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017
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-03-28 23:38:53]
23:38
Tonight is the Full Crow Moon also known as the Worm Moon and the Sap Moon. Called the Crow Moon for the cawing crows around this time that signal the end of winter. As the earth thaws worms start to appear. And it marks the time when maple sap begins to flow and the annual tapping of maple trees begins.
Tonight's Full Moon will also be a Supermoon. The Supermoon occurs when the Moon is the closest to the earth more than any other time of the year, making the Moon appear up to 30% bigger and brighter than usual. The Supermoon not only affects nature such as the tides and wildlife it also affects us, our emotions will be heightened, our senses will be sharp, things that were hidden or in the shadows can now be seen. A Supermoon amplifies the effects of a normal Moon, we will be feeling ultra-sensitive and emotional at this time. We may find ourselves feeling strong emotions we don't even understand, happy and laughing one minute, teary and sad the next, we may experience weird and vivid dreams. Don't worry this will pass, this is the effect of the Supermoon.
The Spring Equinox has just past us, when both day and night are at equal length we are reminded to find our own inner balance. focus inward toward inner wisdom and self-analysis. This Full Moon is in the sign of Libra, this will give us a keen eye for detail, we will see things and people and situations in our lives with crystal clarity, a light will be illuminated allowing us to see beyond the shadows. This is a time of cultivating and growing, just as the Suns energy and nature is doing at this time. Plant the seeds of new ventures, plan for the future, think about what it is you want and need and set about putting a plan into action. Use this energy for your own personal transformation, rebirth and regrowth.
Tonight's Full Moon illuminates our inner feelings and desires, so emotions can be quite raw and enhanced. The Libra Full Moon means we may be over critical of ourselves and of others, try not to see the bad in everything instead look for the good. The Libra sign is a very hard working and practical sign so use its energy for getting jobs done that you have been putting off for a while. Libra is not scared to face deep issues so tackle any problems and bring them to an end.
This Full Moon brings light to whatever was hidden in the darkness or buried within the subconscious such as emotional pain or our deepest desires, but once awareness happens you are able to make realistic changes. Our emotional levels move like strong turbulent waves in the ocean during high tide for some during this Full Moon. Emotional reactions may be strong, energies may feel irritable or uptight. We are amidst great times of transformation which are heralding major new beginnings. Change isn't always easy or comfortable and itâs constant, so we must strive to keep our balance during these changing tides.
The world as it stands is challenged by many opposing forces now. We feel them both personally and collectively, pushing against our own will, raising difficult questions, triggering issues we would rather avoid. How we keep our own balance of light and dark and manage our own inner conflicts largely dictates how we manage outside ones. If we struggle with our own anger or hatred, telling ourselves we shouldnât feel this way, we will struggle to respond effectively to the anger of others, allow yourself to feel angry or upset, but don't let it take over, keep a balance. If we fear our own power, preferring to see ourselves as victim rather than creator we may succumb to the power wielded by others, adopting their thoughts and priorities, behaviours and lifestyles without discerning the right path for us. If we refuse to acknowledge our own inner selfishness that demands its own way no matter what, we may project it onto the world around us, pointing the finger of judgement and even becoming a bully. Don't suppress your feelings, embrace your light and your dark sides as one cannot exist without the other. We need both. Let go of guilt and allow yourself to feel what you're feeling without self-judgement.
Let the energy of this Full Moon wash over you and cleanse your spirit, use it to heal you both emotionally and physically. Let the moonlight bathe and sooth you mind, body and soul. let the air element of Libra blow away negativity. Stay away from self-doubt. Seek a balance of light and dark and see the truth in your life however much it may hurt, only then can you do something about it and begin to heal.
Have a blessed Full Moon, may the Goddess watch over you
014
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-03-27 15:20:12]
15:19
LĂrdag och regn - svaret pĂ„ detta? - Vintergatan 5B maraton
15:20
hehe
013
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-03-08 19:22:06]
19:19
28. Always question a person's gender - just in case it's really a man.
29. On the internet, all girls are men, and all kids are undercover FBI agents or Justice Decoys.
30. There are NO girls on the internet.
30.1. Rule 30 only applies to the deep internet.
30.2. If girls are found on the deep internet, CODE RED, RED ALERT, ALL SYSTEMS BREACHED!
012
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-02-05 19:11:39]
19:11
THE JUNIOR WOODCHUCKS RULES DOCUMENT
detta dokument Àr offentliga för alla gröngölingar
nedskrivet av general fredrik lindkvist
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REGEL NUMMER 0 - Dina vÀnner kommer ALLTID först - priset kommer ALLTID sist
1 - always tell the truth
X 2 - var alltid öppen i jakten pÄ det okÀnda
3 - bÀr alltid Gröngölingshandboken med dej
4 - ge aldrig upp - oavsett hur svÄrt det verkar
5 - BÀr alltid uniform inom gröngölingsomrÄden
6 - en gröngöling klarar svÄrigheter med glatt humör
X 7 - work harder, make your self better and try again
X 8 - en gröngöling Àr alltid sann mot sej sjÀlv och andra
9 - ha alltid ett bÀrbart batteri med dej
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10 - ha alltid kontanter med dej
11 - packa din vÀska kvÀllen före din resa
12 - var alltid beredd pÄ det ovÀntade
13 - missbruka inte din grads stÀllning
14 - det Àr bÀttre att be om lov, Àn att söka förlÄtelse
15 - TĂ€nk alltid kritiskt
16 - Àven klÀder kan anvÀndas till förband
X 17 - A Woodchuck always looks out for his fellow woodchucks, no matter the costs
X 18 - every action has an oppesite reaction
19 - lyssna mer Àn du pratar - du kanske lÀr dej nÄgot
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20 - en bra plan börjar med ett enda steg
21 - tÀnk ofta -outside the box-
22 - Set Your Priorities Right
23 - ingen stÄr över reglerna
24 - peppar och salt passar till allt
25 - Pick the right campsite
26 - var inte en hjÀlte, utan va en riktig hjÀlte
27 - stÄ för dina misstag - du lÀr dej bÀttre dÄ
28 - du fÄr inte ljuga under ED
29 - du ska inte stjÀla
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30 - ha alltid en plan - dÄ Àr det lÀttare att improvisera
31 - var tyst och lyssna alltid mer Àn vad du pratar - du kanske lÀr dej nÄgot vÀrdefullt
32 - en förlust Àr inte ett nederlag - utan ett nytt sÀtt att inte vinna pÄ
33 - Ăr dörren lĂ„st - ta "fönstervĂ€gen"
34 - Du ska aldrig fuska
35 - solen gĂ„r upp i ĂST och ner i VĂST
36 - Better safe then sorry
37 - var alltid utvilad kvÀllen före en utmaning
38 - when you hear thunder, go under cover
39 - om du har trÄkigt pÄ din resa, spela vÀgspel
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40 - tro inte pÄ vad folk sÀger - dubbelkolla!
41 - behöver du nÄgot - sÀg till den ansvarige
X 42 - bygg alltid rÀtt frÄn början och lÀgg inte till onödiga modifigeringar
43 - Ăr du orolig, Ă€t mat. det Ă€r dumt att oroa sej pĂ„ tom mage
44 - I nÀrkamp - slÄss med din heder, inte dina nÀvar
45 - There will always be more drama than what you just saw.
46 - Kunskapen Àr inte mÄlet pÄ resan, utan det Àr sjÀlva resan till mÄlet som Àr kunskapen
47 - Never forget where you come from
48 - "Gör det med stil, eller lÄt bli!"
49 - var alltid rÀttvis mot dina gröngölings kamrater
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50 - underskatta aldrig ditt team
51 - bÀr alltid en kniv i skogen
52 - Àr det mörka moln pÄ himmelen - ta med dej ett paraply
53 - Not everyone tells the truth on the Internet
54 - tÀnk alltid minst 3 steg i förvÀg
55 - det Àr en stor skillnad pÄ att springa ivÀg och att göra en taktisk retrÀtt
56 - "Ett ögonblicks vankelmodighet kan bli ditt fall."
57 - "The least likely can be the most dangerous."
58 - "I dom lugnaste vatten simmar dom farligaste fiskarna!"
59 - "Bered dig pÄ strid men kÀmpa för fred."
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60 -"Know the conflict within before facing the conflict without."
61 - "A moment of indecision can be your last."
62 - "In confusion there is opportunity."
63 - "A moment of indecision can be your last."
64 - "Hunters drive; targets park."
65 - "Strike first, strike fast, strike hard."
66 - "Blame someone else before they blame you."
67 - "You have to know where you are before you know what to do."
68 - "Strength is more than physical."
69 - "A good shot is worth more than a good intention."
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70 - "don't break rules, just bend them - a lot."
71 - "Things are never as good as they seem."
72 - "Truth is revealed in the smallest detail."
73 - "It's not who's the fastest, it's who reaches the finish line."
74 - "Caution can never be overused."
75 - "Be brief of speech and long on action."
76 -"To know others you must first know yourself."
77 - The past is the greatest teacher."
X 78 - "A battle front is only as good as its supply line."
79 - "Keep shooting; eventually you're bound to hit something."
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80 - programmera in ICE - in case of emergency - i din telefon
81 - "Om du inte lyckas första gÄngen, sÄ försök igen."
82 - skriv bÄde i mobilens kalender och pÄ en papperskalender
83 - ha alltid ett matförÄd för minst 2 mÄnader
84 - ha alltid en buffert för din ekonomi
85 - skapa gÀrna ett veckoschema
86 - BÀckar och floder rinner alltid söderut
87 - planera i god tid
88 - gör alltid din gröngölingsplikt till din bÀsta förmÄga
89 - If a site looks serious it doesnât mean itâs a trusted site.
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90 - Àr det dimma, stanna dÀr du Àr
99 - du har ett huvud - ANVĂND DET DĂ
!!!
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100 - work smarter and not harder
110 -
112 -
113 -
114 -
115 -
116 -
117 -
118 -
119 -
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120 -
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130 -
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140 -
148 -
149 -
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150 -
151 -
152 -
153 - Àr det tungt Àr det dyrt
154 -
155 -
156 -
157 -
158 -
159 -
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160 -
161 -
X 162 - A junior Woodchuck always looks out for his fellow woodchucks, no matter the costs
163 -
164 -
165 -
166 -
167 -
168 - du ska alltid vara diskret
169 -
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REGLER OM KĂLLKRITIK
170 - vem skrev informationen
171 - vad Àr kÀllan till denna information
172 - vart har det publicerats
173 - nÀr publicerades informationen
174 -
175 -
176 -
177 -
178 -
179 -
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180 -
181 -
182 - om patrullchefen Àr sjuk sÄ gÄr ansvaret över till vice patrullchefen
183 -
184 -
185 -
186 -
187 -
188 -
189 -
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190 -
191 -
192 -
193 -
194 -
195 -
196 -
197 -
198 -
199 -
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REGLER OM ADMINISTRATION
200 - skriv alltid en loggbok för varje uppdrag / hÀndelse / lÀger mm
201 - maila dessa dokument den 25 varje mÄnad till din Distriktsmogul
202 - gör alltid kopior pÄ allt ditt material
203 - spara viktiga nummer i en handskriven lista
210 - Ha ett stort telefon kontaktstrÀd
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211 - alla kommuner mÄste ha 1 Stormogul och minst 2 vice Stormoguler
212 -
213 -
214 -
215 -
216 -
X 217 - rub all documents with a pencil
218 -
219 - "Ăventyret kan dyka upp pĂ„ de mest ovĂ€ntade stĂ€llen."
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220 - Always register with your local service provider.
221 - If you fail in epic proportions, it may just become a winning failure.
222 - If it exists, there is a YouTube of it.
223 - If it exists, there is an Instagram of it.
224 - If it exists, there is a twitter of it.
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230 -
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240 -
245 - When one sees a lion, one must get into the car.
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250 -
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REGLER TILL SJĂSS
260 - simma aldrig för lÄngt ut
261 - gÄ upp om du kÀnner dej kall
262 - överbelasta aldrig din bÄt
263 - bada aldrig ensam
264 - kolla hur djupt vattnet Àr innan du badar
265 - tala om vart du ska och hur lÀnge du ska vara borta
266 - anvÀnd alltid en godkÀnnd flytvÀst
267 - kolla sÄ bÄten Àr hel innan avfÀrd
268 - alkohol och bÄtvett hör inte ihop
269 - stanna kvar vid bÄten om den kantrar
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270 - ABC - Andning, Blödning, Chock
271 - SOS Alarm - 112
277 - ge alltid bra kritik framför dÄlig kritik
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280 -
287 -
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290 -
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REGLER OM DIN GRĂNGĂLINGS UNIFORM
300 - om du inte Àr i tjÀnst, bÀr alltid din gröngölingshalsduk
307 - du ska alltid bÀra din gröngölings uniform pÄ officiellatillstÀllningar
INGA UNDANTAG oavsett grad
311 - "LÀr kÀnna den inre konflikten innan du tar itu med den yttre."
332 - If it exists, someone is offended by it, no exceptions.
376 - There is a forum of it, no exceptions.
378 - Fall with dignity and grace
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400 -
X 413 - never speak bad of fellow woodchucks
436 - There will always be more drama than what you just saw.
450 - det Àr inte tillÄtet att delta i nÄgon typ av protester i din gröngölingsuniform
469 - Everything IRL is on the internet.
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REGLER OM SĂKERHET
500 - Utse ALLTID 2 st eldvakter
501 - slÀck elden med jord och inte med vatten
502 - Never Travel in the Dark
503 - Sleep Above the Ground
504 - Do Not Use Dirty Water to Clean Wounds
505 - Stay Calm!
506 - Eldglöd kan bli skogsdöd!
507 - Collect Rain Water
508 - gÄ inte ut i snön med blöta skor
509 -
510 -
511 -
512 - djur och barn kommer först vid rÀddningar
513 -
563 - bada aldrig ensam
581 - The trolls will NEVER be gone. No exceptions.
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600 -
618 - Copy 'n paste is made to ruin every last bit of originality
659 - Buddy system - 2 and 2 is a go - 1 and 1 is never done
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REGLER INOM BYGGNADER
700 - lÀr dej alla utrymningsvÀgar
701 -
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710 -
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720 -
X 726 - always check every bridge for stability
X 727 - the bravest thing a woodchuck can do in the face of danger is to walk away
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732 - respect nature and the nature will respect you
733 - naturen kommer inte att samarbeta med dej
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800 -
826 - BÀr alltid starkt fÀrgade klÀder i skogen
X 841 - there is always a way around
X 843 - if a bear you spy, string your food up high
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REGLER INOM BYGGNADER
900 - lÄs alltid din ytterdörr nÀr du gÄr hemifrÄn
901 - stÀng alltid av din spis
902 - du slÀckte vÀl alla levande ljus?
917 -
918 -
999 - Everything is a repost. No exceptions.
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1000 -
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1056 - om du fÄtt en ledarroll - skriv en utförlig rapport om allt du gör!!!
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1100 -
X 1118 - always be truthful to your crew
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1200 - gröngöling Àr man livet ut - glöm aldrig det!
011
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-02-02 18:57:39]
18:55
SKOLANS BETYGSSYSTEM MATEMATIK ENGELSKA SVENSKA MODERNA SPRĂ
K
Grundskolans betygssystem
Betygssystemet idag Àr över en sexgradig skala frÄn A till F. F innebÀr att man Àr underkÀnd i det Àmnet man det betyget i. E Àr ett godkÀnt betyg D till A Àr bÀttre betyg. Betyg fÄr elever frÄn Ärskurs 6 och upp till Ärskurs 9. Det Àr bara i sprÄkvalet dÀr betyg ges frÄn Ärskurs 7. I Ärskurserna 6 till 8 sÄ ges det terminsbetyg mot slutet av höstterminen och vÄrterminen. I Ärskurs 9 dÀr fÄr man ett terminsbetyg fÄr man som tidigare ett betyg mot slutet av höstterminen medan man efter vÄrterminen fÄr ett slutbetyg. Eleverna anvÀnder sedan slutbetygen nÀr man ska söka in pÄ ett gymnasiet.
NÀr lÀrarna sÀtter betyg sÄ Àr det viktigt att de har utnyttjat allt information som kan finnas om de kunskaper som en elev har gentemot de kunskapskrav som det nationellt sett stÀlls pÄ elever. LÀrarna ska inte enbart gÄ pÄ kunskap som elever uppvisat under den terminen utan det Àr viktigt att de gör en allmÀn bedömning pÄ de kunskaper som en elev besitter fram till den dag dÄ betyg sÀtts.
Betygsskalan Ă€r satt efter vilken kunskap som eleverna besitter och som sĂ€tts efter de nationella kunskapskrav som finns. F Ă€r ett underkĂ€nt betyg, det fĂ„r man om man inte har de grundlĂ€ggande kraven för att fĂ„ betyg E. Ăven om betygsskalan Ă€r i 6 steg sĂ„ Ă€r betygskraven satta i efter 3 steg. Det Ă€r kunskapskrav för att nĂ„ betygen E, C samt ett A. Det finns precisa krav för vad som krĂ€vs för att erhĂ„lla dessa betyg. Kunskapskraven för B och D bygger pĂ„ de kunskapskrav som Ă€r satta för A och C. Det vill sĂ€ga ett betyg B kan man fĂ„ om man klarat nivĂ„n för ett C samt att man har en övervĂ€gande kunskap för att nĂ„ A. Ett betyg D kan man fĂ„ om man har de grundlĂ€ggande kraven för ett E samt en övervĂ€gande del för ett betyg C.
Det kanske inte alltid Àr enkelt att göra dessa bedömningar om vilka kunskaper som en elev har men det finns material som ger ett stöd för lÀrare nÀr de ska sÀtta betygen.
Om man jĂ€mför detta betygssystem med det gamla betygssystemet som bara hade steg hade 4 steg IG â icke godkĂ€nt, G - godkĂ€nd, VG â vĂ€l godkĂ€nt samt MVG â mycket vĂ€l godkĂ€nd. SĂ„ Ă€r det med det nya systemet enklare att fĂ„ ett godkĂ€nt betyg och svĂ„rare för att fĂ„ ett A. NivĂ„n för ett icke godkĂ€nt betyg Ă€r densamma. Med andra ord sĂ„ stĂ€lls det högre krav för att fĂ„ det högsta godkĂ€nda betyget i det nya systemet.
De olika betygsskalorna ger ocksĂ„ poĂ€ng som man dĂ„ rĂ€knar vid ansökningar till gymnasiet. Ett godkĂ€nt E i betyg ger 10 poĂ€ng, D ger 12,5 poĂ€ng, C 15 poĂ€ng, B 17,5 poĂ€ng och ett A ger 20 poĂ€ng. Ăven detta Ă€r mera utspritt jĂ€mfört med det gamla systemet dĂ€r ett G gav 10 poĂ€ng, VG gav 15 poĂ€ng och ett MVG gav 20 poĂ€ng. Med andra ord sĂ„ var det lĂ€ttare att fĂ„ fullt 20 poĂ€ng i det gamla systemet dĂ€r kunskapsnivĂ„n för ett MVG lĂ„g vid ett B.
Andra viktiga skolÀmnen
HjÀlp för elever med svÄrigheter
LÀs om rÀtten till lÀxhjÀlp
Bra att veta inför Äk 7-9
sÀhköasentaja vantaa
Svenska skolans utveckling
010 - Filione
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-02-01 09:50:41]
09:50
Filione
Storlek jĂ€mfört med Jorden: Filione Ă€r ungefĂ€r 2 Âœ gĂ„nger sĂ„ stor som Jorden.
Ă
rets lÀngd: 87 dagar.
Dygnets lÀngd: 2 jorddygn 10 timmar 14 minuter.
AtmosfÀr: Liknar Jordens med KvÀve och Syre, men har ocksÄ lite
Metangas.Det Àr dÀrför Mira och de andra tycker att det luktar
unket pÄ Filione.
Ytan: Filione Àr nÀstan helt tÀckt av skog. Under
ytan finns det gigantiska underjordiska sjöar,
men det enda vattnet pÄ jordytan Äterfinns
i bÀckar och mindre Äar.
Medelgravitation: 11,53 m/sekÂČ. En
mÀnniska Àr nÄgot tyngre Àn pÄ Jorden.
Livsformer: Filione Àr tÀckt med trÀd,
buskar och annan vÀxtlighet.
Planeten befolkas mest av fÄglar
och insekter, men Àr Àven
hemvist för det mytomspunna
Pentafolket.
SevÀrdheter: Inga större
sevÀrdheter,men de som
haft turen att fÄ uppleva
en av Pentafolkets dygnslÄnga
midsommarfester ÄtervÀnder
gÀrna gÄng pÄ gÄng.
009
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-01-30 22:20:41]
22:20
Walt Disney World
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
Walt Disney World Resort
Walt Disney World Logo 2018.svg
The Most Magical Place on Earth
Magic Kingdom - Cinderella Castle panorama - by mrkathika.jpg
Cinderella Castle in Magic Kingdom
Industry
Theme parks
Resorts
Founded October 1, 1971; 49 years ago
Founders
Walt Disney
Roy Disney
Walt Disney Imagineering
Headquarters Lake Buena Vista and Bay Lake, Florida, U.S.
Key people Jeff Vahle (President)[1]
Number of employees 77,000+[2]
Parent
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products
Website Official website Edit this at Wikidata
Walt Disney World
Theme parks
Magic KingdomEpcotDisney's Hollywood StudiosDisney's Animal Kingdom
Water parks
Disney's Typhoon LagoonDisney's Blizzard Beach
Other attractions
Disney SpringsESPN Wide World of Sports Complex
Hotels
Walt Disney World Resorts
Transport
Disney TransportWalt Disney World Monorail SystemDisney Skyliner
vte
Coordinates: 28.4038°N 81.5794°W
The Walt Disney World Resort, also called Walt Disney World and Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in the United States, near the cities of Orlando and Kissimmee. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It was first operated by Walt Disney World Company. The property covers nearly 25,000 acres (39 sq mi; 101 km2), of which half has been used.[3] The resort comprises four theme parks (consisting of Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Disney's Animal Kingdom), two water parks, 27 themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs.
Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. "The Florida Project", as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a test bed for new city-living innovations. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during the initial planning of the complex. After his death, the company wrestled with the idea of whether to bring the Disney World project to fruition. However, Walt's older brother, Roy, came out of retirement to make sure Walt's biggest dream was realized. Construction started in 1967, with the company instead building a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning the experimental concepts for a planned community. Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot (1982), Disney's Hollywood Studios (1989), and Disney's Animal Kingdom (1998). It was Roy who insisted the name of the entire complex be changed from Disney World to Walt Disney World, ensuring that people would remember that the project was Walt's dream.
In 2018, Walt Disney World was the most visited vacation resort in the world, with an average annual attendance of more than 58 million.[4] The resort is the flagship destination of Disney's worldwide corporate enterprise and has become a popular staple in American culture. In 2020, Walt Disney World was chosen to host the NBA Bubble for play of the 2019â20 season of the NBA to resume at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex. In 2020, Disney World began laying off 6,500 employees and began operating at 25% capacity after reopening from the COVID-19 pandemic.[5][6]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Planning and construction
1.1.1 Conception
1.1.2 Roy Disney's oversight of construction
1.2 1980sâpresent
1.3 Timeline
1.4 Future expansion
2 Location
3 Attractions
3.1 Theme parks
3.2 Water parks
3.3 Other attractions
3.4 Golf and recreation
3.5 Former attractions
4 Resorts
4.1 On-site Disney resorts
4.2 On-site non-Disney hotels
4.3 Former resorts
4.4 Never-built resorts
4.5 Disney's Magical Express
5 Attendance
6 Operations
6.1 Transportation
6.2 Employment
6.3 Energy use
6.4 Corporate culture
6.5 Security
6.6 Closures
7 Climate
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History
Planning and construction
Conception
Walt Disney (left) with his brother Roy O. Disney (right) and then Governor of Florida W. Haydon Burns (center) on November 15, 1965, publicly announcing the creation of Disney World
In 1959, Walt Disney Company began looking for land to house a second resort to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955. Market surveys at the time revealed that only 5% of Disneyland's visitors came from east of the Mississippi River, where 75% of the population of the United States lived. Additionally, Walt Disney disliked the businesses that had sprung up around Disneyland and wanted more control over a larger area of land in the next project.[7]
Walt Disney flew over a potential site in Orlando, Floridaâone of manyâin November 1963. After witnessing the well-developed network of roads and taking the planned construction of both Interstate 4 and Florida's Turnpike into account, with McCoy Air Force Base (later Orlando International Airport) to the east, Disney selected a centrally located site near Bay Lake.[8] The development was referred to in-house as "The Florida Project,".[9] To avoid a burst of land speculation, Walt Disney World Company used various dummy corporations to acquire 30,500 acres (48 sq mi; 123 km2) of land.[8] In May 1965, some of these major land transactions were recorded a few miles southwest of Orlando in Osceola County. In addition, two large tracts totaling $1.5 million were sold, and smaller tracts of flatlands and cattle pastures were purchased by exotically named companies such as the "Ayefour Corporation", "Latin-American Development and Management Corporation" and the "Reedy Creek Ranch Corporation". Some are now memorialized on a window above Main Street, U.S.A. in Magic Kingdom. The smaller parcels of land acquired were called "outs". They were five-acre (2 ha) lots platted in 1912 by the Munger Land Company and sold to investors. Most of the owners in the 1960s were happy to get rid of the land, which was mostly swamp at the time. Another issue was the mineral rights to the land, which were owned by Tufts University. Without the transfer of these rights, Tufts could come in at any time and demand the removal of buildings to obtain minerals. Eventually, Disney's team negotiated a deal with Tufts to buy the mineral rights for $15,000.[10]
Working strictly in secrecy, real estate agents unaware of their client's identity began making offers to landowners in April 1964 in parts of southwest Orange and northwest Osceola counties. The agents were careful not to reveal the extent of their intentions, and they were able to negotiate numerous land contracts with some including large tracts of land for as little as $100 an acre.[11] With the understanding that the recording of the first deeds would trigger intense public scrutiny, Disney delayed the filing of paperwork until a large portion of the land was under contract.[12]
Early rumors and speculation about the land purchases assumed possible development by NASA in support of the nearby Kennedy Space Center, as well as references to other famous investors such as Ford, the Rockefellers, and Howard Hughes.[12] An Orlando Sentinel news article published weeks later on May 20, 1965, acknowledged a popular rumor that Disney was building an "East Coast" version of Disneyland. However, the publication denied its accuracy based on an earlier interview with Disney at Kennedy Space Center, in which he claimed a $50 million investment was in the works for Disneyland, and that he had no interest in building a new park.[12] In October 1965, editor Emily Bavar from the Sentinel visited Disneyland during the park's 10th-anniversary celebration. In an interview with Disney, she asked him if he was behind recent land purchases in Central Florida. Bavar later described that Disney "looked like I had thrown a bucket of water in his face" before denying the story.[12] His reaction, combined with other research obtained during her Anaheim visit, led Bavar to author a story on October 21, 1965, where she predicted that Disney was building a second theme park in Florida.[12] Three days later after gathering more information from various sources, the Sentinel published another article headlined, "We Say: 'Mystery Industry' Is Disney".[12]
Walt Disney had originally planned to publicly reveal Disney World on November 15, 1965, but in light of the Sentinel story, Disney asked Florida Governor Haydon Burns to confirm the story on October 25. His announcement called the new theme park "the greatest attraction in the history of Florida".[12] The official reveal was kept on the previously planned November 15 date, and Disney joined Burns in Orlando for the event.[12]
Roy Disney's oversight of construction
Roy O. Disney inspecting design plans on-site in Florida
Walt Disney died from circulatory collapse caused by lung cancer on December 15, 1966, before his vision was realized.[13] His brother and business partner, Roy O. Disney, postponed his retirement to oversee construction of the resort's first phase.
On February 2, 1967, Roy O. Disney held a press conference at the Park Theatres in Winter Park, Florida. The role of EPCOT was emphasized in the film that was played. After the film, it was explained that for Disney World, including EPCOT, to succeed, a special district would have to be formed: the Reedy Creek Improvement District with two cities inside it, Bay Lake and Reedy Creek, now Lake Buena Vista. In addition to the standard powers of an incorporated city, which include the issuance of tax-free bonds, the district would have immunity from any current or future county or state land-use laws. The only areas where the district had to submit to the county and state would be property taxes and elevator inspections.[7] The legislation forming the district and the two cities was signed into law by Florida Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr. on May 12, 1967.[14] The Supreme Court of Florida then ruled in 1968 that the district was allowed to issue tax-exempt bonds for public projects within the district, despite the sole beneficiary being Walt Disney Productions.
The original logo of Walt Disney World from 1971 to the mid 1990s; this logo is still used as an alternate logo, mainly for retro-themed merchandise.
The district soon began construction of drainage canals, and Disney built the first roads and the Magic Kingdom. The Contemporary Resort Hotel and Polynesian Village were also completed in time for the park's opening on October 1, 1971.[15][16] The Palm and Magnolia golf courses near Magic Kingdom had opened a few weeks before, while Fort Wilderness opened one month later. Twenty-four days after the park opened, Roy O. Disney dedicated the property and declared that it would be known as "Walt Disney World" in his brother's honor. In his own words: "Everyone has heard of Ford cars. But have they all heard of Henry Ford, who started it all? Walt Disney World is in memory of the man who started it all, so people will know his name as long as Walt Disney World is here." After the dedication, Roy Disney asked Walt's widow, Lillian, what she thought of Walt Disney World. According to biographer Bob Thomas, she responded, "I think Walt would have approved." Roy Disney died at age 78 on December 20, 1971, less than three months after the property opened.[17]
Admission prices in 1971 were $3.50 for adults, $2.50 for juniors under age 18, and one dollar for children under twelve.[15]
1980sâpresent
Much of Walt Disney's plans for his Progress City were abandoned after his death and after the company board decided that it did not want to be in the business of running a city. The concept evolved into the resort's second theme park, EPCOT Center, which opened in 1982 (renamed EPCOT in 1996). While still emulating Walt Disney's original idea of showcasing new technology, the park is closer to a world's fair than a "community of tomorrow". One of EPCOT's main attractions is their world's showcase which highlights 11 countries across the globe. Some of the urban planning concepts from the original idea of EPCOT would instead be integrated into the community of Celebration much later. The resort's third theme park, Disney-MGM Studios (renamed Disney's Hollywood Studios in 2008), opened in 1989 and is inspired by show business.
In the early 1990s, the resort was seeking permits for expansion. There was considerable environmentalist push-back, and the resort was convinced to engage in mitigation banking. In an agreement with The Nature Conservancy and the state of Florida, Disney purchased 8,500 acres of land adjacent to the park for the purpose of rehabilitating wetland ecosystems. The Disney Wilderness Preserve was established in April 1993, and the land was subsequently transferred to The Nature Conservancy.[18] The Walt Disney Company provided additional funds for landscape restoration and wildlife monitoring.[19]
The resort's fourth theme park, Disney's Animal Kingdom, opened in 1998.
George Kalogridis was named president of the resort in December 2012, replacing Meg Crofton, who had overseen the site since 2006.
On January 21, 2016, the resort's management structure was changed, with general managers within a theme park being in charge of an area or land, instead of on a functional basis as previously. Theme parks have already had a vice-president overseeing them. Disney Springs and Disney Sports were also affected. Now hotel general managers manage a single hotel instead of some managing multiple hotels.[20]
On April 8, 2017, the show Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway was broadcast live to the UK from the park.
On October 18, 2017, it was announced that resort visitors could bring dogs to Disney's Yacht Club Resort, Disney's Port Orleans Resort â Riverside, Disney's Art of Animation Resort and Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground.[21]
In 2019, Josh D'Amaro replaced George Kalogridis as President of the resort. He had previously held the position of Vice President of Animal Kingdom.[22] D'Amaro was subsequently promoted to Chairman of Disney Parks, Experiences, and Products in May 2020, succeeding Bob Chapek who was promoted to CEO of The Walt Disney Company in February 2020. Jeff Vahle, who served as president of Disney Signature Experiences subsequently took over as President of the resort.[23]
In 2020, Walt Disney World was chosen to host the NBA Bubble for play of the 2019â20 season of the NBA to resume at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex.
Timeline
Some popular Disney characters (from left to right): Goofy, Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse, and Minnie Mouse can be found throughout the resort.
Year Event
1965 Walt Disney announced Florida Project
1966 Walt Disney died of lung cancer at age 65
1967 Construction of Walt Disney World Resort began
1971 Magic Kingdom opened
Palm and Magnolia Golf Courses opened
Disney's Contemporary Resort opened
Disney's Polynesian Village Resort opened
Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground opened
Roy O. Disney died at age 78
1972 Disney's Village Resort opened
1973 The Golf Resort opened
1974 Discovery Island opened
1975 Walt Disney Village Marketplace opened
1976 Disney's River Country opened
1980 Walt Disney World Conference Center opened
1982 EPCOT Center opened
1986 The Golf Resort was expanded and renamed The Disney Inn
1988 Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa opened
Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort opened
1989 Disney-MGM Studios opened
Disney's Typhoon Lagoon opened
Pleasure Island opened
1990 Disney's Yacht and Beach Club resorts open
Walt Disney World Swan opens
Walt Disney World Dolphin opens
1991 Disney's Port Orleans Resort French Quarter opens
Disney Vacation Club is launched
Disney's Old Key West Resort opens
1992 Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside (formerly known as Dixie Landings) opens
Bonnet Creek Golf Club opens
1994 Disney's All-Star Sports Resort and Disney's All-Star Music Resort opens
Disney's Wilderness Lodge opens
The Disney Inn is leased and then purchased by the U.S. Department of Defense and is renamed Shades of Green
1995 Disney's Blizzard Beach opens
Disney's Wedding Pavilion opens
Walt Disney World Speedway opens
1996 EPCOT Center is renamed Epcot
Disney Institute opens
Disney's BoardWalk Inn and BoardWalk Villas opens
Fantasia Gardens opens
1997 Disney's Coronado Springs Resort opens
Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex opens
Downtown Disney West Side opens
1998 Disney's Animal Kingdom opens
DisneyQuest opens
1999 Winter Summerland opens
Disney's All-Star Movies Resort opens
Discovery Island closes
Hurricane Floyd closes the resort for the first time in its history on September 15.[24]
2000 The Villas at Disney's Wilderness Lodge opens
2001 Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge opens
Disney's River Country closes
On September 11, a series of terrorist attacks closes the resort for the second time due to national safety concerns.[24]
2002 Disney's Beach Club Villas opens
Shades of Green closes for renovations
2003 Disney's Pop Century Resort opens
2004 Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa opens
Shades of Green reopens after renovations
Hurricane Charley causes the resort's theme parks to be evacuated on August 13, with Animal Kingdom remaining closed for a short while afterwards.[24]
Hurricane Frances closes the resort for the third time from September 4 to 5.[24]
Hurricane Jeanne closes the resort for the fourth time on September 26.[24]
2007 Disney's Animal Kingdom Villas opens
2008 Disney-MGM Studios is renamed Disney's Hollywood Studios
2009 Bay Lake Tower at Disney's Contemporary Resort opens
Treehouse Villas opens
2011 Golden Oak at Walt Disney World Resort opens
2012 Disney's Art of Animation Resort opens
Phase 1 of Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland expansion opens
2013 The Villas at Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa opens
2014 Phase 2 of Magic Kingdom's Fantasyland expansion opens, including Seven Dwarfs Mine Train.
2015 Disney's Polynesian Villas & Bungalows opens
Walt Disney World Speedway closes
Downtown Disney is expanded and renamed Disney Springs
2016 Disney Springs finishes construction
Hurricane Matthew closes the resort for the fifth time on October 7.[24]
2017 The UK show Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway broadcasts live from the park with Ant & Dec as hosts.
Happily Ever After debuted on May 12th at Magic Kingdom Park.
Pandora â The World of Avatar opens at Disney's Animal Kingdom
Hurricane Irma closes the resort for the sixth time from September 10 to 11.[25]
Copper Creek Villas & Cabins at Disney's Wilderness Lodge opens
DisneyQuest closes permanently for the NBA Experience
2018 Toy Story Land opens at Disney's Hollywood Studios on June 30th.
2019 Gran Destino Tower opens at Disney's Coronado Spring Resort on July 11
NBA Experience opens at Disney Springs on August 12
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge opens at Disney's Hollywood Studio
Hurricane Dorian causes the resort's theme parks to be evacuated on September 3.
Disney Skyliner opens on September 29th.
IllumiNations: Reflections of Earth held its final performance on September 30th at EPCOT.
Epcot Forever debuted as the interim nighttime spectacular for EPCOT on October 1st.
Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance opens on December 5th with a virtual queue system.
Disney's Riviera Resort, a new Disney Vacation Club resort opens on December 16.
2020 Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway opens at Disney's Hollywood Studios on March 4.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting government mandates close the resort for the seventh time beginning March 16.[26]
Magic Kingdom Park and Disney's Animal Kingdom reopened to the public on July 11th.
Disney's Hollywood Studios and EPCOT reopened to the public on July 15th.
Future expansion
The resort has a number of expansion projects planned or ongoing, including:
A TRON Lightcycle Run at Magic Kingdom
Expansion at Epcot, including new attractions related to Guardians of the Galaxy: Cosmic Rewind and Remy's Ratatouille Adventure, and a newly designed entrance.
Reflections â A Disney Lakeside Lodge, a new Disney resort
Flamingo Crossings, a shopping complex similar to Disney Springs, opening date to be announced
Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser, a new Disney resort.
Location
Map of the resort as of May 2015
One of four arches welcoming guests to the resort
The Florida resort is not within Orlando city limits but is southwest of Downtown Orlando. Much of the resort is in southwestern Orange County, with the remainder in adjacent Osceola County. The property includes the cities of Lake Buena Vista and Bay Lake which are governed by the Reedy Creek Improvement District. The site is accessible from Central Florida's Interstate 4 via Exits 62B (World Drive), 64B (US 192 West), 65B (Osceola Parkway West), 67B (SR 536 West), and 68 (SR 535 North), and Exit 8 on SR 429, the Western Expressway. At its founding, the resort occupied approximately 30,500 acres (48 sq mi; 123 km2). Portions of the property have since been sold or de-annexed, including land now occupied by the Disney-built community of Celebration. By 2014, the resort occupied nearly 25,000 acres (39 sq mi; 101 km2).[3] The company acquired nearly 3,000 additional acres, in separate transactions, between December 2018 and April 2020.[27][28][29]
Attractions
Further information: List of Walt Disney World Resort attractions
Theme parks
Magic Kingdom, opened October 1, 1971
Epcot, opened October 1, 1982
Disney's Hollywood Studios, opened May 1, 1989
Disney's Animal Kingdom, opened April 22, 1998
Water parks
Disney's Typhoon Lagoon, opened June 1, 1989
Disney's Blizzard Beach, opened April 1, 1995
Other attractions
The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror, at Disney's Hollywood Studios
The Walt Disney World Railroad
Typhoon Lagoon, one of two waterparks at the resort
View of Disney Springs
Multiple resorts across Disney property offer a variety of spa treatments including Disney's Grand Floridian and Disney's Coronado Springs Resort
Disney's Boardwalk, located outside of their Boardwalk Inn, functions as an entertainment, dining, and shopping district.[30]
Epcot has annual festivals that run for limited amounts of time throughout the year like the Epcot Flower and Garden Festival, Epcot Festival of the Arts, and the Epcot Food and Wine Festival
Disney does special ticketed events throughout the year including the Mickey's Not So Scary Halloween Party, which usually runs late August through October, and Mickey's Very Merry Christmas Party
Disney Springs, opened March 22, 1975 (Previously known as Lake Buena Vista Shopping Village, Disney Village Marketplace, and Downtown Disney)[31]
Disney's Wedding Pavilion, opened July 15, 1995
ESPN Wide World of Sports, opened March 28, 1997
Golf and recreation
Disney's property includes four golf courses. The three 18-hole golf courses are Disney's Palm (4.5 stars), Disney's Magnolia (4 stars), and Disney's Lake Buena Vista (4 stars). There is also a nine-hole walking course (no electric carts allowed) called Oak Trail, designed for young golfers. The Magnolia and Palm courses played home to the PGA Tour's Children's Miracle Network Hospitals Classic. Arnold Palmer Golf Management manages the Disney golf courses.[32]
Additionally, there are two themed miniature golf complexes, each with two courses, Fantasia Gardens and Winter Summerland.[33] The two courses at Fantasia Gardens are Fantasia Garden and Fantasia Fairways. The Garden course is a traditional miniature-style course based on the "Fantasia" movies with musical holes, water fountains and characters. Fantasia Fairways is a traditional golf course on miniature scale having water hazards and sand traps.[34]
The two courses at Winter Summerland are Summer and Winter, both themed around Santa. Summer is the more challenging of the two 18-hole courses.[34]
Disney's Magnolia[35]
Tee Rating/Slope 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Out 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 In Total
Classic 76.0 / 141 428 417 170 542 492 231 422 614 500 3816 526 399 169 384 592 203 450 485 492 3700 7516
Blue 74.0 / 137 424 351 161 535 446 202 410 605 426 3560 522 382 163 374 588 200 398 430 456 3513 7073
White 71.6 / 130 409 335 140 499 418 168 380 534 393 3276 513 355 156 320 532 179 373 399 455 3282 6558
Gold 69.0 / 121 384 317 125 479 355 115 339 519 327 2960 496 309 148 308 516 143 349 381 417 3067 6027
Red 69.6 / 126 285 225 110 370 347 107 306 402 316 2468 430 300 140 296 417 128 292 301 355 2659 5127
Par 4 4 3 5 4 3 4 5 4 36 5 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 36 72
Handicap Men's 3 15 17 11 1 13 7 9 5 8 14 16 18 4 10 12 2 6
Handicap Ladies' 7 13 17 11 3 15 1 9 5 18 2 10 12 16 14 8 4 6
Former attractions
Discovery Island â an island in Bay Lake that was home to many species of animals and birds. It opened on April 8, 1974, and closed on April 8, 1999.
Disney's River Country â the first water park at the Walt Disney World Resort. It opened on June 20, 1976, and closed on November 2, 2001.[36]
Walt Disney World Speedway â a racetrack at Walt Disney World and included the Richard Petty Driving Experience. It opened November 28, 1995, and closed on August 9, 2015.
DisneyQuest â an indoor interactive theme park that featured many arcade games and virtual attractions. It opened June 19, 1998 as part of an unsuccessful attempt to launch a chain of similar theme parks. It closed on July 2, 2017, to be replaced by the NBA Experience.[37]
La Nouba by Cirque du Soleil â opened December 23, 1998, and closed after December 31, 2017.[38]
Resorts
See also: Category:Hotels in Walt Disney World Resort
Of the thirty-four resorts and hotels on the Walt Disney World property, 28 are owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products. These are classified into four categoriesâDeluxe, Moderate, Value, and Disney Vacation Club Villasâand are located in one of five resort areas: the Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Wide World of Sports, Animal Kingdom, or Disney Springs resort areas. There is also the Other Select Deluxe Resorts category used to describe two resorts in the Epcot Resorts Area that carry Walt Disney World branding, but are managed by a third-party.
While all of the Deluxe resort hotels have achieved an AAA Four Diamond rating, Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa is considered the highest-tier flagship luxury resort on the Walt Disney World Resort complex.[39]
On-site Disney resorts
Name Opening date Theme Number of rooms Resort Area
Deluxe resorts
Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge April 16, 2001 African Wildlife preserve 1,307 Animal Kingdom
Disney's Beach Club Resort November 19, 1990 Newport Beach cottage 576 Epcot
Disney's BoardWalk Inn July 1, 1996 Early-20th-century Atlantic and Ocean City 378
Disney's Yacht Club Resort November 5, 1990 Martha's Vineyard Resort 621
Disney's Contemporary Resort October 1, 1971 Modern 655 Magic Kingdom
Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa July 1, 1988 Early-20th-century Florida 867
Disney's Polynesian Village Resort October 1, 1971 South Pacific 492
Disney's Wilderness Lodge May 28, 1994 Pacific Northwest, National Park Service rustic 729
Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser[1] TBA Star Wars starship TBA Epcot Resort Area
Moderate resorts
Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort October 1, 1988 Caribbean Islands 1,536 Epcot
Disney's Coronado Springs Resort August 1, 1997 Mexico, American Southwest 1,915 Animal Kingdom
Disney's Port Orleans Resort â French Quarter May 17, 1991 New Orleans French Quarter 1,008 Disney Springs
Disney's Port Orleans Resort â Riverside February 2, 1992 Deep South 2,048
Value resorts
Disney's All-Star Movies Resort January 15, 1999 Disney films 1,920 Animal Kingdom
Disney's All-Star Music Resort November 22, 1994 Music 1,604
Disney's All-Star Sports Resort April 24, 1994 Sports 1,920
Disney's Art of Animation Resort May 31, 2012 Disney and Pixar animated films 1,984 Wide World of Sports
Disney's Pop Century Resort December 14, 2003 20th Century American pop culture 2,880
Disney Vacation Club
Bay Lake Tower August 4, 2009 Modern 428 Magic Kingdom
Disney's Animal Kingdom Villas August 15, 2007 African safari lodge 708 Animal Kingdom
Disney's Beach Club Resort July 1, 2002 Newport resort 282 Epcot
Disney's Boardwalk Villas July 1, 1996 Early-20th-century Atlantic City 530
Disney's Old Key West Resort December 20, 1991 Early-20th-century Key West 761 Disney Springs
Disney's Polynesian Villas & Bungalows April 1, 2015 South Seas 380 Magic Kingdom
Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa May 17, 2004 1880s Upstate New York resort 1,320 Disney Springs
The Villas at Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa October 23, 2013 Early-20th-century Florida 147 Magic Kingdom
Boulder Ridge Villas November 15, 2000 Pacific Northwest 181
Copper Creek Villas & Cabins July 17, 2017 Pacific Northwest 184
Disney's Riviera Resort December 16, 2019 European Riviera 300 Epcot
Reflections â A Disney Lakeside Lodge 2022 Nature 900 Magic Kingdom[40]
Cabins and campgrounds
Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground November 19, 1971 Rustic Woods Camping 800 campsites
409 cabins Magic Kingdom
Residential areas
Golden Oak at Walt Disney World Resort Fall 2011 Varies 450 homes Magic Kingdom
The Grand Floridian Resort & Spa, Walt Disney World's flagship resort
Disney's Polynesian Resort, a deluxe level resort
Caribbean Beach Resort, the first moderate resort at Walt Disney World
Fort Wilderness, Disney's campground and cabin resort
Disney's All Star Movies Resort, one of five value resorts
The Walt Disney World Swan
The Walt Disney World Dolphin
1.^ Future resorts are denoted in italics.
On-site non-Disney hotels
Hotel name Opening date Theme Number of rooms Owner Area
Best Western Lake Buena Vista Resort Hotel November 21, 1972 None 325 Drury Hotels Hotel Plaza Boulevard, close to Disney Springs
Doubletree Guest Suite Resort March 15, 1987 229 Hilton Hotels Corporation
Wyndham Lake Buena Vista October 15, 1972 626 Wyndham Hotels & Resorts
Hilton Walt Disney World November 23, 1983 787 Hilton Hotels Corporation
Holiday Inn in the Walt Disney World Resort February 8, 1973 323 InterContinental Hotels Group
B Resort October 1, 1972 394 B Hotels & Resorts
Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa March 10, 1983 1,014 Hilton Hotels Corporation
Four Seasons Orlando at Walt Disney World Resort August 3, 2014 450 Four Seasons Magic Kingdom
Bonnet Creek Resort Various Various, 3,000 total Hilton Worldwide, Wyndham Worldwide Epcot
Shades of Green December 1973 Upscale Country Club 586 United States Department of Defense Magic Kingdom
Walt Disney World Dolphin June 1, 1990 Seaside Floridian Resort & Under the Sea 1509 Marriott International Epcot
Walt Disney World Swan January 13, 1990 Seaside Floridian Resort & Under the Sea 758 Marriott International Epcot
Shades of Green Resort, owned and operated by the United States Military
The Hilton at Walt Disney World, located at Hotel Plaza Boulevard
Former resorts
The Golf Resort â Became The Disney Inn, and later became Shades of Green.
Disney's Village Resort â Became the Villas at Disney Institute and then Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa. The "Tree House" Villas were decommissioned for a time because they were not accessible to disabled guests. Until early 2008, they were used for International Program Cast Member housing. In February 2008, Disney submitted plans to the South Florida Water Management District to replace the 60 existing villas with 60 new villas.[41] The Treehouse Villas opened during the summer of 2009.
Celebration â a town designed and built by Disney, now managed by a resident-run association.
Lake Buena Vista â Disney originally intended this area to become a complete community with multiple residences, shopping, and offices, but transformed the original homes into hotel lodging in the 1970s, which were demolished in the early 2000s to build Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa
Never-built resorts
Disney's Asian Resort
Disney's Persian Resort
Disney's Venetian Resort
Disney's Mediterranean Resort
Fort Wilderness Junction
Disney's Magical Express
Main article: Disney's Magical Express
Guests with a Disney Resort reservation (excluding the Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin) that arrive at Orlando International Airport can be transported to their resort from the airport using the complimentary Disney's Magical Express service, which is operated by Mears Destination Services. Guests can also have their bags picked up and transported to their resort for them through a contract with BAGS Incorporated on participating airlines. Many resorts feature Airline Check-in counters for guests returning to the airport. Here their bags will be checked all the way through to their final destination and they can also have boarding passes printed for them. Current participating airlines are Delta, United, American, JetBlue, Southwest and Alaska Airlines. It was announced in early January 2021, that Disney would be ending the service on January 1, 2022 citing a shift in consumer demand for more flexibility in transportation options. [42]
Attendance
Magic Kingdom, the world's most visited theme park
In the first year of opening, the park attracted 10,712,991 visitors.[43] In 2018, the resort's four theme parks all ranked in the top 9 on the list of the 25 most visited theme parks in the world: (1st) Magic Kingdomâ20,859,000 visitors; (6th) Disney's Animal Kingdomâ13,750,000 visitors; (7th) Epcotâ12,444,000 visitors; and (9th) Disney's Hollywood Studiosâ11,258,000 visitors.[4] By October 2020, maximum Disney World attendance was still allowed to only remain at 25% capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6]
Year Magic Kingdom Epcot Disney's Hollywood Studios Disney's Animal Kingdom Overall Ref.
2008 17,063,000 10,935,000 9,608,000 9,540,000 47,146,000 [44]
2009 17,233,000 10,990,000 9,700,000 9,590,000 47,513,000 [45]
2010 16,972,000 10,825,000 9,603,000 9,686,000 47,086,000 [46]
2011 17,142,000 10,826,000 9,699,000 9,783,000 47,450,000 [47]
2012 17,536,000 11,063,000 9,912,000 9,998,000 48,509,000 [48]
2013 18,588,000 11,229,000 10,110,000 10,198,000 50,125,000 [49]
2014 19,332,000 11,454,000 10,312,000 10,402,000 51,500,000 [50]
2015 20,492,000 11,798,000 10,828,000 10,922,000 54,040,000 [51]
2016 20,395,000 11,712,000 10,776,000 10,844,000 53,727,000 [52]
2017 20,450,000 12,200,000 10,722,000 12,500,000 55,872,000 [53]
2018 20,859,000 12,444,000 11,258,000 13,750,000 58,311,000 [4]
Operations
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Transportation
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Transport in Walt Disney World
The Walt Disney World Monorail System provides free transport across the resort.
The Walt Disney World Resort is serviced by Disney Transport, a complimentary mass transportation system allowing guest access across the property. The fare-free system utilizes buses, monorails, gondola lifts, watercraft, and parking lot trams.
The Walt Disney World Monorail System provides free transportation at Walt Disney World; guests can board the monorail and travel between the Magic Kingdom and Epcot, including select on-property resorts such as The Grand Floridian and The Polynesian Village. The system operates on three routes that interconnect at the Transportation and Ticket Center (TTC), adjacent to the Magic Kingdom's parking lot. Disney Transport owns a fleet of Disney-operated buses on property, that is also complimentary for guests.
A gondola lift system, dubbed Disney Skyliner, opened in 2019. The system's three lines connect Disney's Hollywood Studios and Epcot with four resort hotels.[54]
Disney Transport also operates a fleet of watercraft, ranging in size from water taxis, up to the ferries that connect the Magic Kingdom to the Transportation and Ticket Center. Disney Transport is also responsible for maintaining the fleet of parking lot trams that are used for shuttling visitors between the various theme park parking lots and their respective main entrances.
In addition to its free transportation methods, in conjunction with Lyft, Walt Disney World also offers a vehicle for hire service for a fee. The Minnie Van Service are Chevy Traverses dressed in a Minnie Mouse red-and-white polka dot design that can accommodate up to six people and have two carseats available to anyone that is within the Walt Disney World Resort limits. Cast members can install the car seats.[55][56] Some of the unique advantages that the Minnie Van Service offers over a normal ride share is the ability to be dropped off in the Magic Kingdom bus loop (instead of at the TTC like the other ride shares) and being able to ride to any point in Fort Wilderness.
Employment
When the Magic Kingdom opened in 1971, the site employed about 5,500 "cast members".[57] In 2020, Walt Disney World employs more than 77,000 cast members.[2] The largest single-site employer in the United States,[58][59] Walt Disney World has more than 3,000 job classifications with a total 2019 payroll of over $3 billion.[2] The resort also sponsors and operates the Walt Disney World College Program, an internship program that offers American college students (CPs) the opportunity to live about 15 miles (24 km) off-site in four Disney-owned apartment complexes and work at the resort, and thereby provides much of the theme park and resort "front line" cast members. There is also the Walt Disney World International College Program, an internship program that offers international college students (ICPs) from all over the world the same opportunity. In September 2020, the Walt Disney Company began laying off 6,500 Walt Disney World employees.[5]
Energy use
Walt Disney World requires an estimated 1 billion kilowatt-hours (3.6 billion megajoules) of electricity annually, costing the company nearly $100 million in annual energy consumption.[60] In addition to relying primarily on fossil fuels and nuclear energy from the state's power grid, Walt Disney World has two solar energy facilities on property; a 22-acre (0.034 sq mi; 0.089 km2) Mickey Mouse-shaped solar panel farm near Epcot, and a 270-acre (0.42 sq mi; 1.1 km2) facility near Disney's Animal Kingdom.[61] The larger facility produces enough solar energy to provide electricity to two of the resort's theme parks. The sites are operated by Duke Energy and the Reedy Creek Improvement District, respectively.[61]
The entire Disney Transport bus fleet uses R50 renewable diesel fuel, obtained from used cooking oil and non-consumable food waste from the resort.[61]
Corporate culture
Walt Disney World's corporate culture uses jargon based on theatrical terminology.[62][63] For example, park visitors are always "guests", employees are called "cast members", rides are "attractions" or "experiences", cast members costumed as famous Disney characters in a way that does not cover their faces are known as "face characters", jobs are "roles", and public and nonpublic areas are respectively labeled "onstage" and "backstage".[62][63]
Security
Disney Security Vehicle, picture taken July 2, 2009 in front of Epcot
Disney's security personnel are generally dressed in typical security guard uniforms, though some of the personnel are dressed as tourists in plain clothes. Since September 11, 2001, uniformed security has been stationed outside each Disney park in Florida to search guests' bags as they enter the parks. Starting April 3, 2017, bag checkpoints have been placed at Magic Kingdom's resort monorail entryways and the Transportation and Ticket Center's ferry entry points prior to embarkation as well as the walkway from Disney's Contemporary Resort. Guests arriving the Transportation and Ticket Center by tram or tour bus will be screened at the former tram boarding areas. Guests arriving by Disney Resort hotel bus or Minnie Van have their own bag check just outside the bus stops. Guests arriving via Magic Kingdom Resort boat launch are bag checked on the arrival dock outside Magic Kingdom.[64]
The land where Walt Disney World resides is part of the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID), a governing jurisdiction created in 1967 by the State of Florida at the request of Disney. RCID provides 911 services, fire, environmental protection, building code enforcement, utilities and road maintenance, but does not provide law enforcement services. The approximately 800 security staff are instead considered employees of the Walt Disney Company. Arrests and citations are issued by the Florida Highway Patrol along with the Orange County and Osceola County sheriffs deputies who patrol the roads. Disney security does maintain a fleet of security vans equipped with flares, traffic cones, and chalk commonly used by police officers. These security personnel are charged with traffic control by the RCID and may only issue personnel violation notices to Disney and RCID employees, not the general public.[65][66]
Despite the appearance of the uniformed security personnel, they are not considered a legal law enforcement agency. Disney and the Reedy Creek Improvement District were sued for access to Disney Security records by Bob and Kathy Sipkema following the death of their son at the resort in 1994. The court characterized Disney security as a "night watchman" service, not a law enforcement agency, meaning it is not subject to Florida's open records laws. An appeals court later upheld the lower court's ruling.[67]
In late 2015, Disney confirmed the addition of randomized secondary screenings and dogs trained to detect body-worn explosives within parks, in addition to metal detectors at entrances. It has also increased the number of uniformed security personnel at Walt Disney World and Disneyland properties.[68]
Disney Security personnel in Florida have investigated traffic accidents and issued accident reports. The forms used by Disney Security may be confused with official, government forms by some.[citation needed]
The Orange County Sheriff maintains an office on Disney property, but this is primarily to process guests accused of shoplifting by Disney security personnel.[69]
Although the scattering of ashes on Disney property is illegal, The Wall Street Journal reported in October 2018 that Walt Disney World parks were becoming a popular spot for families to scatter the ashes of loved ones, with the Haunted Mansion at Magic Kingdom being the favorite location. The practice is unlawful and prohibited on Disney property, and anyone spreading cremated remains is escorted from the park.[70]
Closures
Walt Disney World has had nine unscheduled closures:[71]
September 15, 1999, due to Hurricane Floyd
September 11, 2001, after the September 11, 2001 attacks
August 13, 2004, due to Hurricane Charley
September 4â5, 2004, due to Hurricane Frances
September 26, 2004, due to Hurricane Jeanne
October 7, 2016, due to Hurricane Matthew
September 10â11, 2017, due to Hurricane Irma
September 3, 2019, for about half the day (with the exception of Epcot and Disney Springs), due to Hurricane Dorian
March 15[26][72] â July 15, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[73] (excluding Disney Springs, which reopened on May 19, 2020[74])
Like its sister park, parks at the resort may close early to accommodate various special events, such as special press events, tour groups, VIP groups, and private parties. It is common for a corporation to rent entire parks for the evening. In such cases, special passes are issued which are valid for admission to all rides and attractions. At the ticket booths and on published schedules, the guests are notified of the early closures. Then, cast members announce that the parks are closing, sometime before the private event starts, and clear the parks of guests who do not have the special passes.
In October 2020, it was revealed that full capacity attendance was still not permitted, following the COVID-19 closure which occurred earlier in the year.[6]
Climate
Walt Disney World Airport
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
41 1910
52 2212
70 2515
91 2817
140 3020
314 2921
226 3022
219 2921
254 2722
58 2719
66 2414
41 2011
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [75]
Imperial conversion
See also
List of Disney theme park attractions
List of Disney attractions that were never built
Walt Disney Travel Company
Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation
Disney College Program
Incidents at Walt Disney World
Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Walt Disney World Casting Center
The Walt Disney World Explorer
Walt Disney World International Program
References
"New Leadership Team Announced At Disney Parks, Experiences And Products" (Press release). The Walt Disney Company. May 18, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
"Fact Sheet" (PDF). Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. February 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
"Walt Disney World Fun Facts". Walt Disney World News. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
Au, Tsz Yin (Gigi); Chang, Bet; Chen, Bryan; Cheu, Linda; Fischer, Lucia; Hoffman, Marina; Kondaurova, Olga; LaClair, Kathleen; Li, Shaojin; Linford, Sarah; Marling, George; Miller, Erik; Nevin, Jennie; Papamichael, Margreet; Robinett, John; Rubin, Judith; Sands, Brian; Selby, William; Timmins, Matt; Ventura, Feliz; Yoshii, Chris (May 28, 2019). "TEA/AECOM 2018 Theme Index & Museum Index: Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). Themed Entertainment Association. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
"6,700 non-union Disney employees in Central Florida among those being laid off". WESH. September 30, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
Deerwester, Jayme (October 13, 2020). "Disney World attendance to stay capped; Disneyland reopening 'not much of a negotiation,' CEO says". USA Today. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
Fogleson, Richard E. (2003). Married to the Mouse. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-300-09828-0.
Mannheim, Steve (2002). Walt Disney and the Quest for Community. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 68â70. ISBN 978-0-7546-1974-1.
Patches, Matt (May 20, 2015). "Inside Walt Disney's Ambitious, Failed Plan to Build the City of Tomorrow". Esquire. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
Koenig, David (2007). Realityland: True-Life Adventures at Walt Disney World. Irvine, CA: Bonaventure Press. pp. 25â26. ISBN 978-0-9640605-2-4.
"Disney Assembled Cast Of Buyers To Amass Land Stage For Kingdom". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014.
Mark Andrews (August 6, 2000). "Disney Pulled Strings So Mouse Moved In With Barely A Squeak". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
Santora, Phil. "The day Walt Disney, an American icon who gave us Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, died". nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
Thomas, Bob (1994). Walt Disney - An American Original. p. 357. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
"Disney World Florida opens next Friday". Times-News. Hendersonville, North Carolina. UPI. September 27, 1971. p. 11.
"Walt Disney World opens Florida gates". Lodi News-Sentinel. California. UPI. October 2, 1971. p. 10.
"Backstage brain Roy Disney dies". St. Petersburg Independent. Florida. Associated Press. December 21, 1971. p. 10âA.
"Disney Wilderness Preserve". The Walt Disney Company. Archived from the original on August 19, 2003.
Palmer, Tom (February 16, 2013). "Disney Wilderness Preserve Site Is Internationally Recognized Model for Success". The Ledger. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
Pedicini, Sandra (January 22, 2016). "Walt Disney World announces management reorganization". Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Trejos, Nancy. "Dogs now welcome at Disney World resorts". USA Today.
"The Walt Disney Company News". WDWMagic.
Bevil, Dewayne. "Disney World: Josh D'Amaro promoted; Jeff Vahle takes over as president". orlandosentinel.com.
"Walt Disney World closes for just fourth time ever as Hurricane Matthew nears". CNBC. October 6, 2016. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
"Hurricane Irma causes Disney World to close for sixth time in nearly 50 years". Fox News. September 10, 2017. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
"Walt Disney World to close over coronavirus concerns". WESH. March 13, 2020. Archived from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
"Disney World buys 235 acres. Here's what we know". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
Storey, Ken. "Disney has been on a land-buying spree. Here's why it probably isn't a new theme park". Orlando Weekly. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
"Disney Bought Nearly 3K Acres of Land Since 2018 - But Not for a New Park". Inside the Magic. December 31, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.
"Disney's BoardWalk". Walt Disney World. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Levine, Arthur (June 1, 2016). "Disney Springs: The story behind Disney World's former Downtown Disney". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
Jason Garcia (August 24, 2011). "Disney golf: Disney World to turn its golf courses over to Arnold Palmer". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 1, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
Barnes, Susan B. (July 27, 2015). "Putt putt your way across the USA". Detroit Free Press. USA Today. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
Adams, Emily. "Walt Disney World Mini
009
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DREADWIND
ALLEGIANCE: DECEPTICON
SUB-GROUP: POWERMASTER
HUMAN COMPONENT: HI-TEST
FUNCTION: AIR DEFENSE
FIRST APPEARANCE: TRANSFORMERS # 42
"Fear is a friend whose presence is felt long after he's left!"
Profile: Dreadwind is the proverbial "deactivation of the party," a mournful presence always first to look on the bleak side of things. Grim and gloomy, he always acts as if his best friend has become permanently inoperative. Most other Decepticons avoid him like the plague, knowing that however buoyant their mood, Dreadwind is sure to bring them to Earth with a bump! As ominous as a storm cloud and as chilling as a winter breeze, Dreadwind somehow manages to convey his doom-laden message when he's in battle, even in jet mode! Foes have been known to feel despair at Dreadwind's approach, even at a vast distance. Dreadwind doesn't appreciate the advantage this gives him in battle; it just serves to further depress him. He's been known to wade through a battlefield, blasting Autobots and shouting, "Why does no one like me?" But Dreadwind has been known to come close to reveling (in his own low-key way) in the carnage he wreaks, knowing that perhaps his only true friend is fear. He sees it in the visual receptors of enemies and feels slightly better himself. Though the two profess to hate each other, and certainly detest combining to form Dreadwing, Dreadwind and Darkwing are the perfect partners in crime, almost trying to outdo each other in the bleakness stakes. The same cannot be said of Dreadwind's binary-bonded human component, Hi-Test. He's a thrill-seeking, overachieving perfectionist who can't understand Dreadwind at all! How can he be so gloomy when there's so much wonderful badness in the world? Hi-Test does his best to bully Dreadwind into enjoying himself, or at the very least concentrating his morose mind on the job at hand.
Abilities: In jet mode, powered by his high-performance Powermaster engine, Dreadwind can reach speeds up to Mach 2.6, and is able to climb to sub-orbital altitudes. When combined with his fellow Powermaster Darkwing, as the vehicle Dreadwing, they become capable of space flight, reaching light speeds and beyond. His jet mode is armed with air-to-air missiles, thermal melters, rapid-fire machine guns and lasers. He's a flying armory with a vast capacity for devastation. In robot mode he's more cumbersome and less effective, presenting an easy target. But at close quarters, his bulky strength and multi-shot wrist guns give him an advantage.
Weaknesses: All of Dreadwind's weaknesses stem from his continual brooding and permanent depression. He's so busy feeling sorry for himself, he tends to forget he's in the middle of a battle, leaving himself wide open to attack.
008
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16:16
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1 - always tell the truth
X 2 - var alltid öppen i jakten pÄ det okÀnda
3 - bÀr alltid Gröngölingshandboken med dej
4 - ge aldrig upp - oavsett hur svÄrt det verkar
5 - BÀr alltid uniform inom gröngölingsomrÄden
6 - en gröngöling klarar svÄrigheter med glatt humör
X 7 - work harder, make your self better and try again
X 8 - en gröngöling Àr alltid sann mot sej sjÀlv och andra
9 - ha alltid ett bÀrbart batteri med dej
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10 - ha alltid kontanter med dej
11 - packa din vÀska kvÀllen före din resa
12 - var alltid beredd pÄ det ovÀntade
13 - missbruka inte din grads stÀllning
14 - det Àr bÀttre att be om lov, Àn att söka förlÄtelse
15 - TĂ€nk alltid kritiskt
16 - Àven klÀder kan anvÀndas till förband
X 17 - A Woodchuck always looks out for his fellow woodchucks, no matter the costs
X 18 - every action has an oppesite reaction
19 - lyssna mer Àn du pratar - du kanske lÀr dej nÄgot
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20 - en bra plan börjar med ett enda steg
21 - tÀnk ofta -outside the box-
22 - Set Your Priorities Right
23 - ingen stÄr över reglerna
24 - peppar och salt passar till allt
25 - Pick the right campsite
26 - var inte en hjÀlte, utan va en riktig hjÀlte
27 - stÄ för dina misstag - du lÀr dej bÀttre dÄ
28 - du fÄr inte ljuga under ED
29 - du ska inte stjÀla
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30 - ha alltid en plan - dÄ Àr det lÀttare att improvisera
31 - var tyst och lyssna alltid mer Àn vad du pratar - du kanske lÀr dej nÄgot vÀrdefullt
32 - en förlust Àr inte ett nederlag - utan ett nytt sÀtt att inte vinna pÄ
33 - Ăr dörren lĂ„st - ta "fönstervĂ€gen"
34 - Du ska aldrig fuska
35 - solen gĂ„r upp i ĂST och ner i VĂST
36 - Better safe then sorry
37 - var alltid utvilad kvÀllen före en utmaning
38 - when you hear thunder, go under cover
39 - om du har trÄkigt pÄ din resa, spela vÀgspel
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40 - tro inte pÄ vad folk sÀger - dubbelkolla!
41 - behöver du nÄgot - sÀg till den ansvarige
X 42 - bygg alltid rÀtt frÄn början och lÀgg inte till onödiga modifigeringar
43 - Ăr du orolig, Ă€t mat. det Ă€r dumt att oroa sej pĂ„ tom mage
44 - I nÀrkamp - slÄss med din heder, inte dina nÀvar
45 - There will always be more drama than what you just saw.
46 - Kunskapen Àr inte mÄlet pÄ resan, utan det Àr sjÀlva resan till mÄlet som Àr kunskapen
47 - Never forget where you come from
48 - "Gör det med stil, eller lÄt bli!"
49 - var alltid rÀttvis mot dina gröngölings kamrater
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50 - underskatta aldrig ditt team
51 - bÀr alltid en kniv i skogen
52 - Àr det mörka moln pÄ himmelen - ta med dej ett paraply
53 - Not everyone tells the truth on the Internet
54 - tÀnk alltid minst 3 steg i förvÀg
55 - det Àr en stor skillnad pÄ att springa ivÀg och att göra en taktisk retrÀtt
56 - "Ett ögonblicks vankelmodighet kan bli ditt fall."
57 - "The least likely can be the most dangerous."
58 - "I dom lugnaste vatten simmar dom farligaste fiskarna!"
59 - "Bered dig pÄ strid men kÀmpa för fred."
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60 -"Know the conflict within before facing the conflict without."
61 - "A moment of indecision can be your last."
62 - "In confusion there is opportunity."
63 - "A moment of indecision can be your last."
64 - "Hunters drive; targets park."
65 - "Strike first, strike fast, strike hard."
66 - "Blame someone else before they blame you."
67 - "You have to know where you are before you know what to do."
68 - "Strength is more than physical."
69 - "A good shot is worth more than a good intention."
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70 - "I don't break rules, I bend them - a lot."
71 - "Things are never as good as they seem."
72 - "Truth is revealed in the smallest detail."
73 - "It's not who's the fastest, it's who reaches the finish line."
74 - "Caution can never be overused."
75 - "Be brief of speech and long on action."
76 -"To know others you must first know yourself."
77 - The past is the greatest teacher."
X 78 - "A battle front is only as good as its supply line."
79 - "Keep shooting; eventually you're bound to hit something."
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80 - programmera in ICE - in case of emergency - i din telefon
81 - "Om du inte lyckas första gÄngen, sÄ försök igen."
82 - skriv bÄde i mobilens kalender och pÄ en papperskalender
83 - ha alltid ett matförÄd för minst 2 mÄnader
84 - ha alltid en buffert för din ekonomi
85 - skapa gÀrna ett veckoschema
86 - BÀckar och floder rinner alltid söderut
87 - planera i god tid
88 - gör alltid din gröngölingsplikt till din bÀsta förmÄga
89 - If a site looks serious it doesnât mean itâs a trusted site.
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90 - Àr det dimma, stanna dÀr du Àr
99 - du har ett huvud - ANVĂND DET DĂ
!!!
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100 -
110 -
112 -
113 -
114 -
115 -
116 -
117 -
118 -
119 -
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120 -
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130 -
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140 -
148 -
149 -
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150 -
151 -
152 -
153 - Àr det tungt Àr det dyrt
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X 162 - A junior Woodchuck always looks out for his fellow woodchucks, no matter the costs
168 - du ska alltid vara diskret
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REGLER OM KĂLLKRITIK
170 - vem skrev informationen
171 - vad Àr kÀllan till denna information
172 - vart har det publicerats
173 - nÀr publicerades informationen
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180 -
181 -
182 - om patrullchefen Àr sjuk sÄ gÄr ansvaret över till vice patrullchefen
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190 -
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REGLER OM ADMINISTRATION
200 - skriv alltid en loggbok för varje uppdrag / hÀndelse / lÀger mm
201 - maila dessa dokument den 25 varje mÄnad till din Distriktsmogul
202 - gör alltid kopior pÄ allt ditt material
203 - spara viktiga nummer i en handskriven lista
210 - Ha ett stort telefon kontaktstrÀd
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211 - alla kommuner mÄste ha 1 Stormogul och minst 2 vice Stormoguler
212 -
213 -
214 -
215 -
216 -
X 217 - rub all documents with a pencil
218 -
219 - "Ăventyret kan dyka upp pĂ„ de mest ovĂ€ntade stĂ€llen."
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220 - Always register with your local service provider.
221 - If you fail in epic proportions, it may just become a winning failure.
222 - If it exists, there is a YouTube of it.
223 - If it exists, there is an Instagram of it.
224 - If it exists, there is a twitter of it.
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230 -
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240 -
245 - When one sees a lion, one must get into the car.
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250 -
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REGLER TILL SJĂSS
260 - simma aldrig för lÄngt ut
261 - gÄ upp om du kÀnner dej kall
262 - överbelasta aldrig din bÄt
263 - bada aldrig ensam
264 - kolla hur djupt vattnet Àr innan du badar
265 - tala om vart du ska och hur lÀnge du ska vara borta
266 - anvÀnd alltid en godkÀnnd flytvÀst
267 - kolla sÄ bÄten Àr hel innan avfÀrd
268 - alkohol och bÄtvett hör inte ihop
269 - stanna kvar vid bÄten om den kantrar
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270 - ABC - Andning, Blödning, Chock
271 - SOS Alarm - 112
277 - ge alltid bra kritik framför dÄlig kritik
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280 -
287 -
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290 -
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REGLER OM DIN GRĂNGĂLINGS UNIFORM
300 - om du inte Àr i tjÀnst, bÀr alltid din gröngölingshalsduk
307 - du ska alltid bÀra din gröngölings uniform pÄ officiellatillstÀllningar
INGA UNDANTAG oavsett grad
311 - "LÀr kÀnna den inre konflikten innan du tar itu med den yttre."
332 - If it exists, someone is offended by it, no exceptions.
376 - There is a forum of it, no exceptions.
378 - Fall with dignity and grace
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400 -
X 413 - never speak bad of fellow woodchucks
436 - There will always be more drama than what you just saw.
450 - det Àr inte tillÄtet att delta i nÄgon typ av protester i din gröngölingsuniform
469 - Everything IRL is on the internet.
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REGLER OM SĂKERHET
500 - Utse ALLTID 2 st eldvakter
501 - slÀck elden med jord och inte med vatten
502 - Never Travel in the Dark
503 - Sleep Above the Ground
504 - Do Not Use Dirty Water to Clean Wounds
505 - Stay Calm!
506 - Eldglöd kan bli skogsdöd!
507 - Collect Rain Water
508 - gÄ inte ut i snön med blöta skor
509 -
510 -
511 -
512 - djur och barn kommer först vid rÀddningar
513 -
563 - bada aldrig ensam
581 - The trolls will NEVER be gone. No exceptions.
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600 -
618 - Copy 'n paste is made to ruin every last bit of originality
659 - Buddy system - 2 and 2 is a go - 1 and 1 is never done
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REGLER INOM BYGGNADER
700 - lÀr dej alla utrymningsvÀgar
701 -
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710 -
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720 -
X 726 - always check every bridge for stability
X 727 - the bravest thing a woodchuck can do in the face of danger is to walk away
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732 - respect nature and the nature will respect you
733 - naturen kommer inte att samarbeta med dej
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800 -
826 - BÀr alltid starkt fÀrgade klÀder i skogen
X 841 - there is always a way around
X 843 - if a bear you spy, string your food up high
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REGLER INOM BYGGNADER
900 - lÄs alltid din ytterdörr nÀr du gÄr hemifrÄn
901 - stÀng alltid av din spis
902 - du slÀckte vÀl alla levande ljus?
917 -
918 -
999 - Everything is a repost. No exceptions.
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1000 -
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1056 - om du fÄtt en ledarroll - skriv en utförlig rapport om allt du gör!!!
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1100 -
X 1118 - always be truthful to your crew
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1200 - gröngöling Àr man livet ut - glöm aldrig det!
008
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00:14
batman.fandom.com/wiki/James_Gordon007
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-01-20 17:36:41]
00:14
Auxiliary police
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Auxiliary Police)
Jump to navigationJump to search
A Certis CISCO auxiliary police officer stands guard beside an armoured truck while his colleagues deliver high-valued goods to and from commercial clients at Change Alley, Singapore.
Auxiliary police, also called special police, are usually the part-time reserves of a regular police force. They may be armed or unarmed. They may be unpaid volunteers or paid members of the police service with which they are affiliated. In most jurisdictions, auxiliary police officers are empowered to make arrests for crimes that occur in their presence.
Contents
1 Australia
2 Canada
3 Estonia
4 Germany
4.1 Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
4.2 Bavaria
4.3 Hessen
4.4 Saxony
5 Hong Kong
6 Hungary
7 India
8 Indonesia
9 Ireland
10 Israel
11 Malaysia
12 Mexico
13 Netherlands
14 Norway
15 Russia
16 Singapore
17 South Korea
18 Sri Lanka
19 Sweden
20 United Kingdom
21 United States
22 Historical auxiliary police units
22.1 Germany
22.1.1 Federal Republic of Germany
22.1.2 East Germany
22.1.3 Nazi Germany
22.2 Poland
22.3 Spain
22.4 United Kingdom
23 See also
24 References
25 External links
25.1 Canada
25.2 Hong Kong
25.3 Hungary
25.4 United States
25.5 Sweden
Australia
The Australian Federal Police can appoint Special Members who do not have full police powers. Special Members are generally recruited locally to perform regulatory and administrative duties, but also perform some community policing duties in location such as Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and Jervis Bay Territory.
The Western Australia Police has had auxiliary officers since 2009. The role of Police Auxiliary Officers was inserted into the Police Act 1892 by the Police Amendment Act 2009. They generally perform administrative and other duties which do not require full police powers.
The Northern Territory Police has auxiliary officers who can perform administrative duties and communications, plus duties which may require some expertise but do not require police powers such as search and rescue.
The Victoria Police recruited 3,100 auxiliary police to the Victoria Police Auxiliary Force during World War II to assist regular police in the event of emergencies. The Auxiliary Force was disbanded in 1946. A number of retired police were temporarily formed into a Police Reserve to assist with traffic control during the 1956 Summer Olympics. A permanent Retired Police Reserve was established under the Police Regulation Act 1958, although today is very small in number.
The New South Wales Police Force formed a Police Reserve of around 500 special constables during World War I. The Police Reserve was formed again during World War II.
Canada
Main article: Auxiliary Constable
In Canada, many police forces utilize the services of auxiliary constables. Under various provincial policing legislations and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act, the role of auxiliary constable is to assist regular, or sworn, police constables in the execution of their duties, as well as to provide assistance in community policing.
Auxiliary constables in Canada wear uniforms similar to regular force constables. However, most wear the word "auxiliary" on a rocker panel under the force's crest on each arm, and in some cases, wear a red and black checkered head band on their service caps to distinguish them from full-time police. Also, auxiliary constables are usually unarmed, but are trained in firearms. They may, depending on legislation and policies, carry a baton and handcuffs while on duty.
Auxiliary officers are often called upon to assist in such things as large-scale searches for missing persons, to provide crowd control at large-scale events, and often accompany regular force police officers on daily patrols.
Estonia
The Assistant Police Officer was created in Estonia by the Assistant Police Officer Act, which was adopted by the parliament on April 20, 1994. It provided the rights, duties and activities of the Assistant Police Officer. Assistant police officer is defined by Estonian law as a person who is not a member of the police but who voluntarily participates in police activities in the cases allowed by local laws. At the time of taking part in police activities, the assistant police officer is a government representative.
Initially, each police officer was guided individually by a police officer to whom he was assigned (usually the region constable). Nowadays they are guided by assistant policemen formations managers, who are appointed by the chief of police.
Germany
Main article: Freiwilliger Polizeidienst
In the Federal Republic of Germany, auxiliary police forces (Freiwilliger Polizeidienst or Sicherheitswacht) do solely exist in a few States: Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and Saxony. The auxiliary police (Freiwillige Polizei-Reserve (FPR)) of Berlin was dissolved in 2002. Their jurisdiction varies between states.
Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
Founded in May 1963, the Baden-WĂŒrttemberg auxiliary police (Freiwilliger Polizeidienst Baden-WĂŒrttemberg) today consists of 1,201 members.
The officers are required to complete two weeks of training after which they are usually deployed on service with a regular police officer. In the eyes of law, they are fully authorized police officers, wear normal police uniforms with a certain patch and complete police gear, including pepper spray, handcuffs and Walther P5 pistol.
Though, the coalition contract of 2011-2016 between the governing political parties BĂŒndnis 90/Die GrĂŒnen and the SPD seeks the abolishment of the auxiliary police and the financial supply as well as the recruitment of new auxiliary officers was suspended.
Bavaria
The Bavarian auxiliary police (Bayerische Sicherheitswacht) was officially founded on 31 December 1996.
Officers have limited legal powers: apart from a citizen's arrest, briefly detain and question a person and check their identification and can ask a dangerous person to leave the area (Platzverweis under Article 16, PAG).
Equipped with a radio and pepper spray, they usually patrol on foot or by bicycle and do not wear a full uniform, but either plain clothes with a brassard or a marked shirt.
Hessen
The auxiliary police in Hessen (Freiwilliger Polizeidienst Hessen) was introduced in October 2000 and employs around 750 members of which approximately 30% are women.
The officers are given 50 hours. Their patrol is limited to beats on foot and serves traffic control, assistance to major events and prevention of crime through mere police presence.
Although they wear ordinary police uniform (except wearing baseball caps instead of peaked caps) with "freiwilliger Polizeidienst" patches, their equipment is generally limited to pepper spray and a mobile phone.
Apart from this, they have limited powers as they may only ask a person to wait with them, briefly interrogate them, ask them to reveal their identity or to leave the area if they appear to be dangerous (Platzverweis under §31 HSOG).
Saxony
The auxiliary police of Saxony (SĂ€chsische Sicherheitswacht) was formed on 1 April 1998. A third of the 800 active members are women.
After being trained for 60 hours, they usually patrol on foot in blue or green jackets or shirts, showing presence on public transport, openly accessible buildings such as shopping malls and other public areas.
They are equipped with radio and pepper spray and are authorised to conduct a stop (§ 21, Abs. 1 SÀchsisches Polizeigesetz) of a similar nature to officers in Bavaria or Hesse.
Hong Kong
Main article: Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force
The Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force (HKAPF, traditional Chinese:
?), established in 1914, provides additional manpower to the Hong Kong Police Force ('HKPF') during emergencies and other incidents. From 1969 to 1997, the HKAPF was known as the Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force (RHKAPF).[1]
Auxiliary police officers are paid hourly wages and have similar duties to full-time members of the HKPF. Most are armed and, like members of the HKPF, are equipped with full gear and weapons including pepper spray, expandable batons and Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolvers as sidearms, with spare ammunition, while some are armed with Remington 870 shotguns. The HKAPF reports to the Commissioner of Police.
Hungary
Matrix-Police system
Matrix Police logo
The Hungarian term for auxiliary is called "Polgår?rség" which can be translated as "Civil Guard". The formal English name of this organisation is "Nationwide Civil Self-Defense Organizations" and the short Hungarian name is OPSZ. This entirely civilian organization includes uniformed and unarmed operatives who take part in police work in various fields such as:
neighbourhood watch
regular patrol with marked cars
performing citizen's arrests by keeping criminals on the scene of the crime until the arrival of formal police, but only in the case of in flagrante delicto.
assisting police officers on duty
youth crime prevention units
automatic number plate recognition unit called Matrix Police.
The Hungarian Auxiliary Police was established in 1989 and brought under the provisions of Act 52 of the Hungarian Parliament in 2006. It is composed of civic-minded residents of the community who work together to improve the level of safety and security in their community. The presence of the Auxiliary Police, in uniform, on patrol in marked police units has been proven to reduce vandalism and other crimes in the community. The force is currently made up of 80,000 volunteer members.
In the capital city of Hungary there is a "Civil Self-Defense Organizations of Budapest (and suburbia)"; the short Hungarian name is BPSZ. Members are assigned to 62 local community units and patrol in marked vehicles helping to make their community a safer place to live. They help prevent criminal activity by being the "eyes and ears" of the Police Department. The BPSZ is a member of the OPSZ.
Hungarian Auxiliary Police members do not possess more authority or rights than any other citizen. However effective 1 September 2009, act 84 of the year 2009 allows members to carry police issue pepper spray, as well as to direct traffic at traffic collision sites and pedestrian crossings in front of kindergartens and primary schools.
India
Indian Home Guard Triservices Crest
The Home Guards Organization was reorganised in India in 1962 and The Indian Home Guard is an Indian paramilitary force which is tasked as an auxiliary to the Indian Police. Members of the Indian Home Guard are equipped with and trained to use older weapons such as the LeeâEnfield SMLE rifle in .303 caliber, Sten sub-machine gun and Bren light machine-guns.
The duties to be performed by Home Guards are:
To serve as auxiliary to the police and generally help in maintaining internal security.
To help the community in any kind of emergency - such as on air-raid precautions or on any natural disaster.
To function as an Emergency Force intended for special tasks directly or indirectly connected with the defence of the country.
To maintain functional units to provide essential services such as motor transport, engineering groups, fire brigade, nursing and first aid, operation of power supply, water installations and communication systems etc.
The Border Wing of 18 battalions assists the Border Security Force.
Marine Units function as an Indian Coast Guard auxiliary.
The Fire Wing assists the Indian Fire service.
Indonesia
"Citra Bhayangkara" or "PokdarKamtibmas" (Kelompok Sadar Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat) - Security and Community Safety Awareness group or FKPM (Forum Kemitraan Polisi dan Masyarakat) Police and Community Partnership Forum.
Established in 1992 by the Indonesia National Police Chief, the Indonesian Auxiliary Police, commonly known as POKDAR (PokdarKamtibmas), are both Uniformed and Non-uniformed.
The uniform was similar to the real Indonesian National Police (POLRI - Polisi Republik Indonesia), except the Police Badge on the left chest are absence. The uniform was later changed to a simple black "sleeve-less" jacket, with yellow "POKDARKAMTIBMAS" written on the back.
The auxiliary policemen are un-armed and equipped with police radios and handcuffs and are issued an ID similar to the ones used by the National Police.
Duties:
Assist the National Police with neighborhood watch.
Intel gathering.
Assist Police Raid on anything from routine police road blocks/check-points to apprehending high risk criminals.
Minimal undercover work.
Help the Emergency Response Unit to maintain security and safety of the community in the event of Fire, Accidents or any other disaster.
Ireland
Main article: Garda SĂochĂĄna Reserve
The Garda SĂochĂĄna are aided by an auxiliary force called the Garda SĂochĂĄna Reserve, often simply called Garda Reserve. The position was created in 2006, with a planned 4,000 persons to join the Reserve according to An Garda SĂochana Act 2005. The force are mainly involved in legislation relating to traffic, public order, theft and burglary.
They have limited powers, authorised by the Garda Commissioner. Garda Reserve members cannot drive a Garda patrol car, must be accompanied by a full member of the force while on patrol, and aren't allowed to carry firearms. Reserve members carry out duties such as event policing, attend court proceedings, assist at road check-points and road collisions. Reserves members are given training in relation to law, human rights, Garda communication, self-defence and Garda discipline and procedures.
Israel
Auxiliary Israel.jpg
The Israeli term for auxiliary is Mishmar Ezrachi which can be translated as "Civil Guard". This organization includes uniformed and non-uniformed civilians who take part in police work in various fields such as: neighbourhood watch, regular patrol with marked cars, traffic city police, highway police, bomb squad assistants, youth crime prevention unit, police coast guard, sniper units, border patrol, and police diving unit. This Auxiliary force is vital to keep the regular missions of the Israeli Police running, because of the nature of life in Israel, where there are many anti-terrorist and bomb threat missions.
As of today, the Civil Guard is a division in the "Police and Community" branch of the Israel Police. The Civil Guard is managed and supported by the police which provide weapons, equipment, training and police officers who command local Civil Guard bases (each community has one or more Civil Guard bases).
Although the Civil Guard is operated by the police, its manpower consists mainly of civilian volunteers. Members are trained to provide the initial response to a security situation until the police arrive.
Most Civil Guard volunteers are armed with M1 Carbines and personal handguns (if the member has a civilian gun license). The Civil Guard is composed mainly of "classic" volunteers who do patrols (in car or on foot) once in a while. They go through basic training and have [sometimes limited] police powers while on duty. They may apprehend a suspected person or even make an arrest if necessary.
Equipment of the Civil Guard generally consists of a fluorescent yellow police vest, flashlight, radio, firearms, handcuffs and whatever else may be required particular to the assignment. Equipment is returned at the end of the shift. Most volunteers manage about one shift a week (2 to 4+ hours), while the minimum requirement is 12 hours a month.
There are also Matmid (
?"?) volunteers which operate far more intensively than "Classic"s in regular police work. Yatam (??"?) volunteers mainly operate in traffic control. Both Matmid and Yatam are more like volunteer police officers. They have almost all the authorities of a regular police officer. They receive advanced training and wear regular police uniforms.
The Civil Guard also has special units (such as snipers (dismantled), dune buggy riders(dismantled), bicycle-riders, search-and-rescue teams, cavalry (dismantled), divers, translators, and drivers), but their members have to go through additional training and have a higher level of commitment (they have to volunteer for more hours a month).
Recently, due to main power issues in the police, the "Classics" are now sent to courses in order to be uniformed and assist the police. The Auxiliary Police and the regular police are assuming almost the same functions when they are patrolling together.
The main difference of the Israeli Auxiliary Police forces to their counterpart worldwide is that:
Off duty they don't have any power. It is absolutely forbidden to them to help the law enforcement when off duty. Off duty they can't prevent a crime in progress nor show their identities in order to prevent it.
Lately they received new IDâs showing that they are Auxiliary Police and not Police. The discrimination gap from the police is more visible.
When they are injured they are considered as civilian by the government. And they are considered as officers by the insurance companies. Insurance companies are avoiding them.
The authorities are almost blind and just sending the injured Auxiliary Police to the National Insurance who is considering the case as a normal daily work accident. Every year from 70.000 Auxiliary Police 250 (known) are injured and not covered. Their normal police officer counterpart are receiving full coverage in case of injuries.
This engrossing gap is causing frustration in the community of Auxiliary Police which during a mission is assuming the same responsibilities of a police officer but not covered as their normal counterpart.
Malaysia
This section is about security police in Malaysia. For Malaysian volunteer police, see Police Volunteer Reserve Corp (Malaysia).
A Malaysia Airports auxiliary police officer examining a passenger to prevent dangerous goods from being brought onto an airplane Kota Kinabalu International Airport, Malaysia.
A Malaysia Airport auxiliary police officer examining a list of luggage being scanned at Kota Kinabalu International Airport.
In Malaysia, auxiliary police refers to sworn security police officers serving in autonomous government agencies and key government-linked companies/entities such as Northport (Malaysia) Bhd (Northport), Petroleum Nasional Berhad (Petronas), the Malaysian Federal Reserve Bank (Bank Negara), the National Anti-Drug Agency (Agensi Anti-Dadah Kebangsaan - AADK), the Federal Land Development Agency (FELDA) and the Inland Revenue Board (Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri); and other institutions with semi-governmental interests. Such institutions include the National Savings Bank (Bank Simpanan Nasional - BSN), Malayan Railways Limited (Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad - KTMB), Pos Malaysia Holdings Berhad (the national postal service), Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (the largest Malaysian airport operator), the North-South Highway Project (Projek Lebuhraya Utara Selatan - PLUS), Tenaga Nasional Berhad (the national power service), Sarawak Energy Berhad (Public Utilities) and other similar strategic organizations.
Most of these organizations have already been privatized, but are allowed to maintain an auxiliary police unit. Under special circumstances, auxiliary police units have also been established by private companies with no government interests at all such as the force maintained by Resorts World Berhad (RWB), the company that operates the popular resort and casino at Genting Highlands. At present, there are 153 government agencies, statutory bodies and private companies authorized to operate their own auxiliary police units, with a total strength of 40,610 personnel.[2]
They are not attached per se to the Royal Malaysian Police, but are granted some police powers such as the power to carry out minor investigations or to make arrests within their area of jurisdiction. However, they are totally autonomous in matters related to the security of their company's premises and facilities. Some forces are also conferred the authority to issue traffic summonses (that are paid to the Federal Government, not the issuing organization) for offences committed on their area of jurisdiction. While Malaysian auxiliary police officers are empowered to carry firearms, for this purpose they are subject to the same application and approval procedures as any other private company instead of being treated as part of the Royal Malaysian Police.
It was announced in May 2010 that auxiliary police units will be allowed to enforce federal laws outside of their designated company/agency premises or areas, but the extent of this authority is yet to be determined. In his speech to officiate the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA)'s Auxiliary Police Firearms Range in Seremban, the Malaysian Deputy Home Minister, Abu Seman Yusop, said that auxiliary police officers "are also empowered to carry out their duties outside the workplace" in order to "help reduce crime".
Malaysian auxiliary police uniforms have been traditionally different from those of the regular police, but a consolidation exercise by the Management Department of the Royal Malaysian Police Federal Headquarters (Bukit Aman) in 2004 has since authorised the use of regular police dress, insignia and other paraphernalia for sworn auxiliary police officers. The only differences are the unit patches with company logo, e.g. Polis Bantuan Petronas (worn by auxiliary police officers only, sewn on the left sleeve), the shoulder title (which says "Polis Bantuan" or Auxiliary Police, instead of "Polis Diraja" or Royal Police) and the service number (worn by junior police officers of Sergeant Major rank and below, just above the right breast pocket; auxiliary police numbers begin with the letters 'PB' whereas regular officers numbers do not contain any letters.)
Under Malaysian law, auxiliary police officers are obliged to serve voluntarily and are therefore not paid by the Government. As such, they are designated full-time employees of the departments or corporations they serve and are remunerated on a different scale than regular police officers.
Under the Police Act of 1967 (Revised 1988) (Act 344), the Inspector-General of Police (IGP), with the consent of the Minister in charge of police affairs and the King, may appoint any person to hold honorary auxiliary police ranks to the level of Superintendent of Police and below, and to establish their areas of jurisdiction.
Mexico
Mexico City Auxiliary Police are security police who work for the SSP and provide protection to government buildings, airports, etc. They do not protect banks or other financial institutions as these are protected by the Banking Police (Bancarios). See Ministry of Public Security (Mexico City)#Complimentary Police.
Netherlands
Since 1948, the Dutch police forces have had different forms of voluntary police officers. In 1948, shortly after WWII, the Reserve Police was established. First, their job was to 'come into service' in case of an emergency. With World War II only a few years behind the country, this seemed a very logical choice. The Reserve Police, as it was called from 1948 until 1994, consisted of men (and later women) who worked as fully armed and equipped police officers. Similar to their full-time colleagues they were equipped with a pistol, short baton, and handcuffs.
After some time the reason for the presence of voluntary police officers had changed. No longer were these men and women called into service only for emergencies. More and more they became part of the regular teams of police officers and started doing all sorts of regular police tasks. As of 1994, along with the first great reform of the Dutch police, police volunteers were fully integrated into the 25 regional police forces. Between 1994 and 2010, new voluntary police officers were no longer equipped with a pistol. Those who started before 1994 were allowed to keep their pistol, as long as they kept up training. Since 2005, all voluntary police officers are equipped with pepper spray. As of today, voluntary police officers are again equipped with a pistol, after having acquired a full police diploma, successfully completed several years of field-experience as an unarmed officer, and completed an additional police safety training. In 2012 the initial training program for new voluntary police officers was changed, reducing the training from three years down to one year. Dutch voluntary police officers hold the same police powers and wear the same uniform as their professional counterparts.
Since around the year 2000, police forces in the Netherlands started experimenting with police volunteers who performed administrative, house keeping, and other tasks. Labour unions have always criticized this. As of today, no definitive form for this type of volunteerism has been found and it still is subject of negotiations.
Usually the age for Auxiliary Police are 16-18 once they pass the volunteer program they may apply to be a full-time Police Officer
Some of the Volunteer Duties include
Staff Duties
Human Resources
Police Search and Recovery units
Buurtbeveiliging (Meaning Neighbourhood Security)
Norway
In Norway, conscripts who have completed their initial period of military training, can be transferred to the auxiliary police Politireserven (PR) rather than joining the military reserves. The PR is managed by the Mobile Police, and is intended to reinforce the regular police in case of national emergencies or disasters. The PR only exists in the central eastern part of the country. After a ten-day introduction course, and with refresher courses every few years, the PR troops can be used for armed or unarmed guard duties, border and traffic checkpoints, and for public order duties.[3]
Russia
The Voluntary People's Druzhina was the auxiliary law enforcement of the Soviet Union and continues to be in today's modern Russia.
Singapore
In Singapore, auxiliary police are security police appointed under Section 92(1) or (2) of the Police Force Act 2004 and are vested with all the power, protection and immunity of a police officer of corresponding rank and are licensed to carry firearms when carrying out their duties.[4] Auxiliary police officers are full-time employees of companies known as auxiliary police forces (APF),[5] and are not directly affiliated to the Singapore Police Force (SPF). Auxiliary police officers are trained through attending a residential training course, the curriculum of which is set by the Security Industry Regulatory Department (now the Police Licensing and Regulatory Department), a department of the SPF established by in 2004 to regulate the security industry.[5]
After passing the training course and being appointed as auxiliary police, each auxiliary police officer is issued with a warrant card signed by the Commissioner of Police of the SPF with a National Skills Recognition Scheme certificate.[6][7]
The first APF originated from the Airport Security Force formed under the Department of Civil Aviation in 1956 to guard and patrol at the former Paya Lebar Airport. In July 1963, it was officially designated as an APF.
In 1965, Malayan Airways formed its own APF as well. In 1967, when Malayan Airways was renamed Malaysia Singapore Airlines (MSA), the Security Department was called MSA Police. When MSA was broken up into Singapore Airlines and Malaysian Airlines System in 1972, the Singapore component of the MSA Police became the SIA Auxiliary Police Force. In 1973, when Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS) was incorporated by SIA as a fully owned subsidiary, the SIA Auxiliary Police Force was renamed the SATS Auxiliary Police Force. In 1989, it was restructured as SATS Security Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of SATS Ltd.
In 1972, to meet the need of the commercial world in Singapore for armed guards, till then provided by the SPF's Guards and Escort Unit, the Parliament of Singapore passed an act to spin off the Guards and Escort Unit into a statutory board named the Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation (CISCO).
There were also other auxiliary police forces in Singapore such as the Pulau Bukom Auxiliary Police, CIAS Auxiliary Police (since renamed the Aetos Auxiliary Police Force), and the PSA Auxiliary Police (since merged with Aetos). These auxiliary police forces were granted licences and powers under the Police Force Act to operate only in restricted geographical areas, such as in the ports, airports, or Pulau Bukom Island.
In October 2004, following the enactment of the Police Force Act 2004, these auxiliary police forces were no longer restricted to operate in the airport or seaports and could offer their services throughout the whole island of Singapore.[4][8]
There are currently five auxiliary police forces in Singapore:[9]
Aetos Auxiliary Police Force (part of Aetos Security Management)
Certis CISCO Auxiliary Police Force (part of Certis Group)
Installations Auxiliary Police Force
Pulau Bukom Auxiliary Police Force
SATS Auxiliary Police Force (part of SATS Security Services)
In 2017, some of the APFs are looking to recruit Taiwanese nationals due to problems in recruiting and retaining Singaporeans and Malaysians alike.[10] Some were deployed to work at land checkpoints alongside Singaporeans in 2018.[11]
According to reports from Radio Taiwan International, some Taiwanese nationals refuse to continue working due to the stress in their assigned job posts.[12]
South Korea
In South Korea, Auxiliary Police (AP) have a military-like structure, in that it consists of volunteers selected among eligible males (aged 18â35) who have not yet fulfilled the nation's obligatory military duty and the service in the Auxiliary Police is accepted as an equivalent of the military duty. The length of service for the auxiliary policemen is 21 months, which is identical to that of ROK Army enlistments. Also, within the Auxiliary Police rank, there exists four sub-ranks similar to the four enlisted ranks in the ROK Army: Private Constable (??; Igyeong), Private Constable First Class (??; Ilgyeong), Corporal Constable (??; Sanggyeong), and Sergeant Constable (??; Sugyeong).
When enlisted, volunteers first go through a four-week basic military training at Korea Army Training Center under administration of Ministry of National Defense. The recruits are then handed over to the Ministry of Public Administration and Security for later administration, and are given a three-week police training before being deployed to various police units (that are each no bigger than the size of a company) throughout the country. Depending on their assignment, the Auxiliary Policemen may assist the national police with a wide array of police works, such as riot policing, traffic control, crowd control, surveillance and patrol. Upon completion of their service, Auxiliary Policemen are discharged with a Sergeant rank in the ROK Army Reserve (except in cases of demotion).[13]
Sri Lanka
The Sri Lanka Reserve Police was an auxiliary police that supported the Sri Lanka Police until it was disbanded in 2006 with its personal transferred to the Sri Lanka Police.[14] However, as of 2008, a Community Police, also known as Civil Committees has been established around the country (mostly in urban areas) to increase public safety, following a series of bombings and attacks on buses and trains[15] by suspected Tamil Tigers.[16][17]
Sweden
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The Swedish Auxiliary Police, Beredskapspolisen, was created in 1986 with the purpose to aid the regular police, primarily as a pool of trained manpower in special situations such as larger disturbances of the peace, major black-outs and power failures and natural disasters. The Swedish police force was increased in size from around 2006 and the Swedish Auxiliary Police were disbanded on 1 October 2012 as being no longer needed. At the time of its disbandment it had 1,500 officers.[18]
The Auxiliary Police were organised with at least one section per lÀn. Each section consisted of two or more troops and each troop consisted of three eight-man squads. All leadership positions were filled by experienced police officers from the regular police force who had undergone leadership training. The auxiliary police officers were recruited exclusively among people who had completed their military service but since 1 January 2008 military service was no longer a requirement.
The uniforms were similar to the regular police with the exception of the name Beredskapspolis instead of Polis. The auxiliary police did not initially carry pistols, but only used the Carl Gustav M/45 which was also used by the regular police in special situations. Later, this weapon was replaced by a police version of the Army's Ak 5 - the CGA5P. Later, the auxiliary police was, when needed, armed only with the standard Swedish police pistol the SIG Sauer.
United Kingdom
See also: Special Constabulary
The Special Constabulary is the part-time volunteer section of a statutory police force in the United Kingdom or some Crown dependencies. Its officers are known as special constables or informally as specials. Specials have opportunities to be promoted to supervisory ranks (such as sergeant and inspector), however they are limited to the office of constable and as such do not receive additional police powers if promoted to the rank of inspector. Special promotions are merely administrative and do not reflect the equivalent regular rank.
Special Constables are permitted to carry all equipment utilised by their full-time counterparts - including a baton, PAVA or CS spray and handcuffs. Special Constables, however, aren't permitted to train in the use of Tasers or take up firearms roles. They are, sometimes, allowed to join other specialist units such as Roads Policing Units.
The Police Service of Northern Ireland, the only routinely armed force in the UK, does not have a Special Constabulary. It does, however, have a Reserve programme. Reserve Constables are paid for their part-time work and are permitted to carry their personal protection weapon (PPW) on and off-duty, like their regular counterparts.
United States
Sayreville, New Jersey auxiliary police car
Nassau County, New York auxiliary police car
The U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that, as of 2013, there were more than 29,000 unpaid reserve (auxiliary) officers in the United States, and about 32% of local police departments had a reserve officer program.[19] Larger cities are generally more likely to have a reserve program than smaller cities; 62% of police departments that patrol areas with a population of over 1 million have a police reserve program, while only 26% of the smallest departments (serving areas with a population lower than 2,500) do.[19]
In late 2010, an opinion by Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan affirmed that state law requires auxiliary police in Illinois (numbering about 1,000 auxiliary police officers and sheriff's deputies statewide) to be state-certified officers.[20] After the opinion was issued, the Illinois Police Reserves (which for decades had provided auxiliary police services, such as crowd control, in a number of suburban Chicago municipalities) ended training of new volunteers and its relationship with the suburb governments because its volunteers were not state-certified. However, in 2014, the organization resumed recruiting and doing unsanctioned training, which caught the attention of authorities "investigating non-government, legally unrecognized reserve police organizations" viewed as potentially deceptive.[21] The Chicago-based watchdog group Better Government Association has criticized the practice of maintaining uncertified auxiliary police officers in Illinois and nationwide; writing, following a joint investigation in 2019 with WMAQ-TV (NBC5 Investigates): "Most of the time, this army of under-trained cops works without incident in low-risk tasks such as directing traffic or standing the rope line at parades. But the practice has also been plagued by nepotism, politics, and questionable policing."[22] The group pointed to a number of cases of misconduct by Illinois auxiliary officers over the previous decades, including some incidents that had led to towns settling legal claims brought against them due to auxiliary officers' misconduct.[22] In 2015, a volunteer reserve deputy in Oklahoma fatally shot Eric Harris, an unarmed black man; the reserve deputy was convicted of manslaughter.[22]
The New York City Police Department's Auxiliary Police consists of about 4,500 unarmed volunteer auxiliary officers who conduct foot patrols, traffic-control duty, and other activities.[23] In a 1991 decision, the New York Court of Appeals held that the "fellow-officer rule" (a rule allowing a police officer "to rely on a communication from another police officer and to act upon it in making an arrest") applied to auxiliary officers.[24]
Historical auxiliary police units
Germany
Federal Republic of Germany
Freiwillige Polizei-Reserve
East Germany
Freiwilliger Helfer der Grenztruppen
Freiwilliger Helfer der Volkspolizei
Nazi Germany
Hilfspolizei
Jewish Ghetto Police
Poland
Ochotnicza Rezerwa Milicji Obywatelskiej
Spain
Guardia Civil Auxiliar (operative between 1982 and 1993)
Somaten (under 1939 and 1976)
United Kingdom
Royal Ulster Constabulary Reserve,
Ulster Special Constabulary,
Black and Tans,
Auxiliary Division
See also
Aetos Security Management, Singapore
Certis Group, Singapore
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Reserves, Los Angeles
Police Service of Northern Ireland Reserve
SATS Security Services, Singapore
State Police of Crawford and Erie Counties
New Mexico Mounted Patrol
References
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"Politi.no - Politireserven". Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
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"Staff Departments". Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
"Search Results Details".
"New police warrant cards to prevent imposters".
"News@Home". Archived from the original on 17 June 2007.
"Auxiliary Police Forces". Supplementary Legislation No. 992 of 12 May 1961.
"Long hours, thankless job: Singapore's security sector struggles to secure talent".
"Taiwanese auxiliary police officers to be deployed at land checkpoints: Shanmugam".
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??".
ap.police.go.kr/sub/intro/intro_01.jsp[permanent dead link]
"News.lk". Retrieved 3 December 2016.
"Railway bomb suspect was a quiet neighbour who kept odd hours". Retrieved 3 December 2016.
25 civil committees to be set up islandwide, by Jayampathy Jayasinghe, sundayobserver Archived 1 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
Sri Lanka Security News | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse Newspapers Archived 8 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
"Report: Auxiliary police to be abolished". Radio Sweden. 14 September 2011.
Brian A. Reaves, NCJ 248677: Local Police Departments, 2013: Personnel, Policies, and Practices, U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics (May 2015).
Matthew Walberg (22 April 2013). "Use of auxiliary officers at issue in Illinois". Chicago Tribune.
Chuck Goudie & Barb Markoff, Illinois Police Reserves: An 'appearance of authority', WLS-TV (March 16, 2020).
Jared Rutecki & Brett McNeil, Auxiliary Officers Pose Risks in Illinois Towns, Better Government Association/WMAQ-TV (April 17, 2019).
Michael Wilson, Playing Police Officers, With a Car as Part of the Costume, New York Times (March 13, 2015).
People v. Rosario, 78 N.Y.2d 583, 585 N.E.2d 766, 578 N.Y.S.2d 454 (1991).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Auxiliary police.
Canada
RCMP Auxiliary
Ontario Provincial Police Auxiliary
Toronto Police Auxiliary
Halton Regional Police Auxiliary Unit
Canadian Auxiliary/Reserve Constables Forum
Hong Kong
Website of Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force
Hungary
OPSZ - Nationwide Civil Self-Defense Organizations of Hungary
BPSZ - Civil Self-Defense Organizations of Budapest
Matrix Police Auxiliary Police Organization of Hungary
Polgår?rség Szentendre (Auxiliary Police of Szentendre) - Civil Self Defense Organization of Szentendre City, Hungary
RĂĄdiĂł P a polgĂĄr?r rĂĄdiĂł-The voice of the Hungarian auxiliary police
United States
[https://www.schenectadycounty.com/content/schenectady-county-auxiliary-police
Eastchester
PoliceReserveOfficer.com
Baltimore County Auxiliary Police
Chesterfield County Virginia Auxiliary Police
Florida Highway Patrol Auxiliary
Hazel Park, Michigan Auxiliary Police
Nassau County Auxiliary Police
NYPD Auxiliary Police
Sayreville, NJ Auxiliary Police
Somerville, Mass Auxiliary Police Department
University of Maryland Police Auxiliary
Walnut Creek, California Police Reserves
Winthrop Auxiliary Police Department
Reserve Police Officers Association (RPOA)
New York State Association of Auxiliary Police
Sweden
Beredskapspolisföreningen (Swedish Auxiliary Police Association)
Official homepage of the Swedish Auxiliary Police
vte
Types of law enforcement agencies
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Categories: Auxiliary police unitsLaw enforcement units
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17:36
Planeten Filione - 006
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-01-18 23:50:57]
16:52
Filione
Storlek jĂ€mfört med Jorden: Filione Ă€r ungefĂ€r 2 Âœ gĂ„nger sĂ„ stor som Jorden.
Ă
rets lÀngd: 87 dagar.
Dygnets lÀngd: 2 jorddygn 10 timmar 14 minuter.
AtmosfÀr: Liknar Jordens med KvÀve och Syre, men har ocksÄ lite
Metangas.Det Àr dÀrför Mira och de andra tycker att det luktar
unket pÄ Filione.
Ytan: Filione Àr nÀstan helt tÀckt av skog. Under
ytan finns det gigantiska underjordiska sjöar,
men det enda vattnet pÄ jordytan Äterfinns
i bÀckar och mindre Äar.
Medelgravitation: 11,53 m/sekÂČ. En
mÀnniska Àr nÄgot tyngre Àn pÄ Jorden.
Livsformer: Filione Àr tÀckt med trÀd,
buskar och annan vÀxtlighet.
Planeten befolkas mest av fÄglar
och insekter, men Àr Àven
hemvist för det mytomspunna
Pentafolket.
SevÀrdheter: Inga större
sevÀrdheter,men de som
haft turen att fÄ uppleva
en av Pentafolkets dygnslÄnga
midsommarfester ÄtervÀnder
gÀrna gÄng pÄ gÄng.
23:50
005
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-01-13 20:21:45]
20:21
X 7 - work harder, make your self better and try again
004
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-01-09 16:49:01]
16:48
Krasnyj
Storlek jÀmfört med Jorden:
Kraxnyj Àr dubbelt sÄ stor som Jorden.
Ă
rets lÀngd: 158 dagar.
Dygnets lÀngd: 14 timmar 12 minuter.
AtmosfÀr: Luften pÄ Krasnyj Àr totalt
förstörd efter hundratalsÄr av miljöfarliga
utslÀpp. Koldioxid, svavel och cyanider
dominerar.
Ytan: Raserade byggnader och fabriker
byggda pÄ berggrunden och över de
förgiftade sjöarna.
Medelgravitation: 11,79 m/sekÂČ. En
mÀnniska Àr lite tyngre Àn pÄ Jorden.
Livsformer: Krasnyj var en gÄng i tiden en
lika levande planet som Jorden, men befolkningen
pÄ Krasnyj dödade med tiden allt levande med giftiga
utslÀpp frÄn sina fabriker och fordon, samt sina mÄnga
krig. De enda överlevande pÄ planeten Àr vissa tÄliga
insekter, vÀxter och de sjÀllösa mutanterna (som hÀrstammar
frÄn urbefolkningen).
SevÀrdheter: HÀr fanns förut mÄnga imponerande byggnadsverk och
konstverk, sÄsom det Urgisiska tornet med sina 5000 vÄningar eller de
Poliiska sjöarna med sina konstgjorda antigravitoriska vattenfall. Men efter
det sista stora kriget finns inget av vÀrde kvar att se.
ĂVRIG INFORMATION
STĂDER:
Lanera
Lanera var Krasnyjs huvudstad pÄ den största kontinenten.
hÀr fanns mÄnga museer, vetenskaps-akademier och diplomatkvarteren och Alliansens Senatbyggnad.
Astrografiskt
System
Krasnyj systemet
Solar
1
Fysiskt
AtmosfÀr
Ingen, (nuvarande) Giftig gas,
Syre (tidigare)
Klimat
Ăken (nuvarande)
Jordliknande klimat (tidigare)
Gravitation
0.8-1.2 g
Huvudsaklig terrÀng
Rester av f.d. stÀder, (nuvarande)
StÀder (tidigare)
SamhÀlleligt
Ursprungliga arter
Ingen, (nuvarande)
OkÀnd humanoid ras
Mutanter (tidigare)
Krasnyj Àr Àven kÀnd som Domedagsplaneten eller Röda planeten.
Krasnyj var en gÄng en blomstrade planet som var bebodd av en ras
som liknade mÀnniskor. Befolkningen ökade, vetenskapen gick framÄt
man var pÄ vÀg att ge sig ut i rymden liknade som mÀnskligheten som
idag. Men tyvÀrr fanns de som pÄ Jorden, girighet, rÀdsla och ondska.
För tusen Är sedan bröt det stora kriget ut. Ett krig som totalt förstörde planeten.
Idag Àr Krachnyj tÀckt av ett flera km tjock molntÀcke av giftig gas.
NÀstan alla livsformer Àr utdöda och kvar i mörket finns bara mutanter.
I en av den gamlas civilisationens fabriker stÄr det en maskin och tickar
som innehÄller ett meddelande och en gÄva frÄn den utdöda civilisationen.
HistoriaRedigera
För tusen Är sedan var Krasnyj Àr vÀrld med blÄa hav och gröna lÀnder,
och det tekniska var ungefÀr som Jorden och invÄnarna var nÀra pÄ att
göra rymdfÀrder. Men sÄ utbröt det stora kriget som total förstörde vÀrlden
och utrotade hela befolkningen och lÀmnade vÀrlden i ruiner.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HISTORIA
det stora kriget - prolog
DIVERSE STĂDER PĂ
KRASNYJ
YTAN PĂ
KRASNYJ
dÀr Peos expedition landar pÄ krasnyj Àr huvudstaden
fabriken som dom hittar metallcylindern i, Àr krasnyj största fabrik.
den Àr 4.8 km lÄng - 3 km bred och 670 meter hög
denna fabrik Àr en militÀr anlÀggning dÀr det mesta av krasnyjs militÀra vertyg tillverkades
hÀr tillverkades Àven domedagsmaskinen.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 januari
Ăndra - Ta bort [2021-01-08 21:07:00]
21:06
79 - "Keep shooting; eventually you're bound to hit something."
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