members of the Disney fan club D23.[16][17][18] A little-known feature of the Animation Building was its private rooftop annex, The Penthouse Club, a perk for male employees who could afford its membership fees. It had a gymnasium run by a full-time athletic instructor, a bar, a barber shop, steam baths, massage tables, pool and poker tables, and an outdoor patio which members tended to use for nude sunbathing.[19] The entrance displayed a mural painted by animator Fred Moore depicting a bevy of nude or semi-nude women, surrounding a drunken single man bearing a certain resemblance to Moore himself.[20] By the early 1960s the gym activities had ceased and it became a casual lounge for studio veterans. The Penthouse space has been shuttered for years and the Fred Moore mural removed to an unknown location.[19] The basement housed the Test Camera Department, which shot test loops of animation drawings in progress. Animators and directors would view these loops on Moviola machines to check the work before submitting it to Ink and Paint.[21] A utility tunnel linked the Animation Building with the neighboring Ink and Paint Building and the Camera and Cutting departments. It was built to ensure that the original animation drawings and painted cels could be safely transported from one location to another without being exposed to bad weather or other outside elements.[22][23] The tunnel is still maintained and a length of it is open to D23 tours. A popular point of interest for studio visitors is "Pluto's Corner", outside the Animation Building's A-Wing at the southwestern end of the block. There one can see three paw prints embedded in the street, curbside beneath a fire hydrant. A hind paw print is missing, humorously suggesting that Pluto used the hydrant to mark his territory.[24] Nearby is the often-photographed signpost indicating the site's location at the corner of Mickey Avenue and Dopey Drive, with directions to various studio departments as they existed in Walt's era. (Today only the street names remain the same). According to longtime Disney archivist Dave Smith, the street sign â the only one of its kind on the Disney lot â was installed as a temporary prop for the "Studio Tour" segment of the Disney feature The Reluctant Dragon (1941) and never removed.[25][26] In 1985, during production of The Great Mouse Detective (released in 1986),[11] Disney's Animation Department was moved off the Burbank lot into a cluster of old hangars, warehouses, and trailers located about two miles east (3.2 km) in Glendale, at the former site of the Grand Central Airport. Prior to the opening of the Team Disney Burbank building in 1990, Disney executives used the Animation Building as corporate offices. In 1995, animation production moved back to Burbank across the street from the main studios with the opening of the Walt Disney Feature Animation Building. Today, the original Animation Building is used primarily to house offices for various film and television producers who have distribution deals with Disney. Its exterior was a primary location for the 2013 film Saving Mr. Banks, though the interiors (including Walt's offices) were recreated at an outside studio.[27] Water Tower Walt Disney Studios Water Tower Completed in 1939 at a cost of $300,000, the Water Tower was one of the first structures to emerge at the new Disney studio.[12] It stands 135.6 feet (41.3 meters) high and originally held 150,000 gallons of water.[28] Towers such as these provided an emergency water supply in case of fire and were a standard feature of major Hollywood studios of the era, examples of which can still be seen at the Warner Bros., Paramount and Sony Pictures Studios (formerly MGM) lots. Roy Disney, however, insisted that the Disney Studio's water tower be built with six legs instead of the usual four, claiming it was more aesthetically pleasing.[28] The tower is no longer used for water storage and stands as an identifying symbol of Disney's Burbank studio. In 1984 the top portion of the holding tank was painted white and, for the first time, emblazoned with the image of Mickey Mouse, the official mascot of the Walt Disney Company.[28] It was the model for the Earffel Tower which stood at Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park near Orlando, Florida from 1989 to 2016, and the replica at Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris (2002 to the present),[29] though the original has never been decorated with Mickey Mouse ears on top. The Roy O. Disney Building The Roy O. Disney Building The Roy O. Disney building is located next to the animation building and held the office of Roy O. Disney to whom the building is dedicated. The building used to be the main administration building on the studio lot prior to the opening of the Team Disney â The Michael D. Eisner building. Today, it is home to Disney's legal department. The Annette Funicello Stage, Stage 1 Stage 1 was completed between 1939 and 1940 and is the original Disney soundstage on the Burbank lot. The soundstage was designed to replace a smaller stage at the former Hyperion Avenue Studio. Although Walt Disney Studios predominantly made animated films, the soundstage was built in order to film Leopold Stokowski's segments in the 1940 film Fantasia. During World War II, the stage was used for repairing army vehicles. The soundstage was formerly dedicated to Fantasia, for it being the first motion picture that was filmed in the building. The stage is the smallest on the lot at 11,000 sq ft. It features a 2400 sq ft underwater tank and is still in active use. On June 24, 2013, it was dedicated to Mousketeer Annette Funicello as it was the original shooting stage for The Mickey Mouse Club.[30] The Julie Andrews Stage, Stage 2 Constructed from 1947 and opening in April 1949, Stage 2 is the second oldest soundstage on the Walt Disney Studios lot, and at 31,000 feet (9,400 m), one of the largest in Los Angeles. It was built and financed between a joint agreement between Walt Disney and director Jack Webb, who used the stage for the filming of the television series Dragnet. In October 1955, Stage 2 began production on the first series of The Mickey Mouse Club. From 1954 to 1955 and prior to the opening of the facilities at Glendale California, WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering) occupied soundstage 2 to build multiple attractions for Disneyland, including the Mark Twain Riverboat. Since then Stage 2 has been used for filming of multiple attractions for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. During the filming of Armageddon the filmmakers discovered the 40 feet high tall stage was not tall enough to hold one of the "asteroid" seen in the film. The floor was removed and an additional 20 feet was dug down to accommodate the 360-degree set for the scene. In 2001, soundstage 2 was dedicated to English actress Julie Andrews, because parts of Mary Poppins and parts of the then-current filming of The Princess Diaries took place inside this particular soundstage. Stage 3 Stage 3 was completed in 1953 and designed especially for the film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. The stage is 19,000 sq ft and contains an operational 3600 sq ft water tank that is divided into two parts for underwater and special effects filming. The tank area was also used heavily beginning in the 1960s as Disney pioneered the use of the sodium screen process. In the 1970s stage 3 was equipped with the first computerized motion control system. The ACES (Animated Camera Effects System) was designed by Disney engineers and broke new ground with technology which has become one of the foundations of current special effects photography. Stages 4 and 5 Stage 4, which was completed in 1958, was first used for Darby O'Gill and the Little People. Upon completing 30 years of service in 1998, Stage 4 was divided into two new television studios, creating the new Stage 4 and Stage 5. Stage 4 is known as the "Home Improvement stage", as that series was filmed here from 1991 to 1999. Stage 4 is currently inhabited by Black-ish. Stages 6 and 7 Stages 6 and 7, built in 1997 are the newest soundstages at the Walt Disney Studios. These audience-rated stages provide comprehensive production support with computer-controlled access, high-volume air-conditioning, and adjoining production support building. They are built on the former back-lot and are located behind the Frank G. Wells Building. Both stages are 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) each and are in frequent use at the studios. Popular productions here have included, My Wife and Kids, The Muppets, 8 Simple Rules For Dating My Teenage Daughter, The Geena Davis Show, and Brothers and Sisters. The Hyperion Bungalow The Bungalow was built in 1935 as the original home of the Disney Publicity and Comic Strip Departments. It was constructed at the Disney Studios on Hyperion Avenue in Hollywood and moved to the Burbank location as part of the construction process in 1939â1940. At the Disney Burbank lot, the building housed many support services over the years. Payroll, Publicity Support, Traffic and finally the Post Office were located in the building. The structure is the last remaining example of the "California Bungalow" type architecture that remains from the Hyperion studio facility. Its attractive style and utility, dating back to the early years of the company, give it a special place in the history of the Disney lot. Main Theater The 419-seat Theater,[31] another original building on the Burbank lot, shows first-run Disney films for studio employees and guests. It has plush stadium seating and has been upgraded over the years to keep pace with new technology in the exhibition of films. Food and drink are not allowed inside. Throughout its history, the theater has also been used for post-production sound mixing. According to the Disney production services website, "The Main Theater is a state-of-the-art digital sound dubbing and screening facility that was first used to mix the sound for Fantasia [in 1940]. Sound mixers blend dialogue, music, and sound effects tracks to the various levels appropriate for a movie theater. The acoustics are designed to simulate a theater that is three-quarters full. Although the theater is empty during the mixing session, extra padding in the seats and specially designed walls absorb and reflect the sound. This helps the sound mixers to know what the final product will sound like when it is released to the public."[32] The signage above the entrance says simply "Theatre". The name "Main Theater" is used to distinguish the venue from several smaller screening rooms situated throughout the studio. In Walt's era these were called "sweatboxes", where animation test reels and the daily rushes of his live-action features were shown for his approval.[33][34] Ink and Paint Building The 1940 Ink and Paint Building was where animators' drawings were inked onto transparent cels and then the cels were painted. It was built with high ceilings and a sophisticated central ventilation system so that the staff members would not be overcome by toxic paint fumes. One section was used as a special paint-mixing laboratory to provide Disney cartoons with the widest possible spectrum of colors. Three interior courtyards provided northern light for the artists and also served as outdoor break areas. It was a self-contained structure with its own cafeteria, lounge, and rooftop sundeck.[35] The sequestered layout reflected workplace attitudes of the era. As was common in the American animation industry of Disney's day, the Ink and Paint departments were staffed exclusively by women. In the early 1940s Disney employed over 100 "ink and paint girls" at a starting salary of $18 a week, as opposed to $300 a week for experienced animators. A Disney employment brochure of the time stated: "Women do not do any of the creative work in connection with preparing the cartoons for the screen, as that work is performed entirely by young men...The only work open to women consists of tracing the characters on clear celluloid sheets with India ink and filling in the tracings on the reverse side with paint according to directions."[36] Men and women at the Disney studio were not encouraged to fraternize, and the cloistered atmosphere of the Ink and Paint Building led wags on the lot to call it "The Nunnery."[36][37] The basement of the Ink and Paint Building was the location of Disney's famous "Morgue",[38] where artwork from the studio's films was stored for possible future use.[39] In a 1957 episode of his Disneyland TV series, Walt took viewers into the Morgue and, after some ghoulish fun on the room's name, explained its real function.[40] In 1989 this archival material was moved to its current location at the Disney Animation Research Library in Glendale, California.[41] Technological advances in animation, such as the advent of Xerography in the early 1960s and the development of CAPS in the late 1980s, ultimately made traditional ink and paint techniques obsolete at the Disney studio. The last Disney animated feature to employ inked and painted cels was The Little Mermaid (1989).[42] Today the Ink and Paint Building is primarily used for office space, though its original paint-mixing lab has been preserved and is used for the creation of limited edition Disney artwork created on-site.[43][44] Camera Building The Camera Building, built in 1940, was where animation backgrounds and cels were traditionally photographed onto film. Unique original features were the "de-dusting chambers" that personnel, painted cels and other materials had to pass through before entering, so no trace of dust or lint would show up in the photography.[45] In 1941 it housed two multiplane cameras, each standing 12 feet (3.6 meters) high and occupying its own room, and two conventional camera set-ups.[45] A third multiplane camera was subsequently constructed. Since 1990 the Camera Building has been occupied by what is now Buena Vista Imaging, which provides photo-optical and digital imaging services for films and television.[46] Cutting Building Another original site on the Burbank lot, it is the longtime home of Disney's editing facilities. The building's name derives from the traditional method of physically cutting and splicing films shot on nitrate and (after 1952) safety stock. Today it employs video editing techniques. Shorts Building A 1937 image of Walt Disney (with figurines of the Seven Dwarfs) in his office at the former Hyperion studio. The office later became part of the Shorts Building on the Burbank lot The two-story Shorts Building is one of the most significant remnants of Disney's former Hyperion studio. It originally consisted of two buildings, constructed in 1934 and 1937, to accommodate the company's rapidly expanding animation department. The 1934 structure was called the "Animation Building No. 2" and Walt and Roy Disney had their offices there prior to the move to Burbank.[12][47] The animation for scores of Disney shorts of the 1930s, including The Band Concert (1935) and the Oscar-winning The Old Mill (1937), was created in this complex, and it was here that Walt hatched his risky idea for America's first full-length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). In 1939 the two buildings were disassembled, transported to Disney's new Burbank lot, and reconstructed as a single T-shaped edifice, with the addition of a loading dock. (The window of Walt's old second-floor office can be seen directly above the dock).[28] The colloquial name "Shorts Building" was apparently a nod to its historical past, as no further animation would be done on the premises. Since its relocation the building has served the studio in support capacities, housing the publicity, comic strip, foreign relations, hair and makeup, and wardrobe fitting departments. The lot's Studio Operations department is now located here.[28] The Roy E. Disney Animation Building Roy E. Disney Animation Building Formerly known as the Walt Disney Feature Animation Building, the Roy E. Disney building is the current home of Walt Disney Animation Studios, which sits to the south across Riverside Drive. It was designed by the firm Robert A.M. Stern Architects.[48] Construction was completed in 1994. As noted above, in 1985, Disney Animation was moved out of the studio lot and into a cluster of old buildings in Glendale. During Michael Eisner's 1986 restructuring of The Walt Disney Company, the studio's animation division was spun off to officially create Walt Disney Feature Animation as a separate subsidiary of the company, and in 1995 it came back to Burbank when its new home opened. The new studio is a colorful architectural landmark, adorned by a 122-foot-tall version of the Fantasia Sorcerer's hat,[49] which once housed the office of Roy Disney, former head of Walt Disney Animation Studios. It also displays the word "ANIMATION" on giant letters on its south side to passersby on the Ventura Freeway. In 2009, following the death of Roy Disney, the building was renamed and rededicated in his honor by Disney president and CEO, Bob Iger. ABC Studios Building The ABC Studios building on the Walt Disney Studios Riverside Drive property in Burbank, California. The blue pedestrian overpass seen in the lower left connects it to the larger Buena Vista lot. After Disney's purchase of ABC in 1996, a new headquarters for the television network was constructed across Riverside Drive next to the Walt Disney Feature Animation Building. The ABC building was designed by Aldo Rossi and is connected to the lot by a blue serpentine bridge that crosses over Riverside Drive. The ABC building also houses the offices of other subsidiaries such as ABC Studios and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Digital Studio Center A two-story 17,000 square foot facility dedicated to post-production utilities and other, similar technical services. Opened in December 2012, the center is the home of Disney Digital Studio Services.[50] Original Commissary This private cafeteria and grill opened in 1940 as Walt Disney's Studio Restaurant, and is now named the Buena Vista CafĂ©. Along with Stage 1, the Cutting Building, and the Main Theater, it is one of the few original buildings on the Burbank lot still serving its initial purpose. The commissary offers breakfast and lunch options for studio employees and guests, with indoor and outdoor seating. It once had an executive dining area called the Coral Room where Walt Disney occasionally lunched. The site was extensively remodeled in 2011, but Walt's favorite dish, chili served with crackers,[51] remains on the menu. Buena Vista CafĂ© is currently open Monday through Friday from 7:00 AM to 4:00 PM. The grill shuts down at 2:30 PM; pre-packaged foods, snacks and beverages can be purchased until closing time. There is a newer commissary at the ABC Studios Building, across from the main Disney lot on Riverside Drive in Burbank. See also photo Los Angeles portal A Trip Through the Walt Disney Studios References Levine, Arthur (September 25, 2017). "Walt Disney Studios: Take a tour of the working lot". USA Today. Retrieved May 22, 2019. "Disney Studios Services". go.com. Disney. Retrieved May 23, 2012. Blankstein, Andrew (March 14, 2000). "Disney Reveals Plans for $2-Billion Glendale Project". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. "Imagineering also manages Disney's global real estate portfolio, which includes ... Disney's Burbank Studios, ... "The Garden Grove Historical Society". City of Garden Grove. Retrieved August 7, 2015. "Walt Disney Studios". Los Angeles Conservancy. Retrieved October 6, 2017. Moseley, Doobie (December 7, 2015). "Pearl Harbor Changed Everything, Even the Disney Studio". Laughing Place. Hamm, Jennifer; Oliande, Sylvia L. (May 18, 2000). "Disney's Newest Showplace Taking Shape". Daily News. Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved October 6, 2017 â via Free Online Library. Patten, Dominic (September 19, 2012). "Marvel Studios Heading To Disney's Backyard". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2012. Sciretta, Peter (April 18, 2017). "A Tour of the Marvel Studios Offices". /Film. Retrieved May 18, 2019. Sampson, Wade (May 9, 2007). "The Studio that Walt Built". Mouse Planet. Korbis, Jim (February 23, 2011). "How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part One". Mouse Planet. Korbis, Jim (January 14, 2015). "Walt Disney's Hollywood Studios". Mouse Planet. Avey, Tori (July 15, 2015). "Walt Disney's Family Recipe for Cold Lemon Pie". PBS. Retrieved August 21, 2016. Korkis, Jim (April 27, 2011). "Forgotten Disney Heroines: The Disney Secretaries". The Walt Disney Family Museum. Garland, Chad (December 24, 2015). "Walt Disney's Burbank office suite restored to historic glory". Los Angeles Times. The Burbank Leader. Rainey, James (December 7, 2015). "Bob Iger Opens Restored Offices Where Walt Disney Once Worked". Variety. "D23 Studio Tours: Now Visit Walt Disney's Office Suite". D23. April 11, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016. Paige, Rachel (January 7, 2016). "Walt Disney's beautifully restored office is a look into the past". Hello Giggles. Retrieved August 19, 2016. Todd James Pierce (March 18, 2014). "The Penthouse Club at the Disney Studio". Pierce, "The Penthouse Club at the Disney Studio", linked above, with illustration. W. E. Garity and J. L. Ledeen, "The New Walt Disney Studio", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, Volume 36, Issue 1, January 1941, p. 12. Full text available at archive.org/stream/journalofsociety36socirich/journalofsociety36socirich_djvu.txt Neal Gabler: "Walt Disney: The triumph of the American Imagination," Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2006, p. 288. Mannheim, Steve (2016). Walt Disney and the Quest for Community. Routledge. ISBN 9781317000570. Sparks, Daisy (February 10, 2015). "My Visit to the Walt Disney Studios (Part 2)". Disneydaze.com. Smith, Thomas (September 20, 2010). "Where at Disney Parks Can You FindâŠ". Disney Parks Blog. Sparks, "My Visit to the Walt Disney Studios (Part 2)", Disneydaze.com, linked above with illustrations. Stern, Kevin (December 24, 2013). "The Filming Locations of Disney's Saving Mr. Banks". BeyondtheMarquee.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016. Johnson, Nancy (March 15, 2010). "A Tour of the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, CA". DIS Unplugged. Bevil, Dewayne (April 29, 2016). "Disney: Earffel Tower removed at Hollywood Studios". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 18, 2016. "DEDICATING THE ANNETTE FUNICELLO STAGE". The Walt Disney Company. Disney Insider. Retrieved June 25, 2013. "Main Theater". Disney Digital Studio Services. "The Walt Disney Studios - History". Disney Studio Services. Leonard Maltin, "Of Mice and Magic", Plume, Revised & Updated edition, 1987, pp. 55 and 58. The colloquialism "Sweatbox" was carried over from the screening room at Disney's former Hyperion studio. See Maltin, "Of Mice and Magic" (1987), p. 55. Garity and Ledeen, "The New Walt Disney Studio", p. 16. Mary Beth Culler (April 6, 2012). "Look Closer: Women in the Disney Ink and Paint Department". The Walt Disney Family Museum. Walt Disney met his wife Lillian when he hired her as an ink & paint girl in 1924. In Disney's time "morgue" was also a journalistic term for a repository of old newspaper copy that could be referenced in the future, and it was in this spirit that he named his archives. See Keith Mahne, "The Story of Walt Disney's Morgue", Disney Avenue, June 28, 2015, retrieved 08â18â16 at www.disneyavenue.com/2015/06/the-story-of-disneys-morgue.html Winslow, Jonathan; Pimentel, Joseph (December 5, 2015). "Long-lost artwork discovered from Walt Disney project with Salvador Dali, 'Destino'". The Orange County Register. Mahne, "The Story of Walt Disney's Morgue", Disney Avenue, June 28, 2015, linked above. Sarto, Dan (March 4, 2011). "Oscar Tour LA Photo Gallery: Disney Animation Research Library (ARL)". Animation World Network. Retrieved August 18, 2016. Kristen McCormick and Michael R. Schilling (Spring 2014). "Animation Cels: Preserving a Portion of Cinematic History". The Getty Conservation Institute. Retrieved September 8, 2016. Arthur Levine, "Walt Disney Studios: Take a Tour of the Working Lot", USA Today, September 25, 2017. At www.usatoday.com/story/travel/experience/america/2017/09/25/walt-disney-studios-tour/694032001/ Caryn Bailey, "The Ink & Paint Department at Walt Disney Animation Studios: Preserving an Art Form", Rockin Mama, February 2, 2016. At rockinmama.net/the-ink-and-paint-department-at-walt-disney-animation-studios/ Garity and Ledeen, "The New Walt Disney Studio", p. 18. "The Walt Disney Studios - History: Imaging". Disney Studio Services. Bariscale, Floyd B. (July 19, 2008). "Site of First Official Walt Disney Studio and Animation School". Big Orange Landmarks. Retrieved August 18, 2016. Gardner, Chris (November 22, 2014). "Roy E. Disney Animation Building Getting a Makeover". The Hollywood Reporter. disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2011/03/where-at-disney-parks-can-you-find-29/ Tipton, Janelle. "Digital Studio Center Debuts at The Walt Disney Studios". The Walt Disney Company. The Disney Post. Retrieved February 14, 2013. Korkis, Jim (August 31, 2011). "Eating Like Walt Disney". Mouse Planet. Retrieved August 21, 2016. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Walt Disney Studios (Burbank). Walt Disney Studios Website Walt Disney Studios Website (Go.com) A look at the history of Walt Disney studios Burbank back lot as used for Follow Me Boys! and other films. vte The Walt Disney Company vte The Walt Disney Studios vte Burbank, California Authority control Edit this at Wikidata LCCN: n93049254VIAF: 139704338WorldCat Identities: lccn-n93049254 Categories: American film studiosBacklot setsDisney production studiosMass media company headquarters in the United StatesThe Walt Disney StudiosBuildings and structures in Burbank, CaliforniaOffice buildings completed in 19401940 establishments in California Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in ArticleTalk ReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Español Français íê”ìŽ Bahasa Melayu Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐžĐč àź€àźźàźżàźŽàŻ Ű§Ű±ŰŻÙ 5 more Edit links This page was last edited on 17 February 2021, at 17:25 (UTC). 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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. (December 2020) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (December 2020) Disney's Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom TPark Color.svg Disney's Tree of Life.jpg The Tree of Life is the icon of Disney's Animal Kingdom. Location Walt Disney World Resort, Bay Lake, Florida, United States Coordinates 28°21âČ29âłN 81°35âČ24âłWCoordinates: 28°21âČ29âłN 81°35âČ24âłW Theme Natural environment and animal conservation Owner Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (The Walt Disney Company) Operated by Walt Disney World Opened April 22, 1998; 22 years ago[1] Operating season Year-round Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata Status Operating Walt Disney World Theme parks Magic KingdomEpcotDisney's Hollywood StudiosDisney's Animal Kingdom Water parks Disney's Typhoon LagoonDisney's Blizzard Beach Other attractions Disney SpringsESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Hotels Walt Disney World Resorts Transport Disney TransportWalt Disney World Monorail SystemDisney Skyliner vte Disney's Animal Kingdom is a zoological theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, Experiences and Products division, it is the largest theme park in the world, covering 580 acres (230 ha).[2][3][4] The park opened on Earth Day, April 22, 1998, and was the fourth theme park built at the resort. The park is dedicated and themed entirely around the natural environment and animal conservation, a philosophy once pioneered by Walt Disney himself.[5]
Disney's Animal Kingdom is distinguished from the rest of Walt Disney World's theme parks in that it features traditional attractions while also exhibiting hundreds of species of live animals. Due to these sensitive conditions, special designs and provisions were incorporated throughout the park to protect the animals' welfare. The park is located on the western edge of the resort, and is isolated from the resort's other theme parks and properties to minimize external disruptions to the animals; as a result, the park's nighttime show also features no fireworks that would otherwise disturb the animals. The park also uses biodegradable paper straws and prohibits plastic straws, lids, and balloons. Disney's Animal Kingdom is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, which indicates they have met or exceeded the standards in education, conservation, and research.[6]
In 2019, Disney's Animal Kingdom hosted 13.888 million guests, ranking it as the third-most-visited theme park in North America and the sixth-most-visited theme park in the world.[7] The park's icon is the Tree of Life, a 145-foot-tall (44 m), 50-foot-wide (15 m) artificial baobab tree. The park is the second-most-visited at Walt Disney World Resort, behind the Magic Kingdom.
Contents 1 History 1.1 Planning and construction 1.2 Operation 2 Areas 2.1 Oasis 2.2 Discovery Island 2.3 Pandora â The World of Avatar 2.4 Africa 2.5 Rafiki's Planet Watch 2.6 Asia 2.7 DinoLand U.S.A. 3 Former and unbuilt areas 3.1 Camp Minnie-Mickey 3.2 Beastly Kingdom 4 Restaurants and shops 5 Operations 6 Conservation efforts 7 Controversy 7.1 Incidents 8 Attendance 9 See also 10 References 11 External links History Planning and construction Disney began planning a new park shortly after the opening of MGM Studios in 1989.[8] Animal Kingdom was the brainchild of Imagineer Joe Rohde, who had previously designed the Adventurers Club at Pleasure Island.[9] When presenting the idea of the new animal-themed park, Rohde brought a 400-pound Bengal tiger into the meeting with Disney CEO Michael Eisner.[10] Originally slated as Disney's "Wild Animal Kingdom," Disney announced plans for the construction of the park in 1995 at an estimated cost of $600-$800 million. To design the theme park, Disney Imagineers traveled to Africa and Asia to study the landscapes and wildlife.
By July 1996, construction was underway on the animal holding facilities as well as the installation of trees, shrubs, and grasses to shape the park's African Savanna-inspired landscape.[11] Disney Imagineers collected seeds from 37 countries to be used for the plants and grasses in the park.[12] The landscaping efforts included spreading four million cubic yards of dirt, planting 40,000 mature trees (a mix of real Savanna species and artificial Baobab trees[13]), constructing 60 miles of underground utilities, waterways, and structures built by over 2,600 construction workers.[10] Many buildings contained thatched roofs assembled by Zulu workers from South Africa.[13] About 1,500 hand-painted wooden horses were crafted in Bali under Disney supervision.[10] Parts of the park were designed to look "aged", with artificial potholes in the safari roads and boats peppered with dents and rust.[10]
Most of the park's animals were acquired by fall 1997; they were held at a rented holding facility in North Florida for quarantine and observation.[11] Disney hired staff from 69 zoos around the United States to care for the animals.[8]
Operation [icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2020) The park opened to the public on April 22, 1998. Several marketing events surrounded the day. ABC aired a two-hour prime time special about the making of Animal Kingdom, as part of its The Wonderful World of Disney anthology series.[10] Disney CEO Michael D. Eisner and Vice Chairman Roy Disney hosted an opening day party for 14,000 corporate partners, travel agents, and media figures, which included celebrities such as Michael J. Fox, Drew Carey, Stevie Wonder, David Copperfield, and Jane Goodall.[14] Broadcasts of Good Morning America, Today and Live with Regis and Kathie Lee aired live from the park on April 22.[14] ABC also filmed an episode Sabrina the Teenage Witch at Animal Kingdom before the opening of the park; the episode, named "Disneyworld", aired two days after the park's opening.[15]
In 2011, Disney announced a major expansion to the park, Pandora - The World of Avatar, a joint venture with director James Cameron and his production company, Lightstorm Entertainment, with the intention of transforming Animal Kingdom into a full-day operation with added attraction capacity and nighttime experiences.[16] Construction on the area began on January 10, 2014,[17] and the land opened to the public on May 27, 2017.[18]
The park was closed from March 16 to July 11, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida.[19][20]
Areas Main article: List of Disney's Animal Kingdom attractions Disney's Animal Kingdom is divided into seven themed areas. The park's Discovery River separates Discovery Island from the other lands.
Four of the themed areas at Disney's Animal Kingdom
Discovery Island
Pandora â The World of Avatar
Africa
Asia
Oasis The Oasis is the park's logistic equivalent to Main Street U.S.A. and provides the transition from the park's entrance to the world of animals. The main paths feature animal exhibits and dense vegetation and trees lead deeper into the park and then onto Discovery Island.
Between the parking lot and the Oasis sits a Rainforest Cafe, which can be entered from both inside and outside the ticketed area.[21]
Discovery Island For the island and now-closed attraction elsewhere in Walt Disney World, see Discovery Island (Bay Lake). For other islands named Discovery Island, see Discovery Island.
Scarlet macaws at Discovery Island Discovery Island is located at the center of the park, and is an island within the park's Discovery River waterway. It serves as the "central hub" connecting the other sections of the park by bridges, with the exception of Rafiki's Planet Watch. It was originally called Safari Village, as Discovery Island was the name for the small zoological park located in Walt Disney World's Bay Lake, but renamed after that area closed in 1999.
The Tree of Life, the park's sculpted, man-made baobab tree, is located in this section and is surrounded by trails and animal enclosures. Inside the Tree of Life is It's Tough to Be a Bug!, a 3D film inspired by the 1998 Disney·Pixar animated film, A Bug's Life.
The park's largest gift shops and two of its major restaurants are on Discovery Island.[22]
Pandora â The World of Avatar Main article: Pandora â The World of Avatar Pandora â The World of Avatar is themed to the fictional alien exoplanetary moon, Pandora, from James Cameron's Avatar. The land's marquee attraction is Avatar Flight of Passage, a 3D flying simulator that allows guests to fly on a banshee across the Pandoran landscape.[23] Another attraction, the Na'vi River Journey, places guests aboard a boat ride through Pandora's bioluminescent rainforests.[24][25] The area opened on May 27, 2017.[26][27]
Africa
An actress performing in the Festival of the Lion King Africa is one of the original areas of the park. Set in the fictional east African port village of Harambe, this area contains several animal exhibits.[22] Some snippets from Africa that were duplicated by the Disney Imagineers are a fortress that was found in Zanzibar and a water-stained crumbling old building that was found in Kenya. Harambe includes a "hotel," restaurants, an outdoor bar that has live entertainment, and different marketplaces.
Sign for the fictional African port of Harambe in Disney World The village is the namesake of the Harambe Wildlife Preserve, the fictional home of Africa's main attraction, Kilimanjaro Safaris. Guests climb aboard an open-sided safari vehicle for an expedition to see African species in savanna, rivers and rocky hills. The safari features okapis, greater kudus, saddle-billed storks, bongos, black rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, pink-backed pelicans, Nile crocodiles, Masai giraffes, Hartmannâs mountain zebras, blue wildebeests, springboks, Ankole cattle, common elands, sable antelopes,
On the adjacent Gorilla Falls Exploration Trail, visitors trek into the forest where animals such as black-and-white colobus monkeys, gerenuks, gorillas, hippos, Kenyan sand boas, kori bustards, Grévy's zebras, meerkats, chimpanzees, naked mole-rats, okapis, tarantulas, and yellow-backed duikers, as well as an aviary, are located.[28]
On the western side of Africa is the Harambe Theater, which is home to the Festival of the Lion King, a stage attraction based on Disney's 1994 film, The Lion King.
Rafiki's Planet Watch Rafiki's Planet Watch is the only section of the park not connected to Discovery Island; it connects only to Africa. Guests board the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge Wildlife Express Train for the short trip to and from the area, which consists of three sub-areas.
Guests first encounter Habitat Habit!, where they can see cotton-top tamarins and learn about the efforts to protect these endangered primates in their natural homes. Along the way, guests can also learn how to provide animal habitats in and around their own homes.
Conservation Station showcases the various conservation efforts supported by the Walt Disney Company. It also gives a behind-the-scenes glimpse into Disney's Animal Kingdom's animal care facilities, including a veterinary examination room complete with a two-way communications system so the veterinary staff can answer guest questions.
Outside, Affection Section is a petting zoo featuring goats, sheep, a cattle, pigs, donkeys, and alpacas.
The area temporarily closed on October 21, 2018,[29] and later reopened in July 2019, featuring The Animation Experience at Conservation Station.[30][31]
Asia
Entrance sign
Komodo dragon in Asia Asia, the first expansion area added to Disney's Animal Kingdom, first opened in 1999. This area is set in the fictional kingdom of Anandapur (which means "Place of many delights" in Sanskrit). Anandapur evokes the traits of Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Nepal, and Thailand. According to Disney history, Anandapur was established as a royal hunting preserve in 1544. Anandapur contains both the riverside village of Anandapur, and Serka Zong, which is set in the foothills of the Himalayas.
Portraits of Anandapur's royal family (consisting of the maharaja and his wife) can be found in most of the businesses within the two villages, a map of the kingdom featuring both villages and their location relative to the mountains and river can be found on the wall of the Disney Vacation Club kiosk located there. Much like Harambe, Anandapur is now a center of animal research and tourism.
The visual focal point of Asia is Expedition Everest: Legend of the Forbidden Mountain, a steel roller coaster ride through the Forbidden Mountain of the Himalayas where passengers encounter a Yeti. Nearby is Kali River Rapids, a river rapids ride along the Chakranadi River through a rainforest, past an illegal logging operation and down a waterfall. The Maharajah Jungle Trek leads guests through the forests and ruins outside the village, which are home to species such as bantengs, bar-headed geese, Sumatran tigers, blackbucks, orangutans, Eld's deer, gibbons, Large flying foxes, Komodo dragons and over 50 bird species.[citation needed] UP! A Great Bird Adventure Show, a live bird show where one of Anandapur's bird researchers educates Russell and Dug from Up, about natural bird behaviors and the effects of habitat loss and conservation efforts on bird species, such as the black crowned crane and bald eagle.
In between Asia and DinoLand U.S.A. on the banks of the park's Discovery River is Rivers of Light, a nighttime show featuring mist screens, water fountains, floating lanterns, music, and lighting.[32][33]
DinoLand U.S.A. DinoLand U.S.A. is themed around dinosaurs and other extinct prehistoric life. The area is anchored by the Dino Institute, a fictitious palaeontological facility which is home to Dinosaur, a dark thrill ride loosely inspired by the 2000 Disney animated film of the same name, featuring a harrowing trip through time to the Late Cretaceous Period. Just outside the Institute is "Dino-Sue", a casting of a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil that is the most complete yet found. At the nearby Boneyard, there is a multi-leveled playground area with a Columbian mammoth fossil to be uncovered and a cast skeleton of a Brachiosaurus. Adjacent to the Institute and its surrounding facilities, is Chester and Hester's Dino-Rama, which recalls the many roadside attractions that were once scattered throughout the United States, being constructed by the owners of an old gas station hoping to take advantage of the tourism business the Institute has brought in. The area features the TriceraTop Spin aerial carousel ride, carnival games and gift shops. At the eastern edge of DinoLand U.S.A. is the Theater in the Wild, which hosts Finding Nemo â The Musical, a live-action musical stage show based on the story of the 2003 Disney·Pixar animated film Finding Nemo.
Like the other sections of Disney's Animal Kingdom, there are animals on display. The animals, such as the American crocodile, red legged seriemas, Abdim's stork and Asian brown tortoise, have evolutionary links to the age of the dinosaurs. They are animal species that have survived since the dinosaur era and can be found along the Cretaceous Trail along with a collection of Mesozoic plants. The area was sponsored by McDonald's until 2009.[34]
Former and unbuilt areas Camp Minnie-Mickey Camp Minnie-Mickey was themed as a rustic summer camp, built as a placeholder on the location where Beastly Kingdom was intended to be built. It served as a meet-and-greet for Disney characters including Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Koda, and Thumper. The area's main attraction was the Festival of the Lion King, a live stage show featuring acrobatics and musical performances inspired by The Lion King. It currently plays in Africa's Harambe Theater. Pocahontas and Her Forest Friends, based on the 1995 animated film, was a live stage show that ran from April 22, 1998, to September 27, 2008. The area closed on January 5, 2014, and was replaced by Pandora â The World of Avatar.[35]
Beastly Kingdom When conceived, Disney's Animal Kingdom was to focus on three broad classifications of animals: those that exist in today's reality; those that did exist but are now extinct (i.e., dinosaurs); and those that only exist in the realm of fantasy.[36] The original design for Animal Kingdom included a themed section called the Beastly Kingdom (possibly spelled as "Beastly Kingdomme"), devoted to creatures of legend and mythology. Camp Minnie-Mickey was built instead of Beastly Kingdom and was meant to serve as a temporary placeholder until Beastly Kingdom could be built.
Beastly Kingdom was to feature mythical animals such as unicorns, dragons, and sea monsters, featuring realms of both good and evil creatures:
The evil side was to be dominated by Dragon Tower, a ruined castle home to a greedy fire-breathing dragon who hoarded a fabulous treasure in the tower chamber. The castle was also inhabited by bats who planned to rob the dragon of his riches. They were to enlist the guests' help in their scheme and whisk them off on a thrilling suspended roller coaster ride through the castle ruins. The climax of the ride was to be an encounter with the evil dragon himself, resulting in a nearly barbecued train of guests.[37] The good side was to be home to Quest of the Unicorn, an adventure that would send guests through a maze of medieval mythological creatures to seek the hidden grotto where the unicorn lives. Finally, the Fantasia Gardens attraction was to be a musical boat ride through animal scenes from the 1940 Disney animated film Fantasia. The ride was to feature both the crocodiles and hippos from "Dance of the Hours" and the Pegasus, fauns, and centaurs from Beethoven's "The Pastoral Symphony."[36][38] In 2000, Walt Disney Imagineer Joe Rohde said: "We had a vision and now it's become a placeholder. We have all kinds of ideas and not all of them fit with the theme of Beastly Kingdom. I'm not even convinced there will be a Beastly Kingdom."[39]
Restaurants and shops
Tusker House in Africa section.
Rainforest Cafe at Disney's Animal Kingdom. The park contains four table service restaurants:
Rainforest Cafe, a themed restaurant chain operated by Landry's, located just outside the main entrance (also accessible from inside the park). Yak & Yeti, an Asian-themed restaurant located in the park's Asia section (operated by Landry's Restaurants) that opened on November 14, 2007. Tusker House, located in Africa and one of the park's original quick-service restaurants, was converted into a buffet restaurant and re-opened on November 17, 2007. Tiffins, located on Discovery Island, was opened on May 27, 2016 and features the themed Nomad Lounge adjacent to it. Tusker House hosts "Donald's Safari Breakfast" and "Donald's Dining Safari Lunch," a character-dining event where guests enjoy a buffet while meeting Donald Duck and other Disney characters.
There are seven quick-service restaurants located throughout the park:
Flame Tree Barbecue on Discovery Island Pizzafari on Discovery Island Satu'li Canteen in Pandora â The World of Avatar Restaurantosaurus in DinoLand USA Tamu Tamu Refreshments in Africa Harambe Market in Africa Yak & Yeti Local Foods CafĂ© in Asia As with other Walt Disney World theme parks, Disney's Animal Kingdom has other locations and carts that offer snacks and beverages.
Operations The park typically closes earlier in the day than other parks in the Walt Disney World Resort; Animal Kingdom began to stay open through the evening on May 27, 2016.[40]
Disney does not allow plastic straws, lids, or balloons to be used in the park, unlike the rest of the Disney parks. This is so that plastic does not inadvertently enter an animal's habitat and hurt them. Instead, the park uses biodegradable paper straws and offers lids for hot drinks only.[41]
Unlike the three other theme parks at Walt Disney World, the restrooms at Disney's Animal Kingdom all have doors at their entrances. This practice is in place so that, in the unlikely event of an animal ever escaping, guests are able to keep themselves safe inside.[42]
Conservation efforts As a zoological park, Disney's Animal Kingdom is engaged in research and conservation efforts involving its animal species. Since the park's opening in 1998, the resident elephant herd has produced seven calves, with births in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008,[43] 2010,[44] 2011 and 2016. In 2008, the park's giraffe herd produced four newborns, raising the total number of giraffe births since opening to eleven.[45]
In 1999, one of the park's white rhinoceros gave birth to a female calf named Nande.[46] In 2006, Nande and Hasani, another of the park's rhinos, were transferred to Uganda's Ziwa animal sanctuary, in the first attempt to re-introduce white rhinos to the country. Due to civil strife, the white rhinoceros had become extinct in the area.[46] In June 2009, Nande gave birth to a male calf, the first such birth in Uganda in over 25 years.[46] By January 2010, eight white rhinos had been born at Animal Kingdom since the park's opening; the most recent was born to another Animal Kingdom-born mother.[47]
Controversy Several Florida-based animal rights groups and PETA voiced concerns when the park originally opened, citing Walt Disney World's previous missteps in handling animals at the now-defunct Discovery Island.[48] The groups protested, and PETA tried to convince travel agents not to book trips to the park.[49] On opening day, the Orange County Sheriff's office sent about 150 deputies; about two dozen protesters showed up. The protest lasted two hours, and there were no arrests.[50]
Following a U.S. Department of Agriculture inspection of the park, it was revealed that 31 animals died at Animal Kingdom between September 1997 and April 1998 due to accidents, poisonings, fights, and other causes.[51] Two Asian small-clawed otters died after ingesting loquat seeds from trees planted in their exhibit, two cheetah cubs died from ethylene glycol poisoning, nine herd animals died due to injuries from fights, being entangled in fences while trying to escape, and, in one case, being kicked by an ostrich.[51] Two crowned cranes were killed after being run over by safari vehicles in two separate incidents.[51] The USDA ultimately found no violations of animal-welfare regulations.[52] Disney responded to the report by hiring additional security to prevent animals from fighting, relocating the crowned cranes to walking paths, as well as adding mirrors to the safari vehicles.[51]
One year after the park opened, Animal Rights Foundation of Florida complained that a New Year's Eve fireworks show could upset the animals. A USDA inspector came to the park and found no problems with launching low-noise fireworks half a mile away.[53]
In January 2015, the animal rights group In Defense of Animals listed the park at number 10 on its 2014 "list of worst zoos for elephants."[54]
Incidents In October 2014, a snake dropped out of a tree and bit a boy, precipitating the death of his great-grandmother who suffered a cardiac arrest as a reaction to the attack. A lawsuit was threatened because of the incident, but was never filed. The park confirmed that the snake that bit the boy was a non-venomous indigenous snake and that it did not escape from an enclosure.[55]
Attendance 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Worldwide rank 10,198,000[56] 10,402,000 [57] 10,922,000[58] 10,844,000 [59] 12,500,000[60] 13,750,000[61] 13,888,000[7] 6 See also Disney's Animal Kingdom attraction and entertainment history Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts The Kingdom Keepers - The second book of this fiction series is set in the Animal Kingdom. References "Disney's Animal Kingdom". wdwinfo.com. Werner Technologies, LLC. Retrieved November 8, 2011. Eades, Mark (August 30, 2017). "A former Disney Imagineer's guide to Disney's Animal Kingdom". OC Register. Retrieved September 4, 2017. Snibbe, Kurt (June 11, 2016). "A close-up look at Shanghai Disneyland: the newest Disney Park". Orange County Register. Retrieved March 31, 2017. Niles, Robert (May 26, 2013). "Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World". Retrieved March 22, 2016. "Environmentality: Disney and the Environment". The Walt Disney Company. Archived from the original on May 23, 2003. 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"Death of Wildlife At New Disney Park Is a Worry to Experts --- Four Cheetah Cubs Succumb To a Chemical, and Cranes Are Killed by Tour Buses". Wall Street Journal. New York, N.Y. April 7, 1998. Lancaster, Cory (January 18, 1999). "Tragedy at Disneyland Leads to Beefed-up Checks Here". Orlando Sentinel. p. 9. "Bronx Zoo, Disney's Animal Kingdom Make List Of The '10 Worst Zoos For Elephants'". The Huffington Post. January 13, 2015. "Disney's Animal Kingdom Faces Lawsuit After Escaped Snake Scares Woman To Death". "TEA/AECOM 2013 Global Attractions Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014. Rubin, Judith; Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Beth; Cheu, Linda; Elsea, Daniel; LaClair, Kathleen; Lock, Jodie; Linford, Sarah; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Pincus, Jeff; Robinett, John; Sands, Brian; Selby, Will; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris. "TEA/AECOM 2014 Theme Index & Museum Index: The Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). aecom.com. Themed Entertainment Association (TEA). Retrieved June 4, 2015. "TEA/AECOM 2015 Global Attractions Attendance Report Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016. Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (June 1, 2017). "TEA/AECOM 2016 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). aecom.com. Themed Entertainment Association. Retrieved July 26, 2017. Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (May 17, 2018). "TEA/AECOM 2017 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). teaconnect.org. Themed Entertainment Association. Retrieved May 17, 2018. Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (May 22, 2019). "TEA/AECOM 2018 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). teaconnect.org. Themed Entertainment Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019. 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Post by Freddie on Feb 27, 2021 20:18:12 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đMagic Kingdom From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort. For other Disney theme parks informally called "Magic Kingdom", see Disneyland (disambiguation). For other uses, see Magic Kingdom (disambiguation). Magic Kingdom Park Magic Kingdom Logo.svg Cinderella castle day.jpg Cinderella Castle, the icon of Magic Kingdom Location Walt Disney World Resort, Bay Lake, Florida, United States Coordinates 28°25âČ07âłN 81°34âČ52âłW Theme Fairy tales and Disney characters Slogan The most magical place on earth Owner Disney Parks, Experiences and Products (The Walt Disney Company) Operated by Walt Disney World Opened October 1, 1971; 49 years ago Previous names The Magic Kingdom (1994â2017) Walt Disney World Magic Kingdom (1971â1994) Operating season Year-round Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata Status Operating Walt Disney World Theme parks Magic KingdomEpcotDisney's Hollywood StudiosDisney's Animal Kingdom Water parks Disney's Typhoon LagoonDisney's Blizzard Beach Other attractions Disney SpringsESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Hotels Walt Disney World Resorts Transport Disney TransportWalt Disney World Monorail SystemDisney Skyliner vte Magic Kingdom Park is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando, Florida. Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, Experiences and Products division, the park opened on October 1, 1971, as the first of four theme parks at the resort. The park was initialized by Walt Disney and designed by WED Enterprises. Its layout and attractions are based on Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, and are dedicated to fairy tales and Disney characters. The park is represented by Cinderella Castle, inspired by the fairy tale castle seen in the 1950 film. In 2019, the park hosted 20.9 million visitors, making it the most visited theme park in the world for the thirteenth consecutive year and the most visited theme park in North America for at least the past nineteen years.[1] Contents 1 History 1.1 Planning 1.2 Opening and operation 2 Lands 2.1 Main Street, U.S.A. 2.2 Adventureland 2.3 Frontierland 2.4 Liberty Square 2.5 Fantasyland 2.5.1 Castle Courtyard 2.5.2 Storybook Circus 2.5.3 Enchanted Forest 2.6 Tomorrowland 3 Transportation and Ticket Center 4 Attendance 5 Television adaptation 6 In popular culture 7 See also 8 References 9 External links History Magic Kingdom entrance Planning Although Walt Disney had been highly involved in planning the Florida Project, he died before he could see the vision through. After Walt's death, Walt Disney Productions began construction on Magic Kingdom and the entire resort in 1967. The park was built as a larger, improved version of Disneyland Park in California. Magic Kingdom was built over a series of tunnels called utilidors, a portmanteau of utility and corridor, allowing employees (called "cast members") or VIP guests to move through the park out of sight.[2] Because of Florida's high water table, the tunnels could not be put underground, so they were built at the existing grade, meaning the park is built on the second story, giving the Magic Kingdom an elevation of 108 feet (33 m). The area around the utilidors was filled in with dirt removed from the Seven Seas Lagoon, which was being constructed at the same time. The utilidors were built in the initial construction and were not extended as the park expanded. The tunnels were intended to be designed into all subsequent Walt Disney World parks but were set aside mostly because of financial constraints. Epcot's Future World and Disney Springs' Pleasure Island each have a smaller network of utilidors. Opening and operation Dedication Walt Disney World is a tribute to the philosophy and life of Walter Elias Disney... and to the talents, the dedication, and the loyalty of the entire Disney organization that made Walt Disney's dream come true. May Walt Disney World bring Joy and Inspiration and New Knowledge to all who come to this happy place ... a Magic Kingdom where the young at heart of all ages can laugh and play and learn together. Roy O. Disney, October 25, 1971[3][4] Magic Kingdom Park opened as the first part of the Walt Disney World Resort on October 1, 1971, commencing concurrently with Disney's Contemporary Resort and Disney's Polynesian Village Resort. It opened with twenty-three attractions, three unique to the park and twenty replicas of attractions at Disneyland, split into six themed lands, five copies of those at Disneyland (Main Street, U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, and Tomorrowland) and the Magic Kingdom exclusive of Liberty Square. The Walt Disney Company promised to increase this number with a combination of replicas and unique attractions. While there is no individual dedication to Magic Kingdom, the dedication by Roy O. Disney for the entire resort was placed within its gates. The only land added to the original roster of lands in the park was Mickey's Toontown Fair. The land originally opened in 1988 as Mickey's Birthdayland to celebrate Mickey Mouse's 60th birthday. Later the land was renovated as Mickey's Starland and eventually to Mickey's Toontown Fair. The land was home to attractions such as Mickey's Country House, Minnie's Country House, The Barnstormer at Goofy's Wiseacre Farm, and Donald's Boat. It closed on February 12, 2011, to make way for the expansion of Fantasyland. The Walt Disney World Railroad station in Mickey's Toontown Fair, which opened with Mickey's Birthdayland in 1988, was closed for the duration of the construction. In 2012, the space where Mickey's Toontown Fair sat reopened as a part of Fantasyland, in a sub-land called the Storybook Circus, where the Dumbo the Flying Elephant was relocated. The Barnstormer was retained and was re-themed to The Great Goofini.[5] Since opening day, Magic Kingdom has been closed temporarily because of seven hurricanes: Floyd, Charley, Frances, Jeanne, Wilma, Matthew, and Irma.[6] The first non-hurricane related day the park has closed is on September 11, 2001, due to the terrorist attacks that day.[7] Walt Disney World was closed from March 15, 2020 to July 11, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[8] In addition, there are four "phases" of park closure when Magic Kingdom exceeds capacity, ranging from restricted access for most guests (Phase 1) to full closure for everyone, even cast members (Phase 4).[9] "Magic Kingdom" was often used as an unofficial nickname for Disneyland before Walt Disney World was built. The official tagline for Disneyland is "The Happiest Place On Earth", while the tagline for Magic Kingdom is "The Most Magical Place On Earth". Up until the early 1990s, Magic Kingdom was officially known as "Walt Disney World Magic Kingdom", and was never printed without the Walt Disney World prefix. This purpose was to differentiate between the park and Disneyland in California. In 1994, to differentiate it from Disneyland, the park was officially renamed Magic Kingdom Park. Like all Disney theme parks, the official name of the park does not start with an article ("the"), though it is commonly referred to that way; however, a sign on the railroad station at the front of the park reads "The Magic Kingdom". Alcoholic beverages had been prohibited from the park since its opening, but this policy has changed in recent years. In 2012, the Be Our Guest restaurant opened selling wine and beer for the first time. This was the only place in the park where alcohol was permitted until December 2014 when four additional restaurants began selling beer and wine including Cinderella's Royal Table, Liberty Tree Tavern, Tony's Town Square Restaurant, and the Jungle Navigation Co. Ltd. Skipper Canteen.[10][11] And finally in 2018, the park officially became the second Magic Kingdom-style park to serve alcohol at all table service restaurants, after Disneyland Paris in 1993.[12] In October 2018, The Wall Street Journal reported the theme park is becoming a popular spot for families to scatter the ashes of loved ones with the Haunted Mansion being the favorite location. The practice is unlawful and prohibited on Disney property and anyone spreading cremated remains will be escorted from the park.[13] The park was closed from March 16 to July 11, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida.[14][15] Lands Main article: List of Magic Kingdom attractions Magic Kingdom is divided into six themed "lands." It is designed like a wheel, with the hub in front of Cinderella Castle. Pathways spoke out from the hub across the 107 acres (43 ha) of the park and lead to these six lands.[16] The Walt Disney World Railroad circles around the entire 1.5-mile (2.4 km) perimeter of the park and makes stops at Main Street, U.S.A., Frontierland, and Fantasyland.[17][18] Lands of Magic Kingdom Main Street, U.S.A. Adventureland (exterior of Tortuga Tavern) Frontierland (theming for Big Thunder Mountain Railroad) Liberty Square (Hall of Presidents) Fantasyland (Bavarian theming) Tomorrowland Main Street, U.S.A. Main article: Main Street, U.S.A. Main Street, U.S.A., with Cinderella Castle in the far distance Symbolically, Main Street, U.S.A. represents the park's "opening credits," where guests pass under the train station (the opening curtain), then view the names of key personnel along the windows of the buildings' upper floors. Many windows bear the name of a fictional business, such as "Seven Summits Expeditions, Frank G. Wells President", with each representing a tribute to significant people connected to the Disney company and the development of the Walt Disney World Resort. It features stylistic influences from around the country. Taking its inspiration from New England to Missouri, this design is most noticeable in the four corners in the middle of Main Street, where each of the four corner buildings represents a different architectural style. There is no opera house as there is at Disneyland; instead, there is the Town Square Theater. Christopher George Weaver, the "mayor" of Main Street U.S.A. and one of the park's most important figures, greeted guests here for 26 years before he died in 2017.[19] Main Street is lined with shops selling merchandise and food. The decor is early-20th century small-town America, inspired by Walt Disney's childhood and the film Lady and the Tramp. City Hall contains the Guest Relations lobby, where cast members provide information and assistance. A working barber shop gives haircuts for a fee. The Emporium carries a wide variety of Disney souvenirs such as plush toys, collectible pins and Mickey-ear hats. Tony's Town Square Restaurant and The Plaza Restaurant are table-service locations. At the end of Main Street is Casey's Corner, where guests enjoy traditional American ballpark fare including hot dogs and fries while enjoying old baseball tunes on the piano. The Main Street Confectionery sells sweets priced by their weight, such as candied apples, crisped rice treats, chocolates, cookies and fudge.[20] Most windows bear the name of people who were influential at Disney parks. An example of a classic Main Street, U.S.A. attraction is the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge Walt Disney World Railroad, which transports guest throughout the park, making stops at Main Street, U.S.A., Fantasyland, and Frontierland. The railroad's previous stop at Mickey's Toontown Fair was replaced by the Fantasyland stop in 2012. Main Street, U.S.A. also has the Main Street Vehicles attraction, which includes a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge[21] tramway with horse-drawn streetcars, and several old-fashioned motor vehicles. In the distance beyond the end of Main Street stands Cinderella Castle. Though only 189 feet (58 m) tall, it benefits from a technique known as forced perspective. The second stories of all the buildings along Main Street are shorter than the first stories, and the third stories are even shorter than the second, and the top windows of the castle are much smaller than they appear. The resulting visual effect is that the buildings appear to be larger and taller than they really are. The park contains two additional tributes: the Partners statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse in front of Cinderella Castle and the Sharing the Magic statue of Roy O. Disney sitting with Minnie Mouse in the Town Square section of Main Street, U.S.A. Both were sculpted by veteran Imagineer Blaine Gibson. In 2012, Disney replaced the shop in the Firehouse with a sign up for the Sorcerers of the Magic Kingdom game. Adventureland Main article: Adventureland (Disney) Adventureland represents the mystery of exploring foreign lands. It is themed to resemble the remote jungles in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, South America and the South Pacific, with an extension resembling a Caribbean town square. It contains classic attractions such as Pirates of the Caribbean, Jungle Cruise, Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, Swiss Family Treehouse, and The Magic Carpets of Aladdin. Frontierland Main article: Frontierland Splash Mountain in Frontierland In Frontierland guests can relive the American Old West, from the romanticized cowboys and Native Americans, to exploring the mysteries of the Rivers of America. It contains classic attractions such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, Splash Mountain, and the Country Bear Jamboree. The land also contains shops such as Big Al's, Frontier Trading Post, Prairie Outpost and Supply, Briar Patch, and Splashdown Photos. Walt Disney World's Festival of Fantasy Parade begins in Frontierland and makes its way through several lands, eventually ending on Main Street, U.S.A., toward the front of the park. Liberty Square Main article: Liberty Square (Magic Kingdom) Liberty Square is inspired by a colonial American town set during the American Revolutionary War. The Liberty Belle Riverboat travels down the park's Rivers of America. Liberty Square is home to such attractions as the Haunted Mansion and The Hall of Presidents. Fantasyland Main article: Fantasyland Fantasyland is themed in a medieval-faire/carnival style, in the words of Walt Disney: "Fantasyland is dedicated to the young at heart and to those who believe that when you wish upon a star, your dreams come true." Attractions include It's a Small World, Peter Pan's Flight, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Mickey's PhilharMagic, Prince Charming Regal Carrousel, and Mad Tea Party. From 2012 to 2014, Fantasyland was expanded to nearly double its size and new attractions and guest offerings were added, including sub-areas themed to Beauty and the Beast, Tangled, and The Little Mermaid. New attractions such as the Seven Dwarfs Mine Train and Under the Sea: Journey of the Little Mermaid were introduced. Castle Courtyard The original Fantasyland attractions left after the expansion was completed are located within the castle walls this courtyard area directly behind Cinderella Castle. Attractions here include: Mickey's PhilharMagic, Prince Charming Regal Carrousel, Princess Fairytale Hall, It's a Small World, Peter Pan's Flight, Mad Tea Party and The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. Storybook Circus Part of Fantasyland, Storybook Circus is located at the former site of Mickey's Toontown Fair, and is based on elements from Dumbo and the Mickey Mouse universe. Attractions include The Barnstormer and Dumbo the Flying Elephant, which was removed from its former location on January 8, 2012. Also included is the Casey Jr. Splash n' Soak Station (a water play area themed to Casey Jr., the train from Dumbo). Storybook Circus began soft openings on March 12, 2012, with more parts opening on March 31. Mickey's Toontown Fair closed permanently on February 11, 2011, to make way for Storybook Circus. Some elements of Mickey's Toontown Fair were demolished, and others were re-themed to fit the circus concept. An expanded Dumbo the Flying Elephant ride was built, with an interactive queue, and a second Dumbo ride was built next to it, in order to increase capacity. The Barnstormer at Goofy's Wiseacre Farm was re-themed to "The Great Goofini". A big top area was built for meet-and-greets, called Pete's Silly Sideshow. This attraction features Goofy as a stuntman, Daisy as a fortune-teller, Donald as a snake-charmer, Minnie as a Magician, and Pluto as a special performer. Storybook Circus opened with a streetmosphere circus act called The Giggle Gang, which had a two-year run from 2012 until 2014.[22] Enchanted Forest Fantasyland's dark ride The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure The completion of the Enchanted Forest section of the park concluded the expansion of New Fantasyland.[23] Included in the expansion was the attraction Under the Sea ~ Journey of the Little Mermaid, themed to Disney's 1989 film The Little Mermaid. The attraction is a near replica of the Disney California Adventure attraction, The Little Mermaid, Ariel's Undersea Adventure. There is also an area themed to Disney's 1991 film Beauty and the Beast, featuring the Beast's Castle with the dining experience Be Our Guest Restaurant (offering quick-service lunches and table service dinners), as well as Gaston's Tavern and Belle's cottage.[24] This portion of the New Fantasyland officially opened on December 6, 2012. Snow White's Scary Adventures was removed to build Princess Fairytale Hall, a meet-n-greet. Another attraction themed to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs called the Seven Dwarfs Mine Train opened in 2014. The attraction, which features Snow White's cottage and state of the art audio-animatronics, is the first roller coaster to move in a wobbling motion on track.[24] Tomorrowland Main article: Tomorrowland Tomorrowland is set in an intergalactic city, a concept of the future as seen from around the 1950s: rockets, UFOs and robots, etc. In the words of Walt Disney: "Tomorrow can be a wonderful age. Our scientists today are opening the door of the Space Age to achievements that will benefit our children and generations to come. The Tomorrowland attractions have been designed to give you an opportunity to participate in adventures that are a living blueprint of our future." Classic attractions include Space Mountain, Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress, Astro Orbiter, Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover and the Tomorrowland Speedway. Other current attractions include Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin and Monsters, Inc. Laugh Floor. The TRON Lightcycle Power Run roller coaster from Shanghai Disneyland will be opening to the north of Space Mountain in a new area of Tomorrowland, and it will be open before Disney World's 50th anniversary in 2021.[25][26][27] Transportation and Ticket Center Main article: Transportation and Ticket Center The resort's monorail system and ferryboats transport guests to and from the Magic Kingdom. Magic Kingdom lies more than a mile away from its parking lot, on the opposite side of the man-made Seven Seas Lagoon. Upon arrival, guests are taken by the parking lot trams to the Transportation and Ticket Center (TTC), which sells admission into the parks and provides transportation connections throughout the resort complex. To reach the park, guests either use the Walt Disney World Monorail System, ferryboats, or Disney Transport buses, depending on the location of their hotel or parking lot. The three hotels closest to Magic Kingdom, Disney's Contemporary Resort, Disney's Polynesian Village Resort (which is connected to the Shades of Green resort by a walking path), and Disney's Grand Floridian Resort and Spa, use either the ferry or monorail system to travel to Magic Kingdom; a walking path also links the Contemporary Resort to the park. Guests staying at Disney's Wilderness Lodge and Disney's Fort Wilderness Campground can also ride a dedicated ferry boat to the Magic Kingdom docks. Guests of other hotels take buses to travel to the park, while guests who are not staying at any of the resort's hotels must use the monorail system or ferryboats to travel to the park from the Transportation and Ticket Center. Guests using ride-hailing services to travel to the park must transfer at the TTC or use the walking path from the Contemporary Resort, as ride-hailing vehicles cannot use the park's bus loops. The three ferries are clad in different trim colors and are named for past Disney executives: the General Joe Potter (blue), the Richard F. Irvine (red) and the Admiral Joe Fowler (green). The main monorail loop has two lanes. The outer lane is a direct nonstop loop between the TTC and Magic Kingdom, while the inner loop has additional stops at Disney's Contemporary Resort, Disney's Polynesian Village Resort, and Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa. Epcot is accessible by a spur monorail line that was added upon that park's opening in 1982. Preceding station Walt Disney World Monorail Following station Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa One-way operation Resort Line Magic Kingdom continuous loop clockwise Disney's Contemporary Resort Next clockwise Transportation and Ticket Center Next counterclockwise Express Line Magic Kingdom continuous loop counterclockwise Transportation and Ticket Center One-way operation Attendance 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 15,400,000[28] 14,700,000[29] 14,000,000[30] 14,040,000[31] 15,100,000[32] 16,100,000[33] 16,640,000[34] 17,060,000[35] 17,063,000[36] 17,233,000[37] 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 16,972,000[38] 17,142,000[39] 17,536,000[40] 18,588,000[41] 19,332,000[42] 20,492,000[43] 20,395,000[44] 20,450,000[45] 20,859,000[1] 20,963,000[46] Worldwide rank 1 Television adaptation In 2012, Jon Favreau announced he was planning a film called Magic Kingdom.[47] The film is described as âNight at the Museum at Disneyland,â meaning that the film would tell a story where all the characters at Disney come to life at night.[47] Marc Abraham and Eric Newman of Strike Entertainment were scheduled to produce the film.[48] Writer-producer Ronald D. Moore had previously written an original script for the project, which the studio eventually declined to use, stating that Favreau and a new screenwriter would develop a new script.[48] In 2021, it was announced that a new project, now developed as a television series, is in development for Disney+. Moore was brought back to develop the series which will see that the various lands in the Magic Kingdom are actually gateways to alternate worlds, thus setting up a shared universe. The first in the series will be The Society of Explorers and Adventurers (SEA).[49] In popular culture Adventures in the Magic Kingdom, a 1990 video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, a 2003 science fiction novel by Cory Doctorow The Kingdom Keepers, a 2005 children's novel by Ridley Pearson The Florida Project, a 2017 drama film by Sean Baker See also Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party Mickey's Very Merry Christmas Party Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts List of Magic Kingdom attractions List of Walt Disney World Resort attractions References Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (May 22, 2019). 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"Trams of the World 2017" (PDF). Blickpunkt StraĂenbahn. January 24, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017. "Storybook Circus Giggle Gang | Magic Kingdom". touringplans.com. Smith, Thomas (January 18, 2011). "Update on New Fantasyland at Magic Kingdom Park". Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011. "Disney World's Fantasyland expansion". WOFL FOX 35. January 18, 2011. Archived from the original on January 21, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2011. Smith, Thomas. "New Tron Attraction Coming to Magic Kingdom Park at Walt Disney World Resort". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017. Lambert, Marjie. "4 new rides coming to Disney World: Ratatouille, Tron, Mickey Mouse, Guardians of the Galaxy". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017. Bevil, Dewayne. "Coming to Disney World: Tron, Guardians of the Galaxy ride, 'Star Wars' hotel". OrlandoSentinel.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017. "Park Attendance Rose In 2000 For Many Amusement Parks". Ultimaterollercoaster.com. January 1, 2001. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2017. "Amusement Business/ERA 2001 North American Theme Park Attendance Figures". Amusement Business/ERA. 2001. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016. "Amusement Business/ERA 2002 North American Theme Park Attendance Figures". Amusement Business/ERA. 2002. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016. "Amusement Business/ERA 2003 North American Theme Park Attendance Figures". Amusement Business/ERA. 2003. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016. "Amusement Business/ERA 2004 North American Theme Park Attendance Figures". Amusement Business/ERA. 2004. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016. "Amusement Business/ERA 2005 North American Theme Park Attendance Figures". Amusement Business/ERA. 2005. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016. "TEA/ERA 2006 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/ERA. 2007. p. 4. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/ERA 2007 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/ERA. 2008. p. 7. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/ERA 2008 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/ERA. 2009. p. 7. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2009 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2010. p. 7. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2010 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2011. p. 23. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2011 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2012. p. 7. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2012 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2013. p. 9. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2013 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2014. p. 7. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2014 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2015. p. 7. Retrieved May 27, 2016. "TEA/AECOM 2015 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association/AECOM. 2016. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved June 2, 2017. Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (June 1, 2017). "TEA/AECOM 2016 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). aecom.com. Themed Entertainment Association. Retrieved July 26, 2017. Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (May 17, 2018). "TEA/AECOM 2017 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). aecom.com. Themed Entertainment Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2018. Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (July 16, 2020). "TEA/AECOM 2019 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020. Topel, Fred (July 25, 2015). "Pixar is Helping with Jon Favreau's 'Magic Kingdom". Crave Online. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Graser, Marc. "Jon Favreau enters Disney's 'Magic Kingdom'", Variety, November 10, 2010. WebCitation archive. Chang, Tom (February 23, 2021). "Ronald Moore Developing Magic Kingdom TV Universe for Disney+". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved February 23, 2021. 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Post by Freddie on Feb 27, 2021 20:37:32 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đđ The Global Network đwww.ntfa.net/universe/pictures/Landmine.jpgLANDMINE ALLEGIANCE: AUTOBOT SUB-GROUP: PRETENDER FUNCTION: ASTEROID MINER FIRST APPEARANCE: TRANSFORMERS # 40 "The greatest treasures are found in the darkest places!" Profile: Landmine likes to see himself as a sort of robotic Indiana Jones (he's seen all the films several times!), braving all manner of dangers to uncover minerals or relics. His fellow Autobots just see him as a hothead, albeit a hard-working one. The trouble is, Landmine sometimes sees his job as a bit on the boring and unglamorous side. He's very good at what he does but yearns for something more. Landmine loves adventure stories, be they literary, celluloid, or video, and wants very much to live out his fantasies. That he's an Autobot warrior, waging an epic war against the evil Decepticons (an adventure by anyone's standards), doesn't seem to be enough. He fears others think he's as old and dusty as some of the artifacts he unearths. Nevertheless, once he's given a job to do, all Landmine's concerned with is getting it done right! Optimus Prime appreciates such dependability and wishes he could convince Landmine that he fulfills an important and necessary role in the Autobot war effort. The minerals he brings back are used as alternative power sources, fueling machinery, weapons... and Transformers. Still, thinks Landmine, it would be nice to rescue the odd maiden and battle the odd dragon! Abilities: Because of the hostile environments Landmine often has to work in, exposed to cosmic gales, meteorite rain and the like, his shell is constructed of a high-density Cybertronic alloy, resistant to all but the most severe conditions. The suit has full life-support systems to assist motor functions in high gravity. Because of its construction, the shell is impervious to most armaments. Outside his shell, Landmine transforms into an all-terrain exploration vehicle, his mining activities facilitated by electromagnetic, sonic-thermal, chemical, and radiation scanners. He is armed with a laser saber and an astro-blaster that shoots bursts of incendiary explosives. Weaknesses: Landmine tends to rely too heavily on his outer Pretender shell, becoming almost reluctant to leave the safety of it. In battle, Landmine often over-commits himself, anxious to prove to his fellow Autobots he's just as rough, tough and interesting as any of them.
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Post by Freddie on Feb 27, 2021 20:38:00 GMT 1
đ The Global Network đ
Tomorrowland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the themed land at six Disney Parks. For the 2015 film, see Tomorrowland (film). For the music festival in Belgium, see Tomorrowland (festival). For other uses, see Tomorrowland (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Tomorrowland" â news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Tomorrowland Tomorrowland logo.svg DL tomorrowland entrance at night.jpg Disneyland's Tomorrowland at Night Theme Future, Technology, Outer space, Discovery and Science fiction Disneyland Status Operating Opened July 17, 1955 Magic Kingdom Status Operating Opened October 1, 1971 Tokyo Disneyland Status Operating Opened April 15, 1983 Disneyland Park (Paris) Status Operating Opened April 12, 1992 Hong Kong Disneyland Status Operating Opened September 12, 2005 Shanghai Disneyland Park Status Operating Opened June 16, 2016 Tomorrowland is one of the many themed lands featured at all of the Magic Kingdom styled Disney theme parks around the world owned or licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Each version of the land is different and features numerous attractions that depict views of the future. Disneyland Park in Paris includes a similar area called Discoveryland, which shares some elements with other Tomorrowlands but emphasizes visions of the future inspired by Jules Verne.
Walt Disney was known for his futurist views and, through his television programs, showed the American public how the world was moving into the future. Tomorrowland was the realized culmination of his views. In his own words: "Tomorrow can be a wonderful age. Our scientists today are opening the doors of the Space Age to achievements that will benefit our children and generations to come. The Tomorrowland attractions have been designed to give you an opportunity to participate in adventures that are a living blueprint of our future."
It is this movement into the future that has, on occasion, left Tomorrowland mired in the past. Disneyland's Tomorrowland is now in its third generation, and the Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland is in its second. The Walt Disney Company has mentioned that it wanted to keep Tomorrowland from becoming "Yesterdayland". As a self-referential joke along this line, the 2007 Walt Disney Animation Studios film Meet the Robinsons (which is set mainly in the year 2037) features an amusement park called Todayland, which has rides that look similar to Space Mountain and Disneyland's original Rocket Jets.
Contents 1 Disneyland 1.1 History 1.2 Attractions and entertainment 1.3 Former attractions and entertainment 1.4 Restaurants and refreshments 1.5 Former restaurants and refreshments 1.6 Shops 1.7 Former shops 2 Magic Kingdom 2.1 History 2.2 Attractions and entertainment 2.3 Future attractions and entertainment 2.4 Former attractions and entertainment 2.5 Restaurants and refreshments 2.6 Former restaurants and refreshments 2.7 Shops 2.8 Future shops 2.9 Former shops 3 Tokyo Disneyland 3.1 History 3.2 Attractions and entertainment 3.3 Former attractions and entertainment 3.4 Restaurants and refreshments 3.5 Former restaurants and refreshments 3.6 Shops 3.7 Former shops 4 Disneyland Park (Paris) 4.1 History 4.2 Attractions and entertainment 4.3 Former attractions and entertainment 4.4 Restaurants and refreshments 4.5 Former restaurants and refreshments 4.6 Shops 5 Hong Kong Disneyland 5.1 Attractions and entertainment 5.2 Future attractions and entertainment 5.3 Former attractions and entertainment 5.4 Restaurants and refreshments 5.5 Former restaurants and refreshments 5.6 Shops 5.7 Former shops 6 Shanghai Disneyland Park 6.1 History 6.2 Attractions and entertainment 6.3 Former attractions and entertainment 6.4 Restaurants and refreshments 6.5 Shops 6.6 Former Shops 7 In media 8 References Disneyland Original dedication A vista into a world of wondrous ideas, signifying Man's achievements... A step into the future, with predictions of constructed things to come. Tomorrow offers new frontiers in science, adventure and ideals. The Atomic Age, the challenge of Outer Space and the hope for a peaceful, unified world. During the dedication, Walt Disney started speaking, was told that he wasn't yet on air, and then had to restart once the television viewers were watching. History
Tomorrowland taken from the Space Mountain queue Tomorrowland 1955â1966: The "original" Tomorrowland incarnation The first Tomorrowland opened at Disneyland on July 17, 1955, with only several of its planned attractions open, due to budget cuts. The construction of the park was rushed, so Tomorrowland was the last land to be finished. It became something of a corporate showcase, despite Walt Disney's reluctance. Monsanto Company, American Motors, Richfield Oil, and Dutch Boy Paint were some of the many companies to open showcases in Tomorrowland in the first few years.[1]
Since the park was on a strict budget, one cost-cutting idea was to reuse the sets of the Nautilus from Disney's 1954 movie 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea as a walkthrough attraction. This remained open until 1966. For the first four years, most of Tomorrowland was generally open space and considered to be very corporate-fueled. However, the area gained more attractions as time passed, many of which have since been removed.
When Disneyland opened, Tomorrowland represented the future in the year 1986.[2]
Tomorrowland's showpiece was the TWA Moonliner, derived from Disney's "Man In Space" television episodes developed in the 1950s. The Moonliner was the tallest structure in the park at the time, even taller than the park icon Sleeping Beauty Castle. The Moonliner hosted Rocket To The Moon which was a ride to the moon. The entrance showpiece was the clock of the world showing the time anywhere on earth. The north show building hosted Circarama U.S.A. which showed movies on nine screens, and space station X-1 which showed a satellite view of America. The south show building showed the Monsanto Hall of Chemistry, which was a walk-through tour about chemistry. Autopia, an opening-day attraction, gave visitors a view of the National Interstate System that was to be built in the future. The attraction still remains open today, though it has been modified and rebuilt several times. This is the only attraction in Tomorrowland that has been open since opening day.
Several new attractions opened in 1955. Among them were Tomorrowland Boats, The World Beneath Us, which showed the Earth's geology, and the Aluminum Hall of Fame, sponsored by Kaiser Aluminum. The final Tomorrowland attraction to open in 1955 was The Flight Circle which demonstrated methanol-powered model planes, boats and cars.
In 1956, Tomorrowland Boats were renamed Phantom Boats, and were closed later in the year. Dutch Boy Color Gallery opened in 1956, and sponsored Dutch Boy Paint. Two major attractions opened in 1956: the Astro Jets, where guests were able to fly their own rockets, and Skyway to Fantasyland, where guests rode "Buckets" over to Fantasyland.
In 1957, the Monsanto House of the Future, a plastic house with four wings cantilevered from a central plinth, was built. This was similar to precursors at previous World's Fairs, though those were simply homes furnished with modern conveniences and aimed at housewives. Disneyland's attraction displayed conveniences such as picture phones and television remote controls, and it introduced many people to their first microwave oven. The Viewliner also opened where guests could ride in "the fastest miniature train in the world." It closed the next year making it the shortest lived Disney attraction ever.
In 1959, three major attractions, the park's first billed E-ticket attractions, opened at Tomorrowland. These were the Disneyland Monorail, Submarine Voyage, and the Matterhorn (which later became part of Fantasyland). These additions were collectively so large in scope that they were televised as the second opening of Disneyland. New attractions came and some went as Walt Disney focused his efforts on the 1964â65 New York World's Fair. After the Fair closed, he turned his attention to a new Tomorrowland and the Florida Project, which would later become Walt Disney World.
Tomorrowland 1967â1997: "New Tomorrowland"
Disneyland's Tomorrowland entrance in 1996, before the 1998 makeover By 1966, Tomorrowland was becoming quickly outdated. Most of its attractions were only there as advertisements for various sponsors, such as Monsanto, despite the 1959 Tomorrowland expansion. In 1967, the area was completely rebuilt with new attractions and scenery. The original layout was demolished, with a few exceptions, and a new set of buildings were erected. The addition of the Carousel of Progress, Adventure Thru Inner Space, an improved and larger Circle-Vision auditorium, Flight to the Moon, and the PeopleMover helped give Tomorrowland its "World on the Move" theme.[citation needed]
In 1973, "The World On The Move" began to change. General Electric decided to close Carousel of Progress, which later reopened at a new home in Walt Disney World in 1975 as part of its expansion. In 1974, with the American Bicentennial approaching, Disney designers seized the opportunity of the vacant carousel theater to present a large musical extravaganza called America Sings, which featured 114 Audio Animatronics. The following year, Flight to the Moon was updated into Mission to Mars, as actual flights to the moon had become a reality since the former's construction.[citation needed]
In 1975, construction began on Walt Disney's proposed 1965 "Space Port". In May 1977, this project opened to the public as Space Mountain. The same year, the Super Speed Tunnel was added as part of the Peoplemover experience, as the Epcot model that was formerly in the building moved to Florida.[citation needed]
In 1984, Circle-Vision 360 received a brand new travelogue of the United States, to replace the aging "America The Beautiful" film â American Journeys.[citation needed]
In 1986, two new attractions found homes in Tomorrowland: Star Tours and Captain EO. Captain EO replaced the Space Stage in September 1986, and Star Tours replaced Adventure Thru Inner Space in January 1987. Aside from the Skyway closing in 1994,[3] Tomorrowland remained largely unchanged for much of the following decade until it was redesigned in 1998.[4]
In 1993, The Walt Disney Company planned a major refurbishment, "Tomorrowland 2055". This Tomorrowland was planned to have more of an extraterrestrial theme, and was going to replace Mission to Mars with ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter. In 1994, however, this plan was scrapped due to the poor initial financial performance of Euro Disneyland.[5]
Tomorrowland 1995â1998: "Tomorrowland in Decline" Between the years of 1995 - 1998 several Tomorrowland attractions were slated to be closed or remodeled. The Peoplemover, The Rocket Jets, Mission to Mars, Circle-Vision 360, Captain EO and the Starcade were all permanently closed or planned for renovation. At this time, most of these attractions were left vacant or walled off from the public.
In 1995, the cost of an adult day pass at Disneyland was $34.00, and a Disneyland Annual Pass was $99.00. There was only one type of annual passâas opposed to the current tiered systemâand most Southern California locals had passes. Tomorrowland quickly became a local hangout for many local junior high and high school teenagers residing in Southern California. Teenagers congregated near the Tomorrowland Terrace, which featured a live band every night.
Tomorrowland became so synonymous with Southern California teenagers at that time, popular bands began to reference the local scene in their music. New Wave/Ska group No Doubt named its 1995 breakthrough album âTragic Kingdomâ, in which the titled track opens with the "remain seated" warning from Matterhorn Mountain. Ska band Jeffries Fan Club (1997) wrote a song called "12" about a high school boy who meets a 12-year-old girl at Disneyland, and Pop-Punk band the Ataris (1998) "San Dimas High School Football Rules" was about the lead singer going to Disneyland with a girl he met and getting on all the rides.
This influx of teenagers did cause some negative consequences to the park. Disneyland had to employ more security because many of the teenagers were not respectful to the families visiting the park. To combat the issue of mischievous locals, Disneyland made minor changes, including an increase to both one-day and annual passes. Tomorrowland officially began its renovation in 1995. The three-year makeover started only two years after the park's last major project: the construction of Mickey's Toontown. The land was not completely closed off the entire time, but major sections were blocked off to guests, and the entrance was finally walled up in 1997. As construction waged on, rumors about possible new attractions went rampant. Guests wondered if Tomorrowland would start to phase out transportation and space travel (its second main focus after home technologies in the 50s) in favor of a brand new theme. By the first months of 1998, New Tomorrowland was at the forefront of every Disneyland fan's mind, and the springtime opening drew major crowds. When Tomorrowland re-opened Disneyland had raised prices and many of the locals either moved on or aged out of using Tomorrowland as a hangout.
Tomorrowland 1998â2004: The "New-New Tomorrowland" incarnation
Disneyland's Tomorrowland entrance 2006-2009 Tomorrowland reopened on May 22, 1998, at the cost of a mere $100 million, as the land was hit with budget cuts from Disneyland's president at the time, Paul Pressler. It is loosely based on the retro-futurist concepts of Jules Verne that Disneyland Paris's Discoveryland featured. The entire land was painted in bronzes, golds, and dark browns, with occasional green highlights. New landscaping featured apparent vegetable plots and made reference to "neo-agrarian" concepts. The flagship attraction of the makeover was the Rocket Rods, which attempted to run a fast-paced ride on the former slow-paced PeopleMover track; the ride closed two years later due to intractable mechanical problems.
Many of the attractions remained fundamentally the same, but Circle-Vision, Captain EO, and Mission to Mars were all removed. The space formerly occupied by Circle-Vision was partly used for the queue of the Rocket Rods, while Captain EO was replaced by Honey, I Shrunk the Audience and Mission To Mars was replaced by a restaurant called Redd Rockett's Pizza Port. The Rocket Jets attraction was redressed as a moving sculpture called the Observatron, while a similar attraction called the Astro Orbiter was placed at ground level in the entrance of Tomorrowland where the World Clock once stood. The former America Sings theater became Innoventions, a technology showcase based on the Walt Disney World: EPCOT original. The famous Tomorrowland attraction Space Mountain, which had been a gleaming white color for more than twenty years, was re-painted a copperish-brown color to go along with the redesign of Tomorrowland.[6]
Following the opening of the New Tomorrowland for the summer of 1998, the Submarine Voyage was closed in September.
In late 2003, Matt Ouimet became president of the Disneyland Resort and sought to change some of the cost-cutting trends that had become the status quo there. Space Mountain was closed for two full years while the ride was refurbished and repainted white, the original color of the attraction, and the track was completely replaced by a new track with the same track plan. The former Rocket Rods queue building was converted into Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters for a 2005 opening.[citation needed]
Tomorrowland 2005â2016: Disneyland's Happiest Homecoming and Diamond Anniversary Main articles: Happiest Homecoming on Earth and Disneyland Forever
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In February 2005, Walt Disney Imagineering approved a repaint of Tomorrowland for the "Happiest Homecoming on Earth" 50th anniversary celebration. This new paint scheme resembled the 1967 Tomorrowland with predominantly white, blue, and silver, although some of the former gold and bronze colors were kept. The largest remainder from the 1998 color scheme was the Astro Orbitor until mid-2009, when it was repainted to match the rest of the land, and mechanisms that once caused its top to rotate properly were repaired.[citation needed]
The Submarine Lagoon at Tomorrowland. Monorail Orange is passing over a submarine. In 2007, as part of the Year of a Million Dreams, the Submarine Voyage reopened as Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, with the submarines fully refurbished and repowered with batteries rather than diesel engines and a theme based around the 2003 film Finding Nemo[citation needed]
Also in 2007, the Disneyland Monorail began phasing out its Mark V fleet of monorails in order to reverse engineer[clarification needed] and upgrade the Mark V's to the new Mark VII models. The new Mark VII's were phased in one at a time, beginning with Red and Blue in 2008 and Orange in 2009; Purple was confirmed not to undergo an upgrade and was scrapped. These new monorails were to pay homage to the original Mark I, II, and III monorails while retaining a modern, futuristic look. The previous Mark V monorail class of trains bore more of a resemblance to the Mark IV and Mark VI monorail classes of trains used on the Walt Disney World Monorail System.[citation needed]
In January 2010, Honey, I Shrunk the Audience closed to make way for a revived Captain EO, which "re-opened" due to the large public backing the 3D film had received upon Michael Jackson's death in June 2009. It was a limited engagement (albeit with no set closing date), and eventually closed in July 2014 to use the theatre to present a preview of Marvel Studios' Guardians of the Galaxy. Later, starting on 26 September 2014, the Magic Eye theatre was used to present a preview of Walt Disney Animation Studios' Big Hero 6, set to have ended on 21 November 2014.[citation needed]
In July 2010, Disneyland's Star Wars-themed motion simulator attraction Star Tours was closed to make room for its sequel, Star ToursâThe Adventures Continue. The new ride, which featured other Star Wars destinations in 3-D, opened on June 3, 2011.[citation needed]
On March 21, 2015 Innoventions closed to become transformed into the Tomorrowland Expo Center. The building was closed and converted which reopened to guests on November 16, 2015. The first floor of the building hosts the "Star Wars Launch Bay", a new Star Wars exhibit with character meet and greets, displays featuring movie props and various sneak peeks behind the scenes of Star Wars: The Force Awakens and the two other future Star Wars films. The second floor formerly hosted the "Super Hero HQ", featuring meet and greets with Marvel characters Iron Man, Thor and Spider-Man with several displays from Innoventions remaining, but redressed to display Marvel's various television series and comic strips.
Tomorrowland 2016âpresent: The "Season of the Force" Tomorrowland incarnation At the 2015 D23 Expo, Disney announced that on November 16, 2015, Tomorrowland would launch a Star Wars-themed "Season of the Force", in celebration of Star Wars: The Force Awakens. Among the changes launched as part of the event were the new attraction Star Wars Launch Bayâan exhibition showcasing artwork and other materials related to the franchise, a Star Wars Rebels-themed update of Jedi Training Academy known as Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple, the addition of The Force Awakens-related content to Star ToursâThe Adventures Continue, and a The Force Awakens-themed Space Mountain overlay known as Hyperspace Mountain.[7][8] Autopia also closed for a short period of time, but reopened in early 2016, with a new blue and silver color scheme to better fit current day Tomorrowland and a new sponsorship with Honda. In 2019, Disneyland began to remove the 1998-era Tomorrowland sign and rockwork popularly known as the "French fry rocks" in order to widen walkways and improve crowd flow as part of its ongoing Project Stardust beautification and improvement project.[9]
Attractions and entertainment Astro Orbiter (1998-present) Autopia (1955-present) Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters (2005-present) Disneyland Monorail (1959-present) Disneyland Railroad (1955-present) Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage (2007-present) Space Mountain (1977-present) Star ToursâThe Adventures Continue (2011-present) Star Wars Launch Bay (2015-present) Former attractions and entertainment Court of Honor (1955â1956) Phantom Boats (1955â1956) 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Exhibit (1955â1966) A Tour of the West (1955â1960) Hall of Aluminum Fame (1955â1960) Space Station X-1 (1955â1960) The World Beneath Us (1955â1960) Art Corner (1955â1966) Clock of the World (1955â1966) Flight Circle (1955â1966) Hobbyland (1955â1966) Monsanto Hall of Chemistry (1955â1966) Rocket to the Moon (1955â1966) Circle-Vision 360° (1955â1997, re-themed as Rocket Rods Queue) American Dairy Association Exhibit (1956â1958) Bathroom of Tomorrow (1956â1960) Our Future in Colors (1956â1963) Astro Jets (1956â1964) Avenue of the Flags (1956â1966) Skyway to Fantasyland (1956â1994) Viewliner Train of Tomorrow (1957â1958) Midget Autopia (1957â1966) Monsanto House of the Future (1957â1967) Mermaids (1959; 1965â1967) Submarine Voyage (1959â1998) The Art of Animation (1960â1966) Bell Telephone Systems Phone Exhibits (1960â1984) America The Beautiful (1960â1984, 1996â1997) Flying Saucers (1961â1966) New York World's Fair Exhibit (1963â1964) Fashions & Fabrics Through the Ages (1965) Carousel of Progress (1967â1973) Flight to the Moon (1967â1975) Adventure Thru Inner Space (1967â1985) Tomorrowland Stage (1967â1986) PeopleMover (1967â1995) Alpine Gardens (1967â1995) Rocket Jets (1967â1997) America Sings (1974â1988) Mission to Mars (1975â1992) Starcade (1977â2015) Halyx (1981) Magic Journeys (1984â1986) Wonders of China (1984â1994) Captain EO (1986â1997) Magic Eye Theater (1986â2015) Star Tours (1987â2010) Toy Story Funhouse (January 27, 1996 â May 27, 1996)[10] Hamm's Theater with "Hammâs All-Doll Revue" Rocket Rods (1998â2001) Cosmic Waves (1998â2002) American Space Experience (1998â2003) Honey, I Shrunk the Audience (1998â2010) Innoventions (1998â2015) Radio Disney Broadcast Booth (1999â2002) Club Buzz (2001â2006) Captain EO Tribute (2010â2015) Super Hero HQ (2015â2016) Jedi Training Academy (2015-2018) Restaurants and refreshments Redd Rockett's Pizza Port The Spirit of Refreshment Tomorrowland Terrace (currently themed as Galactic Grill) Former restaurants and refreshments Space Bar (1955â1966) Yacht Club (1955â1966) Space Place (1977â1996) Lunching Pad (1977â1998) Shops Autopia's Winner Circle Little Green Men Store Command The Star Trader Tomorrowlanding Former shops The MOD Hatter (1958â2006) Fun Fotos (1960â1966) Premiere Shop (1963â2005) Character Shop (1967â1986) Magic Kingdom
Planetary adornment atop the Astro Orbiter at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom Park See also: List of Magic Kingdom attractions § Tomorrowland History Second Tomorrowland: 1971â1994 The second Tomorrowland opened on October 1, 1971 at the Magic Kingdom in the Walt Disney World Resort, Florida, and, like at Disneyland, was opened unfinished. On opening day, only two attractions opened: the Grand Prix Raceway, and the Skyway to Fantasyland.
Tomorrowland was noted for being very barren and sterile at this time, due to the land being very flat and undetailed. A large orange wall was located past the two large show buildings, and blocked guests from walking further than the Skyway building. The wall had a small stage built into it, and a large outdoor food court sat adjacent to it to compensate for a lack of food venues at the time. It was removed within two years and the Carousel of Progress took its place.
The largest counter service restaurant in the Magic Kingdom was the Tomorrowland Terrace. America the Beautiful opened in November, and Flight to the Moon opened late on Christmas Eve, 1971, due to technical problems. The south show building received an expansion in 1972, which housed If You Had Wings. The south building was further expanded in 1973, opening the Plaza Pavilion, which was an open-air restaurant, and served as a convenient way of getting from Main Street to Tomorrowland quickly.
In 1973, the plans for Tomorrowland were finalized; and for about two years, construction was a common sight. In 1974, Star Jets, a spinner attraction sat on the WEDWay Peoplemover station. It resembled a Saturn V Rocket like its Disneyland cousin, the Rocket Jets. The ride vehicles between the two had some differences. The Disneyland Rockets were more narrow and resembled the central Saturn V rocket more, while the Magic Kingdom's vehicles look more like jets, hence the name "Star Jets".The Space Bar, another restaurant opened below the Peoplemover station.
The next year, Space Mountain and The Carousel of Progress opened on January 15. This was the first Space Mountain to open. It was the first totally indoor roller coaster in Florida and was the first roller coaster to have computer aided designs and use zoning to have 8 trains on the track at a time. Another Railroad station was planned to be built next to the entrance and exit to Space Mountain, but due to crowds in this area, it was never built. Carousel of Progress opened on the same day, and was similar to Disneyland's version except it rotated in the opposite direction. It also had a different song: Instead of "There's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow", the song was "The Best Time of Your Life." In June, the second version of the WEDWay Peoplemover opened. This Peoplemover bore resemblance to Disneyland's, but was different, in that it used linear induction motors. This means that guests could not get stuck to the tracks as they could at Disneyland if they happened to fall out of the vehicle. The only moving parts of the vehicles were the wheels and the sliding doors. The track was similar but instead of it being open air and the vehicles having roofs, the opposite is true here. Unlike Disneyland's, the Peoplemover here never changed height.
This Tomorrowland somewhat resembled Disneyland's Tomorrowland at the time, with large white buildings and clean geometric shapes. The triangular buildings at Disneyland were fully realized, and the opening of the Tomorrowland here had two enormous pylons which cascaded water down into the castle moat. Complementing the Pylons were two large blue triangular walls which also released water into the moat. These waterfalls were often shut off as the slightest change of wind could spray water all over guests. In the early 80's the Waterfalls were turned off for good, and a large mosaic was painted on the blue walls, and some blue stripes were painted on the two pylons.
The colors of Tomorrowland were mainly whites complemented with ocher on the outside. The interior of the buildings were accented with reds, oranges, yellows, and browns. In Old Tomorrowland's later years, the outside colors were changed to pinks, and blues around the Peoplemover tracks.
New Tomorrowland: 1994âpresent Tomorrowland went through a drastic change in 1994. It now resembles Tomorrowland from Disneyland in California slightly, but with more color. Many of the attractions changed. Some classic Tomorrowland attractions that have closed in Disneyland still live on at the Magic Kingdom, including the Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover and the Carousel of Progress, which was moved from Disneyland to Walt Disney World in 1975. A portion of Walt Disney's model display of the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, the first incarnation of what would become Epcot, is also used as a display visible only from the Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover.
For most of its history, Tomorrowland's color scheme was predominantly white with soft blues, creating a retro-modernist landscape. Huge monolithic towers, spires, and clean lines completed the futuristic look. In 1994, using inspiration from Discoveryland at Disneyland Paris, Tomorrowland was completely re-built and altered to resemble a galactic spaceport as it would have been envisioned by the science-fiction comic strips of the early 20th century, like Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers. Tomorrowland has since been given a much more metallic look, along with new darker blues and purples, especially along its main concourse leading from the central hub.
Interesting to note is that the spaceship atop the Cool Scanner misting station is actually a prop from the 1986 film Flight of the Navigator.[11]
On July 9, 2019, the old entrance sign has been removed.[12]
On September 17, 2019, a new entrance sign was built.
On October 27, 2020, Since Walt Disney World reopened, after being temporarily closed during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Walt Disney World announced that all recent entertainment shows are laid off, such as Citizens of Hollywood at Disney's Hollywood Studios and Monsters, Inc. Laugh Floor at Magic Kingdom, due to dispute between the Actors' Equity Association and Walt Disney World.[13][14]
Attractions and entertainment Astro Orbiter (1994-present) Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin (1998-present) Space Mountain (1975-present) Stitch's Alien Encounter Character Greeting! Tomorrowland Speedway (1971-present) Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover (1975-present) Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress (1975-present) Sonny Eclipse and the Amazing Astro Organ Future attractions and entertainment Tron Lightcycle / Run[15] Former attractions and entertainment Flight to the Moon (1971â1975) Skyway to Fantasyland (1971â1999) Circle-Vision 360° (1971â2006) America the Beautiful (1971â1974, 1975â1979) Magic Carpet 'Round The World (1974â1975) American Journeys (1984â1994) The Timekeeper (1994â2006) If You Had Wings (1972â1987) Mission to Mars (1975â1993) Delta Dreamflight (1989â1998) ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter (1995â2003) Push the Talking Trash Can (1995â2014) Tomorrowland Power & Light Co Video Arcade (1995â2015) Incredible Tomorrowland Expo (2013-2017, 2018) iCan Robot (2017-2018) Stitch's Great Escape! (2004-2018) Monsters, Inc. Laugh Floor (2007-2020) Restaurants and refreshments Auntie Gravity's Galactic Goodies Cool Ship Cosmic Ray's Starlight CafĂ© The Lunching Pad at Rockettower Plaza Tomorrowland Terrace Cafe Former restaurants and refreshments The Lunching Pad (Different Location) (1971â1994) Tomorrowland Terrace Cafe (Different Location) (1971â1994) Plaza Pavilion (1973â1994) Space Bar (1974â1994) Shops Buzz Lightyear Shop Merchant of Venus Star Traders Space Mountain Shop (Tomorrowland Power & Light) Future shops Power Supplies (2021) Former shops Mickey's Star Traders Tokyo Disneyland See also: List of Tokyo Disneyland attractions History
Tokyo Disneyland Tomorrowland Tokyo Disneyland's Tomorrowland was designed as a loose copy of Disney World's original Tomorrowland, particularly the main entryway which features nearly identical waterfalls and blue spires flanking the walkway. As is the case with other areas of Tokyo Disneyland, Tomorrowland has fewer attractions and more open spaces than its American counterparts, a move designed to facilitate a larger number of park guests. Notably missing is a PeopleMover-type attraction, whose tracks and ride vehicles have been conspicuous features of other Tomorrowland landscapes.
Although Walt Disney originally intended Tomorrowland to be a "living blueprint" of the future, Tokyo Disneyland's Tomorrowland never directly showcased future technology, instead opting for a science fiction fantasy theme. Prominent attractions supporting this theme include Space Mountain as well as the Pan Galactic Pizza Port, a restaurant that features a large audio-animatronic pizza-making machine operated by a whimsical alien creature named Tony Solaroni.[16] In recent years, older attractions have been replaced with newer ones that feature movie tie-ins: Buzz Lightyear's Astro Blasters and Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek are two examples.
In October 2014 the Oriental Land Company announced a Beauty and the Beast-themed area to be located on the site of the now-closed Grand Circuit Raceway, making Tomorrowland's size significantly smaller.
Attractions and entertainment Buzz Lightyear's Astro Blasters (2004-present) Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek (2009-present) Space Mountain (1983-present) Star ToursâThe Adventures Continue (2013-present) Stitch Encounter (2015-present) Tony Solaroni Show The Happy Ride With Baymax Former attractions and entertainment
Captain EO Eternal Seas (1983â1984) Magic Journeys (1985â1987) Skyway to Fantasyland (1983â1998) Circle-Vision 360° (1983â2002) The Timekeeper (1993â2002) Meet the World (1983â2002) Starcade (1983â2007) MicroAdventure! (1997â2010) Star Tours (1989â2012) Captain EO (1987â1996, 2010â2014) Grand Circuit Raceway (1983â2017) Star Jets (1983â2017) One Man's Dream II: The Magic Lives On (2004-2019) Robo Astro Opus Five Restaurants and refreshments
Pan Galactic Pizza Port
Plaza Restaurant Pan Galactic Pizza Port Plazma Ray's Diner Soft Landing The Popping Pod The Big Pop Tomorrowland Terrace Former restaurants and refreshments Space Place FoodPort Lite Bite Satellite Shops Planet M Monsters, Inc. Company Store Cosmic Encounter Stargazer Supplies Treasure Comet Former shops Solar Ray's Light Supplies Disneyland Park (Paris) Disneyland Park in Paris has a Tomorrowland with an entirely different concept, Discoveryland. European culture was used distinctively in the park and Discoveryland uses the ideas of famed European thinkers and explorers such as Leonardo da Vinci or H. G. Wells, with Jules Verne featured most prominently. This land was heavily inspired by the abandoned Disneyland concept Discovery Bay, which would have sat at the north end of the park's Rivers of America. An example of an attraction is HyperSpace Mountain, an enclosed outer space themed roller coaster with a tongue, which is a 2 inversion element, a corkscrew and objects made to look like spaceships and asteroids.
Architecturally designed using Jules Verne's vision of the future as inspiration, the land is laid out very differently from its predecessors. Many Tomorrowland classics are featured in Discoveryland, such as Autopia and Orbitron, some in an altered way, but Space Mountain is changed the most. Its theme is Steampunk/Clockpunk, with elements of Raygun Gothic.
History Originally conceived as Discovery Mountain, it was originally proposed to hold more than one attraction, including an improved version of Horizons from Epcot, a larger Nautilus walk-through complete with a restaurant and a free-fall ride based on Journey to the Center of the Earth. But due to budget cuts, it opened in 1995 as Space Mountain: De la Terre Ă la Lune (From the Earth to the Moon). Beside the Space Mountain show building is the Nautilus Lagoon, with a walk-through recreation of the Nautilus submarine from 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.
The showcase attraction on opening day was a Circle-Vision 360 film, titled Le Visionarium. The attraction featured an eccentric time-traveling robot and his robotic assistant, who take Jules Verne into the world of today, which is pictured as the future he dreamed of. The attraction was later exported to both the Magic Kingdom and to Tokyo Disneyland.
Space Mountain was completely refurbished in 2005 for the Happiest Celebration on Earth, with a new soundtrack and special effects. Buzz Lightyear Laser Blast opened April 8, 2006, in the former building of Le Visionarium, which closed in September 2004.
Attractions and entertainment Buzz Lightyear Laser Blast (2006-present) Orbitron â Machines Volantes (1992-present) Autopia (1992-present) Les MystĂšres du Nautilus (1994-present) Disneyland Railroad â Discoveryland Station (1992-present) Discoveryland Theatre - Mickey's Philharmagic (Mickey et son Orchestre PhilharMagique) (2018-present) Star Tours: L'Aventure Continue - Star Tours: The Adventures Continue (2017-present) Hyperspace Mountain (2017-present) Starport Former attractions and entertainment Le Visionarium (1992â2004) Space Mountain: From Earth to the Moon (1995â2005) Honey, I Shrunk the Audience (1999â2010) Captain EO (1992â1998; 2010-2015) Star Tours (1992â2016) Space Mountain Mission 2 (2005â2017) Le CafĂ© des Visionnaires Arcade Omega Restaurants and refreshments CafĂ© Hyperion Former restaurants and refreshments Buzz Lightyear's Pizza Planet Restaurant Shops Constellations Star Command Photographs Light Speed Photography Star Traders Hong Kong Disneyland Like the newer generations of the American Tomorrowlands, Hong Kong's version features an emphasis on metallic trim, with many blue and purple hues. In August 2014, UFO Zone was suspended in preparation for "Tomorrowland Party Zone", a stage as part of "Disney's Haunted Halloween".
As part of "Star Wars: Tomorrowland Takeover" event since June 2016, the first three expansion attractions were all closed.[17] On April 5, UFO Zone has been closed in preparation for Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple that premiered on June 25.[18] On May 2, Stitch Encounter was closed and re-themed to "Star Wars: Command Post". On June 11, when the event started, Autopia was closed.
Starting in 2017, with the opening of Stark Expo and the Iron Man Experience,[19] the first Disney attraction to be based on a Marvel property, part of Tomorrowland will transform in phases to become Stark Expo, as part of Hong Kong Disneyland's huge expansion plan (2017-2023). The second phase will see the opening of Ant-Man and the Wasp : Nano Battle! in March 2019,[20] taking over the former Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters building which will be transformed into the S.H.I.E.L.D. Science and Technology Pavilion. The third and last phase will be unveiled in 2023 with the completion of the Marvel area and the opening of the planned E-Ticket Avengers Quinjet, taking over the spot of the former Autopia circuit.
Attractions and entertainment Ant-Man and The Wasp: Nano Battle! (as redesigned to "Stark Expo") (2019-present) Hyperspace Mountain (2016-present) Iron Man Experience (as redesigned to "Stark Expo") (2017-present) Iron Man Tech Showcase â Presented by Stark Industries (as redesigned to "Stark Expo") Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple (2016-present) Orbitron (2005-present) Star Wars: Command Post Future attractions and entertainment Avengers Quinjet Experience (2023) (also parts of "Stark Expo") Former attractions and entertainment Space Mountain: Ghost Galaxy (Halloween seasonal; 2007-2013) Space Mountain (2005-2016) Muppet Mobile Lab (2008â2013) Autopia (2006â2016) Stitch Encounter (2006â2016) UFO Zone (2006â2016) Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters (2005â2017) Restaurants and refreshments BB-8 Snack Cart Comet CafĂ© Starliner Diner Former restaurants and refreshments Flying Saucer Snacks Shops Expo Shop Space Traders Pavilion Gifts Former shops Star Command Suppliers (2005â2017) Shanghai Disneyland Park History Shanghai Disneyland's Tomorrowland is the newest, opening with the resort on June 16, 2016. Unlike the other 5 Tomorrowlands around the world, this one is on the left side of the park instead of being on the right side. Also this Tomorrowland does not feature Space Mountain, and instead features the TRON Lightcycle Power Run. Instead of a classic spinning rockets attraction, Shanghai's park includes a spinning Jet Packs ride. There is a new version of Disney's popular Buzz Lightyear dark ride called Buzz Lightyear Planet Rescue, utilizing new technology different from that of the versions of the ride located at other Disney parks.[21] TRON Realm opened on September 20, 2016 to make it the first expansion for the park.
Tomorrowland at Shanghai Disneyland Attractions and entertainment Avengers Training Initiative Buzz Lightyear Planet Rescue (2016-present) Jet Packs (2016-present) Stitch Encounter (2016-present) TRON Lightcycle Power Run (2016-present) TRON Realm Former attractions and entertainment Star Wars Launch Bay (2016-2019) Restaurants and refreshments Spiral Snacks Stargazer Grill Shops Intergalactic Imports The Light Stuff Power Supplies Former Shops Imperial Trading Station In media The 2010 video game Epic Mickey features a Tomorrowland-esque area named Tomorrow City, which uses elements from the Tron franchise. The fourth season Mad Men episode "Tomorrowland", which premiered in October 2010, is partially set at Disneyland, and at one point, Don Draper and Megan Calvet plot out the Disneyland attractions they will take Draper's children to visit, including Mr. Toad's Wild Ride.[22] The 2015 film Tomorrowland by director Brad Bird, screenwriter Damon Lindelof and starring George Clooney, features a place in another dimension called Tomorrowland that is patterned after the theme park as an eponymous location and plot point.[23] References Strodder, Chris (2017). The Disneyland Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Santa Monica Press. pp. 477â479. ISBN 978-1595800909. Trahan, Kendra; McKim, Brian; Hawkins, Dave (2004). Disneyland Detective: An Independent Guide to Discovering Disney's Legend, Lore, and Magic. Permagrin Publishing. p. 161. ISBN 0971746400. Verrier, Richard (November 10, 1999). "Disney Grounds Skyway Ride at Orlando, Fla., Park". Tribune Business News. Retrieved 2009-11-09. "Disneyland fans complain that Tomorrowland is stuck in the past". Orange County Register. 2019-09-01. Retrieved 2020-05-26. The History of Tomorrowland 2055; a failed Land at Disneyland (YouTube). Fastpass Facts. February 27, 2018. Event occurs at 3:24 to 6:23. Retrieved August 15, 2018. "Retro Space Mountain". Yesterland. "Tomorrowland at Disneyland revamps with Season of the Force ahead of new 'Star Wars' movie release". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 February 2016. Glover, Erin (September 24, 2015). "Details on Season of the Force, Coming November 16 to Disneyland Park in California". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved September 24, 2015. Tuttle, Brittani (21 August 2019). "Disneyland removing rocks in front of Tomorrowland for Project Stardust". Attractions Magazine. Retrieved 24 August 2019. Strodder, Chris Strodder ; illustrated maps by Tristan Tang ; photographs by Chris; Patton, Sheryl (2008). The Disneyland encyclopedia : the unofficial, unauthorized, and unprecedented history of every land, attraction, restaurant, shop, and event in the original Magic Kingdom. Santa Monica, CA: Santa Monica Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-1595800336. Retrieved June 22, 2017 â via Chronology of Disneyland Theme Park 1990-1999. 10 REAL Movie Props in Disney & Universal Studios Theme Parks - Featuring Disney Dan (YouTube). Yesterworld Entertainment. Retrieved 3 May 2018. "Disney removes Tomorrowland entrance sign from Magic Kingdom". "Equity Cast Members Notified of Layoffs at Disney World World". "Full List of All Recent Disney World Entertainment Layoffs". "Rumors Point to 2022 Opening Dates for TRON Lightcycle Run and Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind". Rafferty, Kevin P. (2019). "Pan Galactic Pizza Port". Magic Journey: My Fantastical Walt Disney Imagineering Career. Disney Books Group. ISBN 9781368045148. "Star Wars takes over Hong Kong Disneyland this summer". "Hong Kong Disneyland Reports Second-highest Revenues, Third-highest Attendance and Record Guest Spending". "Hong Kong Disneyland to Open 'Iron Man' Experience in 2016". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-12-07. October 18, Noah Villaverde on; 2018 (2018-10-18). "'Ant-Man And The Wasp' Attraction Opening March 2019 At Hong Kong Disneyland". Heroic Hollywood. Retrieved 2018-12-07. "äžæ”·èżȘćŁ«ć°ŒćșŠććș" [Shanghai Disney Resort] (in Chinese). Alan Sepinall (Oct 18, 2010). "'Mad Men' â 'Tomorrowland': I spill your milkshake! Everyone's looking for a fresh start in the season finale". Hitfix. Breznican, Anthony (28 January 2013). "Disney's mysterious '1952' movie has a new name ... 'Tomorrowland' â EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 29 January 2013. vte Themed lands of Disney theme parks vte Disneyland vte Magic Kingdom vte Tokyo Disneyland vte Disneyland Park (Paris) vte Hong Kong Disneyland vte Shanghai Disneyland Park Categories: Operating amusement attractionsTomorrowlandDisneylandDisneyland Park (Paris)Futures studiesGoogie architectureHong Kong DisneylandMagic KingdomRetrofuturismShanghai Disneyland ParkSpace in amusement parksThemed areas in Walt Disney Parks and ResortsTokyo DisneylandAmusement parks opened in 19551955 establishments in California Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in ArticleTalk ReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons
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đ The Global Network đDisney International Programs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Disney International Programs Disney International Programs logo.svg Former names World Showcase Fellowship Program International Hospitality Program Waterpark/Sports and Recreation Trainee Program International Culinary Trainee Program African Cultural Representative Program International Management Program Walt Disney World International Program Type International internship Established 1982; 39 years ago Parent institution Disney Internships & Programs Affiliation The Walt Disney Company Students 500+ per semester Location Orlando, Florida, United States Campus Urban Language English Newsletter The Communicator US-based Disney College Program Website thedisneyip.com Disney International Programs (previously named the Walt Disney World International Program) is an international internship program operated by the Disney Internships & Programs division of The Walt Disney Company at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in the United States. The program recruits participants and college students (18 years and older) from outside the United States and its territories for year-long cultural exchanges with paid positions and summer-long paid internships working at the Walt Disney World Resort. This program, which is designed to attract international workers and students, shares many similarities with the U.S. based Disney College Program and its philosophy of Living, Learning and Earning. Contents 1 Previous programs 2 Application process 2.1 Eligibility 2.2 Interviews and meetings 3 Current programs 3.1 Cultural Representative Program 3.2 International College Program 3.3 H-2B Alumni Program 4 Experiences of the program 4.1 Living 4.2 Learning 4.3 Earning 5 Housing 5.1 1982â1988 5.2 1988â2020 5.3 Flamingo Crossings Village 6 Coronavirus impact 7 Notes 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Previous programs Originally, Disney International Programs operated several different types of programs. Program length, work locations, job responsibilities, living arrangements, pay and required qualifications varied depending on the program which was applied for. Once all the programs were merged, they became one Walt Disney World International Program, now the Disney International Programs. Previous programs included: World Showcase Fellowship Program: similar to the Cultural Representative Program but with a structured educational program and community involvement. International Hospitality Program: aimed to students fluent in Japanese, Portuguese, French or German, pursuing a career in hospitality. Participants were able to experience different work roles all over the resort. Waterpark/Sports and Recreation Trainee Program: training and development opportunities in Disney's water parks and recreation locations for students interested in the recreation/leisure industry. International Culinary Trainee Program: for participants with 2-3 years of experience in the kitchen area of the food service industry, aiming to develop skills in Disney's food-service locations. African Cultural Representative Program: for African participants working at Disney's Animal Kingdom and/or Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, similar to the Cultural Representative Program. International Management Program: primarily for students who had completed one of the above programs and were considering a management experience at Walt Disney World Resort. Application process Eligibility Eligibility is open to applicants who reside outside the United States or their territories and are not American citizens. Applicants must contact one of the contracted in-country agencies that assist with international applications or the International Casting office with a rĂ©sumĂ© and cover letter. Interviews and meetings Some countries hold a preliminary phone interview before issuing an invitation to a scheduled Disney International Programs presentation and interview. Qualified candidates receive an invitation approximately four weeks prior to the presentation and interview and in some cases, an invitation is issued at the end of the phone interview. Presentations outline key components of the program and provide further information on the program's offerings. In some cases, applicants may have to travel abroad to meet with a recruiter from Disney Worldwide Services. Current programs Over the years, several International Programs were operated and subsequently suspended, a new one was created for Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park and ultimately in 2004, all the Walt Disney World International Programs were combined into two new all-encompassing programs, namely the Walt Disney World Cultural Representative Program and the Walt Disney World International College Program. A new seasonal worker program has also been launched which initially required applicants to have previously completed an International Program in order to be eligible, but this requirement was soon waived due to insufficient applications.[1] The locations and positions available to participants on International Programs vary according to program and preference in that order. Cultural Representative Program China Pavilion at Epcot The Cultural Representative Program (CRP) showcases participants' culture and customs with guests visiting the Walt Disney World Resort, over the course of approximately a year. To qualify for this program, applicants must "authentically represent" one of the countries or regions recreated at a Walt Disney World theme park or resort. During their interview, applicants fill out their role preferences from most interested to least.[2] The applicant's employer may not be Disney once a position has been offered, but an "operating participant" instead, trading within Walt Disney World, in which the participant would not be eligible for the same benefits as regular Disney Cast Members. Participants in the Cultural Representative Program perform their roles at Epcot's World Showcase, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, or a combination of them, while for guest relations positions, participants are assigned to one of the four theme parks or Disney Springs. The Cultural Representative Program has different options open to applicants during their application process, depending on the pavilion's offerings. For example, Norwegian applicants may apply for attractions operator on Frozen Ever After at the Norway Pavilion at Epcot. However, this would not be the same case for applicants from the United Kingdom, since the United Kingdom pavilion does not have an attraction. The exact location for positions varies according to the country the participant represents. International College Program The International College Program (ICP) is a program similarly based on the Disney College Program, designed for international students who are currently enrolled in an accredited semester-program college or university, pursuing a 3-to-4 year degree. Applicants must be between academic years and as such, the program will run during their summer vacation, varying in length. Summer International College Program: students participate in a program similar to the Disney College Program's summer program, which coincides with their summer vacation/holiday from their college or university. This program, with a duration of two to three months, is reserved for students currently enrolled in an accredited semester-program college or university and are pursuing a 3-to-4-year degree.[3] Academic Exchange International College Program: students participate in a program which also mirrors the Disney College Program but may spend up to a full year working at the resort while taking coursework through the DCP and distance-learning at their U.S. sponsoring university. Alternatively, students may spend five months studying at their U.S. sponsoring university and seven months working and taking classes at the Walt Disney World Resort. This program is available to current students and recent university graduates. During their interview, applicants fill out their role preferences, from most interested to least, for their International College Program, often assigned to roles based on seasonal need and may be rotated based on peak time operational needs. Participants in the International College Program may work in any of Walt Disney World's four theme parks, two water parks or on-site resort hotels and are often rotated based on peak-time operational need and may be cross-trained as such from position to position and park to park. H-2B Alumni Program The H-2B Alumni Program allows participants to work at the resort on an H-2B seasonal work visa as a seasonal employee while in the United States. Candidates must complete their current program successfully with a confirmed rehire status and return to school for one semester in their home country before returning on an H-2B visa. The available options for H-2B participants, in regards to available roles, are similar to those for the International College Program. Experiences of the program Just like the Disney College Program, the International Programs emphasize three experiences: Living, Learning and Earning. Living The living experience is similar to the original program's recreational experience. Once the participant has accepted their Disney offer, they can reside in one of four company-sponsored housing units near the Walt Disney World Resort during the duration of the program.[4] Participants are expected to follow certain guidelines in the company-sponsored housing complexes. Apartments are single-gender only, except in the case of a married heterosexual couple, which both have to be accepted into an international program in order to live in a one-bedroom apartment, if they choose this accommodation. Participants go through previously-notified apartment inspections at least twice throughout their program, though the complex administration reserves the right to inspect more than twice. Apartments must be deemed clean to the inspector in order to pass, this includes minimal dishes in the sink or dishwasher, vacuumed floors, clean counter tops, clean bathrooms and organized bedrooms.[5]
Learning The learning experience began in the early 1980s on the Disney College Program as a group of nine seminars on the "philosophies and operating practices" of the various sections of their resort's business.[6] It has grown to include eight different courses, each focusing on a Disney topic, rather than a business area. Most of the courses are approved by the American Council on Education and offer participants the possibility to earn college credit during their program, subject to a decision by the participant's college or university.[7] Classes meet once a week for most of the program and are four hours long, with breaks during peak seasons. Participants are required to utilize textbook readings, write term papers and participate on projects. Additionally, the Disney Exploration Series offers courses focused on business areas as they relate to Disney.
Like every Cast Member, participants must attend Traditions at Disney University, a 4-to-5-hour-long welcome orientation focused on the introduction of the resort, from employment to the company's values, which also symbolizes as their official first day as a Disney Cast Member. Participants are expected to uphold the Disney Look required not only for Traditions but for all types of professional meetings, classes and training. The Disney Look policy follows strict guidelines of Cast Members' appearances, that include natural hair color and style, neutral nail polish color, certain nail length, limited jewelry, facial hair restrictions, etc., varying per gender. Failure to follow these guidelines may result disciplinary action.[8]
Earning The earning experience consists of participants working within their role at the resort[9] who are expected to work in one of four major operating areas: food service, merchandising, attractions and custodial. A fifth area, costuming, offers opportunities to work backstage with performers or in costuming operations. Just like the Disney College Program, Disney International Programs offer opportunities for participants to work in more than 20 different roles.[10]
Housing 1982â1988 From the beginning of the program until 1988, almost all international program participants resided along Disney College Program participants in Snow White Village Campground, an off-property mobile home park and the remainder of Lake Vista Village apartments in Kissimmee. In 1987, a new apartment complex, Vista Way, was opened for both international and college program participants nearby Lake Buena Vista, located much closer to the Disney property. By 1988, all participants were fully relocated out of Snow White Village Campground, which was later converted into a vacationing site.
1988â2020
Entrance to Chatham Square After the opening of Vista Way, and over the years, three additional company-sponsored gated-community apartment complexes opened as the Disney College Program expanded to accommodate more participants: Chatham Square, The Commons and Patterson Court, all adjacently located in Little Lake Bryan, less than three miles away from Vista Way. International Program participants were housed along Disney College Program participants, until March 2020. Initially, The Commons was the only complex where all international participants were housed in after it opened. Participants were provided with fully-furnished apartments, access to recreational amenities, computer labs and housing-sponsored transportation to and from all housing complexes and all work locations, as well as stops at grocery stores, the post office and a leisure route to The Florida Mall. Participants were given options to reside in apartments of up to four bedrooms for up to three roommates per room, upon availability, prior to their arrival date but were not allowed to reside off-site due to conditions in their visas.
Flamingo Crossings Village Flamingo Crossings Village is a new and more modern apartment complex, announced in 2018, that was intended to become the new home of all Orlando International Programs and Disney College Program participants in 2020.[11] However, due to the coronavirus pandemic and its spread to Florida, the opening of Flamingo Crossings Village was delayed and the four existing housing complexes were all closed as part of the previously-established relocation plan.[12] In the wake of the indefinite suspension of the Disney College Program announced in December 2020, and with construction completed, the Walt Disney Company opted to maintain the main purpose of Flamingo Crossings Village apartments by leasing exclusively to company Cast Members.[13]
Coronavirus impact See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company On March 14, 2020, Disney Internships & Programs announced the suspension of the Disney International Programs due to the ongoing worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus and its spread to Florida.[14][15][16] International participants actively enrolled during this time in company-sponsored housing were asked to vacate in a short period of time, as well as Disney College Program and culinary students, providing full credit and completion of the program in return. Shortly after, the Walt Disney World Resort closed operations, initially until April 19, 2020. On April 6, 2020, the suspension of the program was extended to those applicants with May 2020 arrival dates,[17] after The Walt Disney Company extended the closure of its resorts until early June 2020.
On July 2, 2020, Disney Internships & Programs announced the Disney International Programs and the Disney College Program would be suspended for the rest of 2020, as the coronavirus pandemic further impacted operations of both the Walt Disney World Resort and Disneyland Resort.[18][19] On July 14, 2020, less than a week after the Walt Disney World Resort reopened during the coronavirus pandemic, Disney Internships & Programs announced the indefinite suspension of the Cultural Representative Program, impacting those who were actively participating at the time and future participants who were accepted for the Fall 2020 semester.[20]
Notes Prior to 2019, students were required to live in "wellness" or "non-wellness" apartments based on age. Students under the age of 21, were automatically placed in a wellness apartment, deemed alcohol-free. Students over the age of 21 who chose to live in a wellness apartment were also be prohibited from consuming alcohol in their own apartment but allowed to consume in any non-wellness; this rule was discontinued after fall 2019. See also Disney College Program Walt Disney World Resort References "Disney International Programs overview". Disney. Retrieved May 20, 2020. "Job Roles for Disney's Cultural Representative Program". Mouse Unleashed. January 3, 2019. "Dan@Disney". Retrieved January 23, 2012. "Disney College Program - Living". Disney. "Disney College Program housing policies". Disney. Walt Disney World College Program. Walt Disney Productions. 1983. "Disney College Program - Learning DORMS (Disney Onsite Resident Management System)". Disney. Retrieved May 20, 2020. "Disney Look" (PDF). Disney. Retrieved May 20, 2020. "Disney College Program - Earning". Disney. Retrieved May 20, 2020. Schultz, Olivia (June 9, 2017). "Disney College Program Roles". Odyssey. Retrieved June 25, 2020. Storey, Ken (March 27, 2018). "Disney is building 2,600 new apartments for its College Program and that could mean bad things for Vista Way". Orlando Weekly. Retrieved June 25, 2020. Barton, Rebekah (October 20, 2020). "Furnishings Removed From Disney College Program Housing". Inside The Magic. Retrieved December 24, 2020. Sheehy, Keira (December 21, 2020). "NEWS: A Brand New Apartment Complex is Now Available to Disney Cast Members!". AllEars.net. Retrieved December 24, 2020. Carter, Ashley (March 14, 2020). "Disney College Program to be Suspended, Participants Sent Home". News 13. Retrieved March 17, 2020. Russon, Gabrielle (March 14, 2020). "Disney suspends college program, tells students to go home by next week amid coronavirus closures". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved March 17, 2020. Brieskorn, Katlyn (March 14, 2020). "Thousands affected after Disney temporarily suspends college program". KIRO-TV. Retrieved March 17, 2020. Carter, Ashley (April 6, 2020). "Disney to Suspend Remaining Disney Internships and Programs This Month". News 13. Retrieved April 9, 2020. Coffey, Kelly (July 2, 2020). "Fall 2020 Disney College Program Officially Cancelled". Inside the Magic. Retrieved July 2, 2020. Tuttle, Brittani (July 2, 2020). "Disney College Program suspended until further notice at Disneyland, Walt Disney World". Attractions Magazine. Retrieved July 2, 2020. Sheetz, Janelle (July 14, 2020). "News: Disney World's Cultural Representative Programs Have Been Canceled Indefinitely". Disney Food Blog. Retrieved July 14, 2020. External links Disney International Programs website Disney Programs Blog Categories: Internship programsThe Walt Disney CompanyWalt Disney World Navigation menu Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in ArticleTalk ReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version
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