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Post by Freddie on Sept 6, 2019 7:41:15 GMT 1
Logo Boy Scouts of America Search Join Give Shop My.Scouting Login Home > Programs > Scouts BSA > Advancement and Awards > Merit Badges Scouts BSA Merit Badges You can learn about sports, crafts, science, trades, business, and future careers as you earn merit badges. There are more than 135 merit badges, and any Scout, or any qualified Venturer or Sea Scout may earn any of these at any time. Pick a Subject. Talk to your unit leader about your interests. Read the requirements of the merit badges you think might interest you, and pick one to earn. Your leader will give you the name of a person from a list of counselors. These individuals have special knowledge in their merit badge subjects and are interested in helping you. Scout Buddy System. You must have another person with you at each meeting with the merit badge counselor. This person can be your parent or legal guardian, or another registered adult. Call the Merit Badge Counselor. Get a signed Application for Merit Badge, No. 34124 or No. 34130, from your unit leader. Get in touch with the merit badge counselor and explain that you want to earn the badge. The counselor may ask to meet you to explain what is expected and to start helping you meet the requirements. You should also discuss work you have already started or possibly completed. At the first meeting, you and your merit badge counselor will review and may start working on the requirements. In some cases, you may share the work you have already started or completed. Unless otherwise specified, work on a requirement can be started at any time. Ask your counselor to help you learn the things you need to know or do. You should read the merit badge pamphlet on the subject. Many troops, schools, and public libraries have them. Show Your Stuff. When you are ready, call the counselor again to make an appointment. When you go, take along the things you have made to meet the requirements. If they are too big to move, take pictures or have an adult tell in writing what you have done. The counselor will test you on each requirement to make sure you know your stuff and have done or can do the things required. Get the Badge. When the counselor is satisfied you have met each requirement, he or she will sign your application. Give the signed application to your unit leader so your merit badge emblem can be secured for you. Merit badge requirements are revised as needed to reflect updated information and technology. Refer to the latest Scouts BSA Requirements book for merit badge requirement updates. The current Scouts BSA Requirements book is available from your local Scouting merchandise distributor. It may also be ordered online at ScoutShop.org . Requirements. You are expected to meet the requirements as they are stated—no more and no less. You must do exactly what is stated in the requirements. If it says “show or demonstrate,” that is what you must do. Just telling about it isn’t enough. The same thing holds true for such words as “make,” “list,” “in the field,” and “collect,” “identify,” and “label.” The requirements listed below are the current and official requirements of the Boy Scouts of America. Occasionally, the requirements will not match those in the printed Scout Handbook, the annual Scouts BSA Requirements book, or some merit badge pamphlets because of the timing of their printing schedules. If a new edition of a merit badge pamphlet is introduced with updated requirements after the Scouts BSA Requirements book has been released, a Scout who is starting the badge may choose to follow either set of requirements until the end of the year. At the start of the new year, Scouts who are beginning must use only the new requirements. If a Scout has already started working on a merit badge when a new edition of the pamphlet is introduced, they may continue to use the same pamphlet and fulfill the requirements therein to earn the badge. They need not start over again with the new pamphlet and revised requirements. There is no time limit for starting and completing a merit badge, but all work must be completed by the time a Scout turns 18. Requirements Updated 2019 Merit badge requirement updates from 2019 Scouts BSA Requirements (33216): American Business (completely revised) American Labor (1) Archery (3b; for 5, option A: f1[d], f3; for 5, option B: f1[d], f3; deleted 4f) Bird Study (1, 3, 3a; added 3d; new 6; renumbered existing 6, 7, 8; added 10, 11) Communication (1d) First Aid (1, 5, 8) Fly-Fishing (3, 9, 10; added 11) Forestry (2c) Geocaching (7, 8c; deleted 5c, 5d) Golf (1, 7b) Law (11d) Lifesaving (Second Class requirements 5c and 5d) Motorboating (5, 5e, 5f, 5g; added 4h, 4i; deleted 6) Personal Management (2a, 2b, 4b, 4c, 5, 6,  , 10a, 10b; added 2c, 2d, 4d, 4e) Railroading (added 8a[8]) Reptile and Amphibian Study (8a, 8b) Rifle Shooting (1f; added 1f[1] and 1f[2; for 2, option C: b, h) Rowing (2) Scouting Heritage (2a) Soil and Water Conservation (added 4e) Woodwork (5, 6) Merit Badge Requirements Below is a list, in alphabetical order, of all of the current merit badge subjects. Click each subject to see the requirements for that merit badge. The requirements posted here are the most current, accurate, and official. This will always be the best place to find the most up-to-date requirements. 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Post by Freddie on Sept 20, 2019 16:23:09 GMT 1
Wiki Loves Monuments: Photograph a monument, help Wikipedia and win! Learn more Casper (film) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the film. For the character, see Casper the Friendly Ghost. For the video games based on this film, see Casper (video game). For the medical school admissions test, see CASPer. For other uses, see Casper. Casper Casper poster.jpg Theatrical release poster Directed by Brad Silberling Produced by Colin Wilson Written by Sherri Stoner Deanna Oliver Uncredited: J. J. Abrams Based on Casper the Friendly Ghost by Seymour Reit Joe Oriolo Starring Christina Ricci Bill Pullman Cathy Moriarty Eric Idle Music by James Horner Cinematography Dean Cundey Edited by Michael Kahn Production company Amblin Entertainment The Harvey Entertainment Company Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date May 26, 1995 Running time 101 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $55 million[1] Box office $287.9 million[1] Casper is a 1995 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Brad Silberling, based on the Harvey Comics cartoon character Casper the Friendly Ghost created by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo. The film stars Christina Ricci, Bill Pullman, Cathy Moriarty, Eric Idle, and Amy Brenneman, and also features the voices of Malachi Pearson in the title role as well as Joe Nipote, Joe Alaskey, and Brad Garrett. The film makes extensive use of computer-generated imagery to create the ghosts, and it is the first feature film to have a fully CGI character in the lead role. It goes for a much darker interpretation of the Friendly Ghost in comparison to the comics, cartoons, and films of the previous years, especially with its theme of death, most notably providing the character a tragic backstory that addresses his death. Casper was released in cinemas on May 26, 1995 by Universal Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics and earned $287.9 million[1] on a $55 million[1] budget. It went on to spawn direct-to-video follow-up films and an animated television spin-off, The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper. Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 2.1 Cameos 3 Production 4 Soundtrack 5 Reception 5.1 Box office 5.2 Critical reception 6 Legacy 6.1 TV series 6.2 Cancelled Sequel/Prequel 6.3 Video games 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Plot In Friendship, Maine, young boys Nicky and Andreas enter Whipstaff Manor on a dare, but are scared away by a ghost named Casper. Meanwhile, following the death of her father, neurotic and spoiled heiress Carrigan Crittenden discovers she has only been left Whipstaff Manor in his will. Carrigan and her assistant, Dibs, find a map within the will's papers that tell of an alleged treasure hidden inside the manor, but find the property haunted by Casper and his poltergeist uncles, the Ghostly Trio, and unsuccessfully attempt to force the ghosts out by way of paranormal experts and a demolitions team. A lonely Casper watches a news report about paranormal therapist James Harvey and is instantly smitten with his teenage daughter, Kat, prompting Casper to inspire Carrigan in summoning Dr. Harvey to Whipstaff. Harvey and Kat are estranged due to his reputation and obsession with contacting the ghost of his late wife, Amelia. The Harveys move into Whipstaff, but Casper's attempt to befriend them fails when his uncles try to torment, and scare them away. Casper gains the Harveys' trust when he serves them breakfast, and follows Kat to school, where she becomes popular when her class learns she is living in Whipstaff, and agrees to host their Halloween party. Her envious classmate Amber plots with her boyfriend, Vic, to humiliate Kat during the party. Harvey attempts therapy sessions with the Ghostly Trio, who reveal they know Amelia; in exchange for convincing Carrigan to leave them alone, they promise to go through the "red tape" involved to get Harvey a meeting with his wife. Kat learns Casper has no memory of his life, and restores his old playroom to remind him. Casper recognizes an old wooden sled his father bought him, and remembers playing outside until he caught a severe cold and died of pneumonia, becoming a ghost to keep his father company. A newspaper article reveals that Casper's father was declared legally insane after he built a machine, the Lazarus, which he claimed could bring the dead back to life. Casper and Kat venture to the basement and find the Lazarus. Carrigan and Dibs sneak inside, steal the formula that powers the Lazarus, and plot to use the machine, believing it could grant them immortality. However, they attempt to kill each other to test the theory and retrieve the treasure they think is in the basement's locked vault; Carrigan falls off a cliff to her death, and rises as a ghost. Dr. Harvey becomes despondent after the trio prank him, prompting them to take him out on the town. They plan on killing him to make themselves a quartet, but have a change of heart after a drunken Harvey declares he will tell Carrigan off so they can stay in their home. However, Harvey accidentally falls to his death down a manhole. In the laboratory, Carrigan confronts Casper and Kat, stealing what she believes to be the treasure from the vault and launching Dibs out a window when he tries to double-cross her. Casper and Kat trick Carrigan into stating that she has no unfinished business on Earth, inadvertently causing her to eject herself into the afterlife. The treasure is revealed to be Casper's prized baseball, signed by Duke Snider; the so-called map was part of a game Casper played with his father. Dr. Harvey, now a ghost, returns with Casper's uncles, and Kat’s despair over this prompts Casper to sacrifice his one chance to return to life, restoring her father instead. The Halloween party kicks off upstairs, and Amber and Vic’s prank is thwarted by the Ghostly Trio, and they flee in terror. A dejected Casper is visited by the angel of Amelia, who rewards him for his selflessness by temporarily transforming him into a human boy. Casper dances with Kat, while Amelia meets with Harvey and tells him that she was so content with her family while alive that she has no unfinished business, and encourages him to move on, explaining that the Ghostly Trio kept their promise in the end to find her for Harvey. Amelia departs as the clock chimes ten and, after kissing Kat, Casper transforms back into a ghost, scaring off the guests. Kat is impressed with the party, which Harvey says is not over, cuing the Ghostly Trio to play their nephew's theme for them to dance to. Cast Malachi Pearson as the voice of Casper McFadden, a lonely ghost who was originally a 12-year-old boy who died of pneumonia. He spends most of his afterlife in Whipstaff dealing with his ghostly ghoulish uncles' antics while hoping to find a friend. He finds one in Kat Harvey, while also developing a crush on her. Devon Sawa as Casper McFadden (human form) Christina Ricci as Kathleen "Kat" Harvey, Dr. James Harvey's 13-year-old daughter and Casper's love interest, who has lost her mother and wants to make a friend. Bill Pullman as Dr. James Harvey, Kat Harvey's father who is a ghost therapist interacting with the 'living impaired,' helping them to cross into the next dimension while hoping to find his deceased wife. Joe Nipote as the voice of Stretch, the leading member of the Ghostly Trio and one of Casper's uncles who bonds with Dr. Harvey. Joe Alaskey as the voice of Stinkie, the second member of the Ghostly Trio and one of Casper's uncles who bonds with Dr. Harvey. Brad Garrett as the voice of Fatso, the third member of the Ghostly Trio and one of Casper's uncles who bonds with Dr. Harvey. Cathy Moriarty as Catherine "Carrigan" Crittenden, a glamorous, treacherous, and greedy woman who was upset about her late father's only leaving Whipstaff to her in his will, until she discovers that the house contains treasure, and hires Dr. Harvey to get the ghosts out of the house in order to get it. Eric Idle as Paul "Dibs" Plutzker, Carrigan's assistant. Garette Ratliff Henson as Vic DePhillippi, Kat's crush and Amber's boyfriend. Jessica Wesson as Amber Whitmire, Kat's rival and Vic's girlfriend. Amy Brenneman as Amelia Harvey, James' deceased wife and Kat's deceased mother. Ben Stein as Rugg, Carrigan's lawyer. Cameos Don Novello as Father Guido Sarducci Dan Aykroyd as Ray Stantz Clint Eastwood Rodney Dangerfield Mel Gibson John Kassir as the Crypt Keeper Brock Winkless performed the puppetry for the Crypt Keeper in the film[2] Steven Spielberg (cameo cut) Production Producer Steven Spielberg was planning a film adaptation of Casper the Friendly Ghost. He saw an episode of the television series Brooklyn Bridge directed by Brad Silberling and saw potential in this work, recruiting Silberling for directing Casper.[3] J. J. Abrams did an uncredited rewrite of the script.[4] The screenplay gave a backstory of Casper being the ghost of Casper McFadden, a boy who died of pneumonia at 12, though some of the comics, particularly in the 1960s, portrayed him as born a ghost to ghost parents.[5] Extensive use of computer-generated imagery is used to create the ghosts, and it is the first feature film to have a fully CGI character in a leading role.[6] In the mirror scene, Dr. Harvey was also supposed to transform into Spielberg. According to director Silberling, the cameo was filmed, but was cut for pacing reasons. Spielberg was relieved, feeling that he is not much of an actor himself and was quite nervous in front of the camera.[7] Principal photography began on January 27, 1994, and ended on June 8, 1994. Soundtrack The soundtrack was composed by award-winning composer James Horner, who had worked on a number of previous movies for Amblin Entertainment, including An American Tail and The Land Before Time. Casper Soundtrack album by James Horner Released April 29, 1995 Recorded 1994–1995 Genre Soundtrack Label MCA Professional ratings Review scores Source Rating AllMusic 1.5/5 stars "No Sign of Ghosts" "Carrigan and Dibbs" "Strangers in the House" "First Haunting/The Swordfight" "March of the Exorcists" "Lighthouse—Casper & Kat" "Casper Makes Breakfast" "Fond Memories" "'Dying' to Be a Ghost" "Casper's Lullaby" "Descent to Lazarus" "One Last Wish" "Same Song (Digital Underground song)" – Digital Underground "Remember Me This Way" – Jordan Hill (singer) "Casper the Friendly Ghost" – Little Richard "The Uncles Swing/End Credits" Reception Box office Casper opened at #1 over the Memorial Day weekend, grossing $16.8 million over its first three days from 2,714 theaters, averaging $6,205 per theater. Over four days it grossed $22.1 million, averaging $8,140 per theater. It stayed at #1 in its second weekend, grossing another $13.4 million, and boosting its 10-day cume to $38.9 million. It played solidly all through the summer, ending up with a final gross of $100.3 million in North America, and an additional $187.6 million internationally, for a total worldwide gross of $287.9 million, far exceeding its $55 million budget and becoming a commercial success.[1] Critical reception Brad Garrett was praised by critics for his performance. Casper received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 44%, based on 36 reviews, with the site's critical consensus reading, "A meandering, mindless family movie that frequently resorts to special effects and transparent sappiness."[8] Time Out London described it as "an intimate and likeable film".[9] Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars, calling it a "technical achievement, it's impressive, and entertaining. And there is even a little winsome philosophy."[10] Robert Firsching of allmovie gave the film his above average star rating while praising the film for its visual effects. The CGI effects, which were considered cutting edge at the time, and the performances of Pullman and Ricci were praised, especially considering that, in the scenes where the Harveys interact with the ghosts, Pullman and Ricci were actually acting either with nothing or with stand-in maquettes used as animators' references. Moriarty's performance was criticized, with Variety saying she does "a poor woman's Cruella de Vil".[11] In his 2015 Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin gave the film a "BOMB" rating, objecting to the portrayal of Casper as a deceased child rather than a ghost.[12] The film was nominated for Worst Picture at the 1995 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards but lost to Showgirls.[13] Legacy The success of Casper secured Silberling the position of director for the 1998 City of Angels, a remake of Wings of Desire starring Nicolas Cage and Meg Ryan.[3] TV series A cartoon series, The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper, was released in 1996 based on the film.[14] Fatso (Season 1-2), Stinkie,[14] Stretch and Casper were all voiced by the actors from the film, while Dr. Harvey was voiced by Dan Castellaneta, and Kat voiced by Kath Soucie. Cancelled Sequel/Prequel Harvey Entertainment retained prequel rights to Casper.[15] Two direct-to-video follow-ups to the film were released by 20th Century Fox. The prequel Casper: A Spirited Beginning was released in 1997,[16] and the sequel Casper Meets Wendy was released in 1998.[17] Following the release of Casper, Simon Wells co-wrote a screenplay for Casper 2, in which he was set to direct. However, in July 2000, it was reported that Universal Pictures had cancelled the sequel due to the disappointing sales from the direct-to-video Casper films and the hesitation of Christina Ricci.[18][19] Video games There were several video games based on or tied-in with the film released on the major consoles of the time, such as the 3DO, Super NES, Sega Saturn, PlayStation, Game Boy Color and original Game Boy. An LCD handheld game was released for Tiger Electronics in 1995. See also flag United States portal Film portal icon Comedy portal icon 1990s portal List of ghost films The Frighteners References "Casper (1995)". Box Office Mojo. 1995-09-24. Retrieved 2012-11-24. Cheng, Cheryl (2015-07-30). "N. Brock Winkless IV, the Puppeteer of Chucky in 'Child's Play,' Dies at 56". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2015-08-23. Ojumu, Akin (February 16, 2003). "The family that grieves together..." The Guardian. Retrieved July 16, 2017. Jensen, Jeff (9 June 2011). "Super 8: Steven Spielberg meets J.J. Abrams". ew.com. Retrieved 12 February 2017. "The physics of Casper the Friendly Ghost: why can't he open the door?". The Guardian. May 29, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017. "Visual and Special Effects Film Milestones". AMC Filmsite. Tim Dirks. Retrieved 2010-12-27. Cindy Pearlman (1995-06-21). "Ghost Busters". EW.com. Retrieved 2014-12-02. www.rottentomatoes.com/m/casper/ "Casper Review. Movie Reviews - Film - Time Out London". Timeout.com. Retrieved 2012-11-24. "Casper :: rogerebert.com :: Reviews". Rogerebert.suntimes.com. 1995-05-26. Retrieved 2012-11-24. Lowry, Brian (1995-05-21). "Variety Reviews - Casper - Film Reviews - - Review by Brian Lowry". Variety.com. Retrieved 2012-11-24. Maltin, Leonard (2014). Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide. Penguin. ISBN 0698183614. "The Stinkers 1995 Ballot". Stinkers Bad Movie Awards. Archived from the original on 18 August 2000. Cabrera, Maria (February 7, 2016). "Joe Alaskey Dies: Voice Of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck & Tweety Passes Away |
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Post by Freddie on Oct 18, 2019 23:49:27 GMT 1
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Post by Freddie on Mar 17, 2020 0:11:34 GMT 1
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Transaction and Payment Information. All payments are processed by third-party vendors, such as Stripe. If you make any payment to ProBoards, we may send to these third-party vendors information related to the financial transaction, such as your credit or debit card information and billing address. ProBoards does not store or otherwise retain any credit or debit card information. However, we may gather non-payment information from you when you make a purchase through the Website or contact customer service regarding a prior transaction. Such information may include information regarding the subscriptions or services you purchased.
Device/Internet Connection Information. When you use the Website, we automatically gather information made available by your web browser (such as Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome), internet service provider (such as Comcast or Cox), and device (such as your computer, phone, tablet, or fitness tracker), depending on your settings for each. For example, we may collect your IP address, information about the operating system or type of device you use, the device ID associated with your device, the date and time you access the Website, and your log in attempts.
Internet Activity Information. As explained below in Sections 3 and 4 regarding Personalized Ads, we may also collect information about your browsing history, search history, and information regarding your interaction the Website. We may collect information regarding the websites, application, or advertisement you visited immediately before and after your use of the Website.
Geolocation Information. We may collect information about where you are located, both generally and at the time you access the Website. For example, we may collect your billing address when you make a purchase, or ascertain your approximate location from your IP address.
Protected Class Information. Due to the specific nature of ProBoards' services, you may be asked for your age or be given the option to provide information about your gender.
Other Information. From time to time, we may collect other information from you, such as when you make a claim for a prize pursuant to a contest or other promotion run on the Website, when you request assistance through our customer service department, or when you voluntarily subscribe to promotions, reminders, or newsletters. You will always be asked for your consent in advance of providing such other information, and we will not collect it without your permission.
3. How and when do we collect information about you?
ProBoards gathers information about you through the following sources and means:
When you enter or upload information to the Website. ProBoards collects information you provide to us, content you make public, transaction and payment information, geolocation information, and protected class information when you enter such information on a form on the Website (including during registration), purchase services, sign up for newsletters or promotional material, enter contests, upload content, post in a forum, and otherwise interact with the Website.
When you communicate with us. ProBoards may also collect information you provide to us, content you make public, transaction and payment information, geolocation information, and protected class information, from you outside of the Website, such as when you contact our customer service department, email us (including any response to an email communication from ProBoards), or communicate with ProBoards via social media, such as by posting on a page hosted by ProBoards or tagging ProBoards in your own post. The information collected off the Website may be combined with that collected through the Website—for example, if you order a service from the Website and later call customer service about the order, the information collected in both interactions may be linked.
Through Cookies, tracking tools, and other automated technologies. When you use any website, certain information can be automatically collected through technological means. When you access the Website, your web browser automatically sends us device and internet connection information and certain internet activity information as described in Section 2.
ProBoards also uses Cookies and web beacon technology to gather device and internet connection information, internet activity information, geolocation information, and biometric information. "Cookies" are files that are placed on your computer or other device by websites you visit. The primary purpose of a Cookie is to identify you as a unique user of the Website. ProBoards uses the following types of Cookies, some of which are placed by Third Parties, to customize your Internet experience, keep you logged into websites, remember your search terms, and advertise products or services to you:
Type of Cookie Purpose of Cookie
Necessary Necessary Cookies are essential in order for the Website to display and perform properly. Necessary Cookies are used to identify you, prevent security risks, and to allow you to perform account-related functions.
Preferences Preferences Cookies are used to store preferences set by you and each user for their account, such as your language preferences. Preferences Cookies improve your experience using the Website.
Analytics and Performance Analytics and Performance Cookies collect information on how you and other users interact with the Website. Often, this information is aggregated, as discussed in Section 4, and is used to improve the Website.
Advertising We may also use Cookies and web beacons, including those placed by Third Parties such as Google, to deliver Personalized Ads that may be of interest to you. We may also use a web beacon in email messages sent to track your response. Cookies and web beacons also help us and our Third-Party advertising partners ensure you do not see the same advertisements over and over.
You can change your Cookie settings in your Internet browser (e.g., Chrome, Edge, Firefox). If you disable Cookies, some of the features of the Website may not function correctly. For more information, see allaboutcookies.org.
From Third Parties. ProBoards may also collect the following types of information from Third Parties: transaction and payment information (such as when you have your payment information saved in your web browser); device/internet connection information; internet activity information; geolocation information; analytics information; and biometric information.
Like many websites, ProBoards uses Google services and Cookies to improve the Website and advertise to users like you, as described more fully below. As such, when you use the Website, your personal information may be shared with Google, and shared by Google with ProBoards. You can learn more about how Google uses Cookies, and how to manage your Cookie preferences in your Internet browser and revoke your consent to Personalized Ads, by visiting the Google Cookie Policy.
Pixels, tags, and Cookies may also be set by our Third Party advertising partners, which may track your online behavior, track ads shown to you, and provide Personalized Ads to you. Because advertising revenue is the sole source of monetization for the free services provided by ProBoards to you and other users of the Website, ProBoards considers these to be essential services.
You can view the list of our Third Party Partners.
Remember, you can change your Cookie settings in your Internet browser (e.g., Chrome, Edge, Firefox). For more information, see allaboutcookies.org. You can better learn about such Third-Party data collection and advertising practices, including how to revoke your consent to Personalized Ads, at the following websites:
Your Online Choices
NAI Opt-Out
YourAdChoices
Rubicon Opt-Out
4. How do we use your information?
ProBoards may use the information we've gathered from you or your device, including through Cookies and Third Parties, for the following purposes:
Business Purposes. When ProBoards uses your information for a "Business Purpose," it means such use is reasonably necessary and proportionate to achieve an operational purpose of the ProBoards. The following are the Business Purposes for which we may use your information:
Business Purpose Types of Information
For Security. ProBoards uses the information we collect from you and other users to detect security incidents, protect against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent, or illegal activity, and to identify and prosecute those responsible for that activity. For example, we look at IP addresses to determine if they are on the "ban list" for a given forum, so that we can prevent access to the forum. Information you provide to us; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
To Fulfill Your Orders. We use the information we collect from you to process your payments (through our third-party vendors as described above) and fulfill your orders. Information you provide to us; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Geolocation Information;
To Improve the Website. ProBoards uses the information we collect from you and other users to provide and improve the Website. We use information to debug and identify and repair errors that impair existing intended functionality of the Website. As explained above, we use Cookies, including those placed by Third Parties, to gather statistical information that helps us understand how you and other users engage with the Website and improve its performance via technological development. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information;
To Personalize Your User Experience. We use information gathered from Cookies to authenticate your logins, determine whether you are logged in or not, to allow you to set personal preferences when using the Website, and to make it so you don't have to reenter the same information when you visit the Website several times within a short timeframe. Information you provide to us; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
To Communicate with You. We use your information to personalize communication with you, and to respond to your requests regarding your purchases and information on our products and services. We also use your information to notify you of updates to the Terms or this Privacy Policy. Information you provide to us
To Create Deidentified Aggregate Information. ProBoards may combine your information with that of other users to create "Aggregate Information"— namely, statistical information about all users or a subset thereof. Aggregate Information is pseudonymized and deidentified. In other words, Aggregate Information cannot be used to identify, relate to, describe, be capable of being associated with, or be linked, directly or indirectly, to a particular consumer, including you.
In turn, Aggregate Information may be used by ProBoards for the Business and Commercial Purposes listed herein.
Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Commercial Purposes. When ProBoards uses your information for a "Commercial Purpose," it means such use is intended to advance ProBoards' business interests, such as by inducing you to buy one of our services. The following are the Commercial Purposes for which we may use your information:
Commercial Purpose Types of Information
To Advertise to You. We may use information gathered through Cookies and web beacons, including those placed by Third Parties, to deliver ads to you via the Website, and after you've left the Website, including advertising specific to your personal interests. The purpose of this practice, which is sometimes called "Personalized Ads," "retargeting," or "remarketing" is to deliver content and advertising that is of interest to you, and to avoid displaying irrelevant advertising to you.
You can better learn about such ThirdParty data collection and advertising practices, including how to revoke your consent to Personalized Ads, at the following websites:
Your Online Choices
NAI Opt-Out
YourAdChoices
Rubicon Opt-Out
Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
To Advertise to Others. We may share your reviews, comments, and other content uploaded by you to advertise and market our Website and the Services, including by reposting your comments on the Website, in our advertising, or through our social media accounts. Content you make public
Scope and Legal Bases for Use
ProBoards only processes your information to the extent that is necessary to accomplish the above-stated Business and Commercial Purposes, which serves as our legitimate interest.
If you reside in a location governed by the GDPR, then the following are ProBoards' legal bases for the processing of your information: In so far as we have obtained consent for processing operations of information by the data subject, Art. 6(1) lit. a GDPR serves as the legal basis. For the processing of information necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is a party, Art. 6(1) lit. b GDPR serves as legal basis. The same applies to such processing operations which are necessary for carrying out pre-contractual measures. In so far as the processing of information is required to comply with a legal obligation to which our ProBoards is subject, Art. 6(1) lit. c GDPR serves as legal basis. In the event that processing of information may be necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person, Art. 6(1) lit. d GDPR serves as legal basis. If processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by our ProBoards or by a Third Party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject, processing operations are based on Art 6 (1) lit. f GDPR
5. How do we share your information?
ProBoards may share your information with Third Parties for the following purposes:
Business Purposes. When ProBoards shares your information for a Business Purpose, it means such use is reasonably necessary and proportionate to achieve an operational purpose of the ProBoards. The following are the Business Purposes for which we may share your information:
Third Parties Business Purpose Types of Information
Other Users. The Website contains features that allow you to upload, post, transmit, display, perform or distribute content, including personal information about yourself. Once you have chosen to divulge information about yourself to another user, multiple users, or the public at large through the Website— including in a "members-only" forum, direct message or otherwise—such information can be copied, transmitted or displayed by the recipient(s) and is no longer within ProBoards' ability to control. To provide the Website and allow you and other users the opportunity to communicate via a forum. Content you make public
Forum Administrators and Moderators. When you join, access, or post on a forum, information may be shared with other members that assist in running the forum, such as administrators or moderators. To provide the Website and allow you and other users the opportunity to communicate via a forum. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Geolocation Information;
Service Providers. These Third Parties provide services to ProBoards that allow ProBoards to operate the Website, provide services to customers, communicate with customers, and so forth. Examples include payment processors, email fulfillment providers, customer management services, and so forth. For Security; To Fulfill Your Orders; to Improve the Website, to Personalize Your User Experience; and to Create Aggregate Information. See Section 4 for more information on these Business Purposes. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Our Affiliated Entities. Affiliated entities are different than Third Parties in that they are businesses that are directly related to us and have common ownership with us. We may disclose, transfer, and sell your information to our affiliated entities, in which event, your information shall be treated by the affiliated companies in accordance with this Privacy Policy. Should Company be subject to an acquisition, merger, sale or other change of control or business entity status, we reserve the right to transfer or assign your information as part of that acquisition, merger or sale. For Security; To Fulfill Your Orders; to Improve the Website, to Personalize Your User Experience; and to Create Aggregate Information. See Section 4 for more information on these Business Purposes. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Government Officials and Private Parties Pursuant to Valid Legal Process. We may disclose your information in response to subpoenas, court orders, and other legal processes. In very rare circumstances, we may disclose personal information when we believe it is necessary in order to prevent illegal, fraudulent, or injurious actions that may cause harm to individuals. To comply with ProBoards' legal obligations and to prevent illegal, fraudulent, or injurious actions that may cause harm to individuals. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Commercial Purposes. When ProBoards shares your information for a "Commercial Purpose," it means such disclosure is intended to advance ProBoards' business interests, such as by advertising our products or services. The following are the Commercial Purposes for which we may share your information with Third Parties:
Commercial Purpose Types of Information
Advertising Partners. We may disclose your personal information as needed to our Third-Party advertising partners. To Advertise to You, including through Personalized Ads; to Advertise to Others. See Section 4 for more information on these Commercial Purposes. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
Forum Indexers. As explained more fully in Section 6, ProBoards allows third-party Effyis, Inc. dba: BoardReader.com to index the public forums on the Website in exchange for a fee. To promote the Website and create ease of access of Website content; to earn revenue. Content you make public
Other Consumers. We may share your reviews, comments, and other content uploaded by you to advertise and market our Website and the Services, including by reposting your reviews on the Website, in our advertising, or through our social media accounts. To Advertise to Others. See Section 4 for more information on this Commercial Purpose. Content you make public
6. Do we sell your information to others?
Yes. Please take notice that your information may be sold to a Third Party. ProBoards has partnered with third-party Effyis, Inc. dba: BoardReader.com, a search engine that specializes in the indexing of public forum content. ProBoards allows BoardReader.com to index the public forums on the Website in exchange for a fee. The categories of information that may be indexed by BoardReader.com are:
Content you make public
RIGHT TO OPT-OUT OF SALE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
You have the right, at any time, to direct ProBoards not to sell your information. You may do so by filling out the Do Not Sell My Personal Information form on the Website or emailing us at privacy@proboards.com.
7. How do we protect your information?
ProBoards has implemented and maintains reasonable security procedures and practices to protect against the unauthorized access, use or disclosure of your information. Among other things, we:
Host our servers with in secure data center facilities;
Use the services of Cloudflare to block DDoS attacks, bots, malicious traffic, and secure our login systems with HTTPS/SSL;
Store passwords in a secure format, not plain text;
Use firewalls and a secure VPN to provide further security to our systems; and
Maintain a thorough Cyber Security Response Plan.
However, no system can be completely secure. Therefore, although we take steps to secure your information, we cannot promise, and you should not expect, that your personal and commercial information, or other communications, will always remain secure.
The safety and security of your information also depends on you. Never share your password with anyone else and notify us as soon as possible if you believe your account security has been breached.
8. How long do we keep your information?
ProBoards will retain your information for the length of time necessary to fulfill the Business Purposes and Commercial Purposes outlined in this Privacy Policy, unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law or valid court order. If you request deletion of your information pursuant to Section 10, your request will be processed according to the timeframes indicated therein and/or pursuant to any applicable legislation.
9. Do we transfer your information to a different country?
If you are visiting the Website from a location outside of the United States, your connection will be through and to servers located in the United States, and all information you provide will be processed and securely maintained in our web servers and internal systems located within the United States. By using the Website, you authorize and specifically consent to the transfer of personal data to the United States and its storage and use as specified above when you provide such information to us.
10. What are your rights when it comes to accessing, correcting, or deleting your information, and how can you exercise them?
You may access all information we've collected and retained about you for purposes of correcting, amending, downloading, or deleting such information. Access can be obtained by logging into your account, making a Privacy Request, or contacting us at privacy@proboards.com.
To protect your privacy and security, we may take reasonable steps to help verify your identity before granting access, making corrections, providing you with information, or deleting information. Such verification will include requiring you to login to your account or, in the event you have forgotten your login credentials, completing the password reset process so that you may log into your account.
Access and Correction
The easiest way to manage the content and information you share by logging into your account. You can also download information associated with your ProBoards account by visiting your Account Settings page. In the alternative, you may make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Right to Request Disclosure
You have the right to request that ProBoards disclose the following to you:
The categories of personal information we have collected about you;
The categories of sources from which the personal information is collected;
The business or commercial purpose for collecting or selling personal information;
The categories of third parties with whom we share personal information; and
The specific pieces of personal information we have collected about you.
To request such a disclosure, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Right to Request Deletion
You can delete your ProBoards account by visiting your Account Settings page. You also have the right to request that ProBoards delete any personal information about you which we have collected from you. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Please note that, when you share information in a forum, whether private or public, you are contributing to an online conversation or thread. In ProBoards' experience, threads are deprived of necessary context, and are sometimes rendered false or misleading, when select posts are altered or deleted after the fact. For this reason, except as required under California Business and Professions Code Section 22581 or similar law, ProBoards does not allow you to bulk delete your content from published posts. In addition, your ability to edit or delete your content may depend on forum-specific rules and settings designated by moderators or administrators, so you should think carefully about what you post before you do so.
California Shine the Light Disclosure
Under California's "Shine the Light" law, California residents who provide personal information to the Website may request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22581 Disclosure
If you are a California resident under the age of 18, and a registered user of any Website where this Privacy Policy is posted, California Business and Professions Code Section 22581 permits you to request and obtain removal of content or information you have publicly posted. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com with a detailed description of the specific content or information. Please be aware that such a request does not ensure complete or comprehensive removal of the content or information you have posted and that there may be circumstances in which the law does not require or allow removal even if requested.
RIGHT TO OPT-OUT OF SALE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
You have the right, at any time, to direct ProBoards not to sell your information as described in Section 6. You may do so by filling out the Do Not Sell My Personal Information form on the Website or emailing us at privacy@proboards.com.
11. How do we protect the privacy of children?
No Users Under 13
ProBoards will never knowingly collect any personal information about children under the age of 13. If we obtain actual knowledge that we have collected personal information about a child under the age of 13, that information will be immediately deleted from our database. Because we do not collect such information, we have no such information to use or to disclose to Third Parties. We have designed this policy in order to comply with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
Right to Opt In For Users 13 to 16
ProBoards will never sell the personal information of users if we have actual knowledge that the user is less than 16 years of age, unless (in the case of consumers between 13 and 16 years of age) the user has affirmatively authorized the sale of their personal information.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22581 Disclosure
If you are a California resident under the age of 18, and a registered user of any Website where this Privacy Policy is posted, California Business and Professions Code Section 22581 permits you to request and obtain removal of content or information you have publicly posted. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com with a detailed description of the specific content or information. Please be aware that such a request does not ensure complete or comprehensive removal of the content or information you have posted and that there may be circumstances in which the law does not require or allow removal even if requested.
12. How can you receive and opt-out from marketing communications?
By providing your email address to ProBoards through the Website or an email initiated by you, you consent to receive emails from us, including information concerning your account and advertising messages. Depending upon your location, we may obtain additional consent from you via a checkbox disclosure or an email requesting confirmation before you can receive such information.
Providing consent to promotional emails is NOT a condition of purchasing any goods or services from ProBoards. You can unsubscribe to advertising emails at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link within the email. Please note that, even if you unsubscribe from advertising emails, we will still send you any necessary, non-promotional emails about your purchase, account, or updates to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.
13. Do we respond to Do Not Track (DNT) Signals?
DNT is a feature offered by some browsers which, when enabled, sends a signal to websites to request that your browsing is not tracked. ProBoards does not currently respond to DNT requests.
14. How will you know when we change the Privacy Policy?
Each time you use the Website, the then-current version of this Privacy Policy will apply. Although most changes are likely to be minor, we reserve the right to modify this Privacy Policy by posting such modification on this page; however, if changes are significant, we may provide a more prominent notice or email you. Depending upon your location, we may obtain additional consent from you via a checkbox disclosure, email, or personal message.
Unless we receive your express consent, any revised Privacy Policy will apply only to information collected after the effective date of such revised Privacy Policy, and not to information collected under any earlier version.
15. How can you contact us regarding this Privacy Policy?
The Website contains a Support Forum, which can be used for electronic contact. If you use this option, the data entered by you in the forum will be transmitted to us and stored as part of your information.
Alternatively, you can contact us via email at privacy@proboards.com. In this case, your information transmitted by email will be stored. If needed, your information will be relayed to our Third-Party partners to for the sole purpose of processing any request by you in the communication.
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Post by Freddie on Mar 19, 2020 23:09:42 GMT 1
The Global Network
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PROBOARDS
Privacy Policy
Last Updated: December 23, 2019
This privacy policy (the "Privacy Policy") explains how ProBoards, Inc. ("ProBoards," "we," or "us") collects, uses, shares, and protects information of the users of the ProBoards.com website (the "Website"). This Privacy Policy is designed to fulfill our legal obligations in the places where we operate—including, without limitation and where applicable, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and Canada's Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA).
Please note that this Privacy Policy only applies to the Website, and not to websites, applications, operating systems, or other platforms of third parties (collectively, "Third-Party Platforms"), even if such Third-Party Platforms are linked to or accessible from the Website. Each Third-Party Platform will have its own data collection and usage practices, and may use their own cookies, web beacons, and other technology to collect information from you. ProBoards is not responsible for the content or practices of any Third-Party Platforms and, if you choose to visit or use them, you do so at your own risk.
Who controls your information?
What types of information do we collect?
How and when do we collect information about you?
How do we use your information?
How do we share your information?
Do we sell your information to others?
How do we protect your information?
How long do we keep your information?
Do we transfer your information to a different country?
What are your rights when it comes to accessing, correcting, or deleting your information, and how can you exercise them?
How do we protect the privacy of children?
How can you receive and opt-out from marketing communications?
Do we respond to Do Not Track (DNT) Signals?
How will you know when we change the Privacy Policy?
How can you contact us regarding this Privacy Policy?
1. Who controls your information?
Any information or other data provided to or gathered by ProBoards is controlled by ProBoards, Inc., 26060 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, United States.
2. What types of information do we collect?
"Information," as used in this Privacy Policy, means personal information that identifies, relates to, describes, is reasonably capable of being associated with, or could reasonably be linked, directly or indirectly, with a particular user or household. Examples include a user's name, mailing address, email address, or IP address.
ProBoards collects and/or has collected over the past twelve (12) months the following categories of information about you and other users of the Website:
Information You Provide to Us. We collect information from you when you voluntarily provide it to us over the Website, including as part of registering a user account or ordering goods or services from ProBoards. Such information may include, but is not limited to, your name, email address, telephone number(s), website ULRs, your instant messaging screen names, your date of birth, street address, city, and/or state.
Content You Make Public. The Website contains features that allow you to upload, post, transmit, display, perform or distribute content, including personal information about yourself. For example, you may choose to include personal information within your ProBoards profile, which is available and accessible to all visitors of the Website. Any information that you choose to disclose by means of such features becomes public information over which ProBoards is unable to exercise control. You should exercise caution when deciding to disclose personal information by means of such features.
Transaction and Payment Information. All payments are processed by third-party vendors, such as Stripe. If you make any payment to ProBoards, we may send to these third-party vendors information related to the financial transaction, such as your credit or debit card information and billing address. ProBoards does not store or otherwise retain any credit or debit card information. However, we may gather non-payment information from you when you make a purchase through the Website or contact customer service regarding a prior transaction. Such information may include information regarding the subscriptions or services you purchased.
Device/Internet Connection Information. When you use the Website, we automatically gather information made available by your web browser (such as Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome), internet service provider (such as Comcast or Cox), and device (such as your computer, phone, tablet, or fitness tracker), depending on your settings for each. For example, we may collect your IP address, information about the operating system or type of device you use, the device ID associated with your device, the date and time you access the Website, and your log in attempts.
Internet Activity Information. As explained below in Sections 3 and 4 regarding Personalized Ads, we may also collect information about your browsing history, search history, and information regarding your interaction the Website. We may collect information regarding the websites, application, or advertisement you visited immediately before and after your use of the Website.
Geolocation Information. We may collect information about where you are located, both generally and at the time you access the Website. For example, we may collect your billing address when you make a purchase, or ascertain your approximate location from your IP address.
Protected Class Information. Due to the specific nature of ProBoards' services, you may be asked for your age or be given the option to provide information about your gender.
Other Information. From time to time, we may collect other information from you, such as when you make a claim for a prize pursuant to a contest or other promotion run on the Website, when you request assistance through our customer service department, or when you voluntarily subscribe to promotions, reminders, or newsletters. You will always be asked for your consent in advance of providing such other information, and we will not collect it without your permission.
3. How and when do we collect information about you?
ProBoards gathers information about you through the following sources and means:
When you enter or upload information to the Website. ProBoards collects information you provide to us, content you make public, transaction and payment information, geolocation information, and protected class information when you enter such information on a form on the Website (including during registration), purchase services, sign up for newsletters or promotional material, enter contests, upload content, post in a forum, and otherwise interact with the Website.
When you communicate with us. ProBoards may also collect information you provide to us, content you make public, transaction and payment information, geolocation information, and protected class information, from you outside of the Website, such as when you contact our customer service department, email us (including any response to an email communication from ProBoards), or communicate with ProBoards via social media, such as by posting on a page hosted by ProBoards or tagging ProBoards in your own post. The information collected off the Website may be combined with that collected through the Website—for example, if you order a service from the Website and later call customer service about the order, the information collected in both interactions may be linked.
Through Cookies, tracking tools, and other automated technologies. When you use any website, certain information can be automatically collected through technological means. When you access the Website, your web browser automatically sends us device and internet connection information and certain internet activity information as described in Section 2.
ProBoards also uses Cookies and web beacon technology to gather device and internet connection information, internet activity information, geolocation information, and biometric information. "Cookies" are files that are placed on your computer or other device by websites you visit. The primary purpose of a Cookie is to identify you as a unique user of the Website. ProBoards uses the following types of Cookies, some of which are placed by Third Parties, to customize your Internet experience, keep you logged into websites, remember your search terms, and advertise products or services to you:
Type of Cookie Purpose of Cookie
Necessary Necessary Cookies are essential in order for the Website to display and perform properly. Necessary Cookies are used to identify you, prevent security risks, and to allow you to perform account-related functions.
Preferences Preferences Cookies are used to store preferences set by you and each user for their account, such as your language preferences. Preferences Cookies improve your experience using the Website.
Analytics and Performance Analytics and Performance Cookies collect information on how you and other users interact with the Website. Often, this information is aggregated, as discussed in Section 4, and is used to improve the Website.
Advertising We may also use Cookies and web beacons, including those placed by Third Parties such as Google, to deliver Personalized Ads that may be of interest to you. We may also use a web beacon in email messages sent to track your response. Cookies and web beacons also help us and our Third-Party advertising partners ensure you do not see the same advertisements over and over.
You can change your Cookie settings in your Internet browser (e.g., Chrome, Edge, Firefox). If you disable Cookies, some of the features of the Website may not function correctly. For more information, see allaboutcookies.org.
From Third Parties. ProBoards may also collect the following types of information from Third Parties: transaction and payment information (such as when you have your payment information saved in your web browser); device/internet connection information; internet activity information; geolocation information; analytics information; and biometric information.
Like many websites, ProBoards uses Google services and Cookies to improve the Website and advertise to users like you, as described more fully below. As such, when you use the Website, your personal information may be shared with Google, and shared by Google with ProBoards. You can learn more about how Google uses Cookies, and how to manage your Cookie preferences in your Internet browser and revoke your consent to Personalized Ads, by visiting the Google Cookie Policy.
Pixels, tags, and Cookies may also be set by our Third Party advertising partners, which may track your online behavior, track ads shown to you, and provide Personalized Ads to you. Because advertising revenue is the sole source of monetization for the free services provided by ProBoards to you and other users of the Website, ProBoards considers these to be essential services.
You can view the list of our Third Party Partners.
Remember, you can change your Cookie settings in your Internet browser (e.g., Chrome, Edge, Firefox). For more information, see allaboutcookies.org. You can better learn about such Third-Party data collection and advertising practices, including how to revoke your consent to Personalized Ads, at the following websites:
Your Online Choices
NAI Opt-Out
YourAdChoices
Rubicon Opt-Out
4. How do we use your information?
ProBoards may use the information we've gathered from you or your device, including through Cookies and Third Parties, for the following purposes:
Business Purposes. When ProBoards uses your information for a "Business Purpose," it means such use is reasonably necessary and proportionate to achieve an operational purpose of the ProBoards. The following are the Business Purposes for which we may use your information:
Business Purpose Types of Information
For Security. ProBoards uses the information we collect from you and other users to detect security incidents, protect against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent, or illegal activity, and to identify and prosecute those responsible for that activity. For example, we look at IP addresses to determine if they are on the "ban list" for a given forum, so that we can prevent access to the forum. Information you provide to us; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
To Fulfill Your Orders. We use the information we collect from you to process your payments (through our third-party vendors as described above) and fulfill your orders. Information you provide to us; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Geolocation Information;
To Improve the Website. ProBoards uses the information we collect from you and other users to provide and improve the Website. We use information to debug and identify and repair errors that impair existing intended functionality of the Website. As explained above, we use Cookies, including those placed by Third Parties, to gather statistical information that helps us understand how you and other users engage with the Website and improve its performance via technological development. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information;
To Personalize Your User Experience. We use information gathered from Cookies to authenticate your logins, determine whether you are logged in or not, to allow you to set personal preferences when using the Website, and to make it so you don't have to reenter the same information when you visit the Website several times within a short timeframe. Information you provide to us; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
To Communicate with You. We use your information to personalize communication with you, and to respond to your requests regarding your purchases and information on our products and services. We also use your information to notify you of updates to the Terms or this Privacy Policy. Information you provide to us
To Create Deidentified Aggregate Information. ProBoards may combine your information with that of other users to create "Aggregate Information"— namely, statistical information about all users or a subset thereof. Aggregate Information is pseudonymized and deidentified. In other words, Aggregate Information cannot be used to identify, relate to, describe, be capable of being associated with, or be linked, directly or indirectly, to a particular consumer, including you.
In turn, Aggregate Information may be used by ProBoards for the Business and Commercial Purposes listed herein.
Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Commercial Purposes. When ProBoards uses your information for a "Commercial Purpose," it means such use is intended to advance ProBoards' business interests, such as by inducing you to buy one of our services. The following are the Commercial Purposes for which we may use your information:
Commercial Purpose Types of Information
To Advertise to You. We may use information gathered through Cookies and web beacons, including those placed by Third Parties, to deliver ads to you via the Website, and after you've left the Website, including advertising specific to your personal interests. The purpose of this practice, which is sometimes called "Personalized Ads," "retargeting," or "remarketing" is to deliver content and advertising that is of interest to you, and to avoid displaying irrelevant advertising to you.
You can better learn about such ThirdParty data collection and advertising practices, including how to revoke your consent to Personalized Ads, at the following websites:
Your Online Choices
NAI Opt-Out
YourAdChoices
Rubicon Opt-Out
Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
To Advertise to Others. We may share your reviews, comments, and other content uploaded by you to advertise and market our Website and the Services, including by reposting your comments on the Website, in our advertising, or through our social media accounts. Content you make public
Scope and Legal Bases for Use
ProBoards only processes your information to the extent that is necessary to accomplish the above-stated Business and Commercial Purposes, which serves as our legitimate interest.
If you reside in a location governed by the GDPR, then the following are ProBoards' legal bases for the processing of your information: In so far as we have obtained consent for processing operations of information by the data subject, Art. 6(1) lit. a GDPR serves as the legal basis. For the processing of information necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is a party, Art. 6(1) lit. b GDPR serves as legal basis. The same applies to such processing operations which are necessary for carrying out pre-contractual measures. In so far as the processing of information is required to comply with a legal obligation to which our ProBoards is subject, Art. 6(1) lit. c GDPR serves as legal basis. In the event that processing of information may be necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person, Art. 6(1) lit. d GDPR serves as legal basis. If processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by our ProBoards or by a Third Party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject, processing operations are based on Art 6 (1) lit. f GDPR
5. How do we share your information?
ProBoards may share your information with Third Parties for the following purposes:
Business Purposes. When ProBoards shares your information for a Business Purpose, it means such use is reasonably necessary and proportionate to achieve an operational purpose of the ProBoards. The following are the Business Purposes for which we may share your information:
Third Parties Business Purpose Types of Information
Other Users. The Website contains features that allow you to upload, post, transmit, display, perform or distribute content, including personal information about yourself. Once you have chosen to divulge information about yourself to another user, multiple users, or the public at large through the Website— including in a "members-only" forum, direct message or otherwise—such information can be copied, transmitted or displayed by the recipient(s) and is no longer within ProBoards' ability to control. To provide the Website and allow you and other users the opportunity to communicate via a forum. Content you make public
Forum Administrators and Moderators. When you join, access, or post on a forum, information may be shared with other members that assist in running the forum, such as administrators or moderators. To provide the Website and allow you and other users the opportunity to communicate via a forum. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Geolocation Information;
Service Providers. These Third Parties provide services to ProBoards that allow ProBoards to operate the Website, provide services to customers, communicate with customers, and so forth. Examples include payment processors, email fulfillment providers, customer management services, and so forth. For Security; To Fulfill Your Orders; to Improve the Website, to Personalize Your User Experience; and to Create Aggregate Information. See Section 4 for more information on these Business Purposes. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Our Affiliated Entities. Affiliated entities are different than Third Parties in that they are businesses that are directly related to us and have common ownership with us. We may disclose, transfer, and sell your information to our affiliated entities, in which event, your information shall be treated by the affiliated companies in accordance with this Privacy Policy. Should Company be subject to an acquisition, merger, sale or other change of control or business entity status, we reserve the right to transfer or assign your information as part of that acquisition, merger or sale. For Security; To Fulfill Your Orders; to Improve the Website, to Personalize Your User Experience; and to Create Aggregate Information. See Section 4 for more information on these Business Purposes. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Government Officials and Private Parties Pursuant to Valid Legal Process. We may disclose your information in response to subpoenas, court orders, and other legal processes. In very rare circumstances, we may disclose personal information when we believe it is necessary in order to prevent illegal, fraudulent, or injurious actions that may cause harm to individuals. To comply with ProBoards' legal obligations and to prevent illegal, fraudulent, or injurious actions that may cause harm to individuals. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Transaction and Payment Information; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information; Protected Class Information
Commercial Purposes. When ProBoards shares your information for a "Commercial Purpose," it means such disclosure is intended to advance ProBoards' business interests, such as by advertising our products or services. The following are the Commercial Purposes for which we may share your information with Third Parties:
Commercial Purpose Types of Information
Advertising Partners. We may disclose your personal information as needed to our Third-Party advertising partners. To Advertise to You, including through Personalized Ads; to Advertise to Others. See Section 4 for more information on these Commercial Purposes. Information you provide to us; Content you make public; Device/Internet Connection Information; Internet Activity Information; Geolocation Information
Forum Indexers. As explained more fully in Section 6, ProBoards allows third-party Effyis, Inc. dba: BoardReader.com to index the public forums on the Website in exchange for a fee. To promote the Website and create ease of access of Website content; to earn revenue. Content you make public
Other Consumers. We may share your reviews, comments, and other content uploaded by you to advertise and market our Website and the Services, including by reposting your reviews on the Website, in our advertising, or through our social media accounts. To Advertise to Others. See Section 4 for more information on this Commercial Purpose. Content you make public
6. Do we sell your information to others?
Yes. Please take notice that your information may be sold to a Third Party. ProBoards has partnered with third-party Effyis, Inc. dba: BoardReader.com, a search engine that specializes in the indexing of public forum content. ProBoards allows BoardReader.com to index the public forums on the Website in exchange for a fee. The categories of information that may be indexed by BoardReader.com are:
Content you make public
RIGHT TO OPT-OUT OF SALE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
You have the right, at any time, to direct ProBoards not to sell your information. You may do so by filling out the Do Not Sell My Personal Information form on the Website or emailing us at privacy@proboards.com.
7. How do we protect your information?
ProBoards has implemented and maintains reasonable security procedures and practices to protect against the unauthorized access, use or disclosure of your information. Among other things, we:
Host our servers with in secure data center facilities;
Use the services of Cloudflare to block DDoS attacks, bots, malicious traffic, and secure our login systems with HTTPS/SSL;
Store passwords in a secure format, not plain text;
Use firewalls and a secure VPN to provide further security to our systems; and
Maintain a thorough Cyber Security Response Plan.
However, no system can be completely secure. Therefore, although we take steps to secure your information, we cannot promise, and you should not expect, that your personal and commercial information, or other communications, will always remain secure.
The safety and security of your information also depends on you. Never share your password with anyone else and notify us as soon as possible if you believe your account security has been breached.
8. How long do we keep your information?
ProBoards will retain your information for the length of time necessary to fulfill the Business Purposes and Commercial Purposes outlined in this Privacy Policy, unless a longer retention period is required or permitted by law or valid court order. If you request deletion of your information pursuant to Section 10, your request will be processed according to the timeframes indicated therein and/or pursuant to any applicable legislation.
9. Do we transfer your information to a different country?
If you are visiting the Website from a location outside of the United States, your connection will be through and to servers located in the United States, and all information you provide will be processed and securely maintained in our web servers and internal systems located within the United States. By using the Website, you authorize and specifically consent to the transfer of personal data to the United States and its storage and use as specified above when you provide such information to us.
10. What are your rights when it comes to accessing, correcting, or deleting your information, and how can you exercise them?
You may access all information we've collected and retained about you for purposes of correcting, amending, downloading, or deleting such information. Access can be obtained by logging into your account, making a Privacy Request, or contacting us at privacy@proboards.com.
To protect your privacy and security, we may take reasonable steps to help verify your identity before granting access, making corrections, providing you with information, or deleting information. Such verification will include requiring you to login to your account or, in the event you have forgotten your login credentials, completing the password reset process so that you may log into your account.
Access and Correction
The easiest way to manage the content and information you share by logging into your account. You can also download information associated with your ProBoards account by visiting your Account Settings page. In the alternative, you may make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Right to Request Disclosure
You have the right to request that ProBoards disclose the following to you:
The categories of personal information we have collected about you;
The categories of sources from which the personal information is collected;
The business or commercial purpose for collecting or selling personal information;
The categories of third parties with whom we share personal information; and
The specific pieces of personal information we have collected about you.
To request such a disclosure, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Right to Request Deletion
You can delete your ProBoards account by visiting your Account Settings page. You also have the right to request that ProBoards delete any personal information about you which we have collected from you. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Please note that, when you share information in a forum, whether private or public, you are contributing to an online conversation or thread. In ProBoards' experience, threads are deprived of necessary context, and are sometimes rendered false or misleading, when select posts are altered or deleted after the fact. For this reason, except as required under California Business and Professions Code Section 22581 or similar law, ProBoards does not allow you to bulk delete your content from published posts. In addition, your ability to edit or delete your content may depend on forum-specific rules and settings designated by moderators or administrators, so you should think carefully about what you post before you do so.
California Shine the Light Disclosure
Under California's "Shine the Light" law, California residents who provide personal information to the Website may request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22581 Disclosure
If you are a California resident under the age of 18, and a registered user of any Website where this Privacy Policy is posted, California Business and Professions Code Section 22581 permits you to request and obtain removal of content or information you have publicly posted. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com with a detailed description of the specific content or information. Please be aware that such a request does not ensure complete or comprehensive removal of the content or information you have posted and that there may be circumstances in which the law does not require or allow removal even if requested.
RIGHT TO OPT-OUT OF SALE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
You have the right, at any time, to direct ProBoards not to sell your information as described in Section 6. You may do so by filling out the Do Not Sell My Personal Information form on the Website or emailing us at privacy@proboards.com.
11. How do we protect the privacy of children?
No Users Under 13
ProBoards will never knowingly collect any personal information about children under the age of 13. If we obtain actual knowledge that we have collected personal information about a child under the age of 13, that information will be immediately deleted from our database. Because we do not collect such information, we have no such information to use or to disclose to Third Parties. We have designed this policy in order to comply with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
Right to Opt In For Users 13 to 16
ProBoards will never sell the personal information of users if we have actual knowledge that the user is less than 16 years of age, unless (in the case of consumers between 13 and 16 years of age) the user has affirmatively authorized the sale of their personal information.
Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22581 Disclosure
If you are a California resident under the age of 18, and a registered user of any Website where this Privacy Policy is posted, California Business and Professions Code Section 22581 permits you to request and obtain removal of content or information you have publicly posted. To make such a request, please make a Privacy Request, or contact us at privacy@proboards.com with a detailed description of the specific content or information. Please be aware that such a request does not ensure complete or comprehensive removal of the content or information you have posted and that there may be circumstances in which the law does not require or allow removal even if requested.
12. How can you receive and opt-out from marketing communications?
By providing your email address to ProBoards through the Website or an email initiated by you, you consent to receive emails from us, including information concerning your account and advertising messages. Depending upon your location, we may obtain additional consent from you via a checkbox disclosure or an email requesting confirmation before you can receive such information.
Providing consent to promotional emails is NOT a condition of purchasing any goods or services from ProBoards. You can unsubscribe to advertising emails at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link within the email. Please note that, even if you unsubscribe from advertising emails, we will still send you any necessary, non-promotional emails about your purchase, account, or updates to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.
13. Do we respond to Do Not Track (DNT) Signals?
DNT is a feature offered by some browsers which, when enabled, sends a signal to websites to request that your browsing is not tracked. ProBoards does not currently respond to DNT requests.
14. How will you know when we change the Privacy Policy?
Each time you use the Website, the then-current version of this Privacy Policy will apply. Although most changes are likely to be minor, we reserve the right to modify this Privacy Policy by posting such modification on this page; however, if changes are significant, we may provide a more prominent notice or email you. Depending upon your location, we may obtain additional consent from you via a checkbox disclosure, email, or personal message.
Unless we receive your express consent, any revised Privacy Policy will apply only to information collected after the effective date of such revised Privacy Policy, and not to information collected under any earlier version.
15. How can you contact us regarding this Privacy Policy?
The Website contains a Support Forum, which can be used for electronic contact. If you use this option, the data entered by you in the forum will be transmitted to us and stored as part of your information.
Alternatively, you can contact us via email at privacy@proboards.com. In this case, your information transmitted by email will be stored. If needed, your information will be relayed to our Third-Party partners to for the sole purpose of processing any request by you in the communication.
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Post by Freddie on Mar 19, 2020 23:09:52 GMT 1
The Global Network
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Post by Freddie on Mar 25, 2021 0:56:13 GMT 1
🌐 The Global Network 🌐
LOGOUT
Stardrift Empires NovaCREDITS2STORELUCKY DRAWNews
TIME23:55:04
Planet_9
Valoria
2:45:5
Planet_11
Krasnyj
2:45:6
Planet_41
Nexus
2:45:1
Planet_13
Atlas
2:45:7
Planet_1
Concordia
2:45:8
Planet_31
Andromeda
2:45:15
Planet_8
Sanctus Locus
2:45:2
Planet_2
Zinij
2:45:10
Planet_21
Destiny
2:45:3
ORE361Trade_merchant_iconCRYSTAL327Trade_merchant_iconHYDRO.4,557,847
HOMEFLEETSGALAXYLEADERSTECHBADGESCREW
MISSIONS
BUILDINGS
RESEARCH
SHIPYARD
DEFENSE
FACTORY
WORKERS
ITEMS
99+
ACHIEVEMENTS
Do Awesome Things, Earn Badges!
12595 of 23260 Points
CombatMiscScience/TechAlliance
Solar_leech_paragon
LEVEL 4
Solar Leech
300
Upgrade 9 Solar Arrays to level 25.
Hydrogen_powerhouse_paragon
LEVEL 4
Hydrogen Powerhouse
200
Upgraded 9 Hydrogen Synthesizers to level 20.
Crystal_powerhouse_paragon
LEVEL 4
Crystal Powerhouse
200
Upgrade 9 Crystal mine to level 20.
Ore_powerhouse_3
LEVEL 3
Ore Powerhouse
75
Upgrade 4 Ore Mines to level 13.
Mining_aid_2
LEVEL 2
Mining Aid
50
Possess 12 Mine Droids.
Laser_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Laser Technician
50
Research Laser Tech to level 14.
Capable_builder_paragon
LEVEL 3
Capable Builder
200
Upgrade 9 Capitols to level 10.
Particle_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Particle Technician
50
Research Particle Tech to level 10.
Droid_industrialist
LEVEL 1
Droid Industrialist
20
Upgrade Factory to level 4.
Assisted_building
LEVEL 1
Assisted Building
30
Possess 4 Build Droids.
Automated_crew_2
LEVEL 2
Automated Crew
75
Possess 18 Crew Droids.
A_i_technician_2
LEVEL 2
A.I. Technician
50
Research A.I. Tech to level 12.
Droid_enthusiast
LEVEL 1
Droid Enthusiast
50
Unlock all Droids.
Energy_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Energy Technician
50
Research Energy Tech to level 11.
Guided_research
LEVEL 1
Guided Research
20
Possess 2 Lab Droids.
Technologist_2
LEVEL 2
Technologist
50
Upgrade 1 Research Lab to level 10.
Jet_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Jet Technician
50
Research Jet Drive to level 10.
Shield_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Shield Technician
50
Research Shield Tech to level 12.
Spoils_of_war_paragon
LEVEL 4
Spoils Of War
300
Obtain 100,000,000 total resources cumulatively from Debris Fields.
Hoarder_paragon
LEVEL 4
Hoarder
300
Obtain 25,000,000 total resources in a single harvest mission.
Armor_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Armor Technician
75
Research Armor Tech to level 12.
Ftl_technician_2
LEVEL 2
FTL Technician
50
Research FTL Tech to level 9.
Plasma_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Plasma Technician
75
Research Plasma Tech to level 9.
Pulse_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Pulse Technician
75
Research Pulse Drive to level 8.
Tech_junkie
LEVEL 1
Tech Junkie
50
Unlock all Tech.
Collective_innovation
LEVEL 1
Collective Innovation
100
Obtain an Advanced Research Communication Network.
Warp_technician_2
LEVEL 2
Warp Technician
100
Research Warp Drive to level 8.
Defense_specialist
LEVEL 1
Defense Specialist
75
Unlock all Defenses.
Espionage_technician
LEVEL 1
Espionage Technician
50
Research Espionage Tech to level 10.
Expedition_technician
LEVEL 1
Expedition Technician
75
Research Expedition Tech to level 8.
Desperado_2
LEVEL 2
Desperado
50
Plunder 500,000 total resources in a single attack.
Barnacle_1
LEVEL 1
Barnacle
30
Plunder 500,000 total resources cumulatively from Krug, Urcath, and Seeker Encounters.
Mission_chief
LEVEL 1
Mission Chief
100
Unlock all Missions.
Locked
Building Mogul
75
Unlock all Buildings.
Locked
Ship Master
100
Unlock all Ships.
Locked
Completionist
200
Completely unlock the Tech Tree.
Locked
Star Of Death
75
Possess a Zeus Class Assault Unit.
Locked
Ore Powerhouse: Paragon
200
Upgrade 9 Ore mines to level 20.
(18 of 20)
Locked
Agile Architect: 1
20
Build 1 Foundry.
Locked
Lunar Expansion
200
Upgrade 4 Lunar Bases to level 5.
Locked
Desperado: 3
100
Plunder 1,000,000 total resources in a single attack.
Locked
Pillager: 1
20
Plunder 1,000,000 total resources cumulatively.
(584550 of 1000000)
Locked
Tricks Of The Trade
20
Trade 2,000,000 amount of total resources cumulatively.
(0 of 2000000)
Locked
War Machine
100
Possess a Hephaestus Class Attack Platform
Locked
Barnacle: 2
50
Plunder 10,000,000 total resources cumulatively from Krug, Urcath, and Seeker Encounters.
(584550 of 10000000)
FACEBOOK | SUPPORT | RULES WIKI MESSAGE BOARD | FAQ | OPTIONS |
Stardrift Empires - Nova
Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. ©2021 Blue Frog Gaming. All rights reserved.
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Post by Freddie on Apr 6, 2021 20:28:36 GMT 1
🌐 The Global Network 🌐
Open main menu
Search
Joint Chiefs of Staff
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For other uses, see Joint Chiefs of Staff (disambiguation).
The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the United States Department of Defense, that advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of a chairman (CJCS), a vice chairman (VJCS), the service chiefs of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, and the chief of the National Guard Bureau.[1][2][JCS 1] Each of the individual service chiefs, outside their JCS obligations, work directly under the secretaries of their respective military departments, e.g. the secretary of the Army, the secretary of the Navy, and the secretary of the Air Force.[3][4][5][6]
Joint Chiefs of Staff
JCS
Joint Chiefs of Staff seal.svg
Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
Role
Advisory board providing professional military advice to the Secretary of Defense and the President
Established in practice
1942
Constituting instrument
National Security Act of 1947
currently codified at
10 U.S.C. § 151
Predecessor entities
Joint Board
(1903–1942)
Members
Chairman
GEN Mark A. Milley, USA
Vice Chairman
Gen John E. Hyten, USAF
Number of members
Eight
Administration
Parent agency
U.S. Department of Defense
Staff organization
The Joint Staff (for the Chairman and the Vice Chairman; the service chiefs and the National Guard Bureau chief have their own staffs assisting them)
Seat
The Pentagon
Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff do not have operational command authority, either individually or collectively, as the chain of command goes from the president to the secretary of defense, and from the secretary to the regional combatant commanders.[7] Goldwater–Nichols also created the office of vice chairman, and the chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the president.[8]
The Joint Staff (JS) is a headquarters staff in the Pentagon, composed of personnel from each of the six service branches, that assists the chairman and the vice chairman in discharging their responsibilities and is managed by the director of the Joint Staff (DJS).[9]
Role and responsibilities Edit
The Joint Chiefs of Staff in December 2020.
After the 1986 reorganization of the Armed Forces undertaken by the Goldwater–Nichols Act, the Joint Chiefs of Staff does not possess operational authority over troops or other units. Responsibility for conducting military operations goes from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the commanders of the unified combatant commands and thus bypasses the Joint Chiefs of Staff completely.
Today, their primary responsibility is to ensure personnel readiness, policy, planning and training of their respective services for the combatant commanders to utilize. The Joint Chiefs of Staff also act in an advisory capacity for the president of the United States and the secretary of defense. In addition, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff acts as the chief military advisor to the president and the secretary of defense. In this strictly advisory role, the Joint Chiefs constitute the third-highest deliberatory body for military policy, after the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, which includes the president and other officials besides the chairman of the Joint Chiefs.
While serving as the chairman or vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, chief of staff of the Army, commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, chief of staff of the Air Force, or commandant of the Coast Guard, the salary is $15,583.20 a month,[10] regardless of cumulative years of service completed under section 205 of title 37, United States Code.
Current members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Edit
Position Photograph Name Service Flag
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General
Mark A. Milley United States Army
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General
John E. Hyten United States Air Force
Chief of Staff of the Army General
James C. McConville United States Army
Commandant of the Marine Corps General
David H. Berger United States Marine Corps
Chief of Naval Operations Admiral
Michael M. Gilday United States Navy
Chief of Staff of the Air Force General
Charles Q. Brown Jr. United States Air Force
Chief of the National Guard Bureau General
Daniel R. Hokanson United States Army
Chief of Space Operations General
John W. Raymond United States Space Force
Non-member attendee Edit
Position Photograph Name Service Flag
Commandant of the Coast Guard Admiral
Karl L. Schultz United States Coast Guard
Although it is a branch of the Armed Forces pursuant to 14 U.S.C. § 101, the Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Defense, except when the president (e.g., in times of war or national emergency) transfers it to the Department of the Navy.[11] The commandant of the Coast Guard is not a de jure member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff but is sometimes regarded as a de facto member, being entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs,[12] and occasionally attending meetings of the JCS by invitation.[13] Unlike the Joint Chiefs, who are not actually in the military's operational chain of command, the commandant is both the administrative and the operational commander of the service.
History Edit
Joint Board Edit
United States secretary of defense Harold Brown and deputy secretary of defense Charles W. Duncan Jr with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown and the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon 1977.
As the U.S. military grew in size following the American Civil War, joint military action between the Army and Navy became increasingly difficult. The Army and Navy were unsupportive of each other at either the planning or operational level and were constrained by disagreements during the Spanish–American War in the Caribbean campaigns.[14][15] The Joint Army and Navy Board was established in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, comprising representatives from the military heads and chief planners of both the Navy's General Board and the Army's General Staff. The Joint Board acting as an "advisory committee" was created to plan joint operations and resolve problems of common rivalry between the two services.[14][15]
Yet, the Joint Board accomplished little, as its charter gave it no authority to enforce its decisions. The Joint Board also lacked the ability to originate its own opinions and was thus limited to commenting only on the problems submitted to it by the secretaries of war and Navy. As a result, the Joint Board had little to no impact on the manner in which the United States conducted World War I.
After World War I, in 1919 the two secretaries agreed to reestablish and revitalize the Joint Board. The mission of the General Staff was to develop plans for mobilization for the next war; the U.S. was always designated "blue" and potential enemies were assigned various other colors.[16]
This time, the Joint Board's membership would include the chiefs of staff, their deputies, and the chief of war plans division for the Army and director of plans division for the Navy. Under the Joint Board would be a staff called the Joint Planning Committee to serve the board. Along with new membership, the Joint Board could initiate recommendations on its own initiative. However, the Joint Board still did not possess the legal authority to enforce its decisions.
World War II Edit
Joint Chiefs of Staff meeting (circa 1943). From left to right are: Gen. Henry H. Arnold, Chief of the Army Air Forces; Adm. William D. Leahy, Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy; Adm. Ernest J. King, Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations; and Gen. George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill established the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) during the 1942 Arcadia Conference.[17] The CCS would serve as the supreme military body for strategic direction of the joint U.S.–UK war effort.
The UK portion of the CCS would be composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, but the United States had no equivalent body. The Joint Board's lack of authority made it of little use to the CCS, although its 1935 publication, Joint Action of the Army and Navy, did give some guidance for the joint operations during World War II. The Joint Board had little influence during the war and was ultimately disbanded in 1947.
As a counterpart to the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee in the CCS, and to provide better coordinated effort and coordinated staff work for America's military effort, Admiral William D. Leahy proposed a "unified high command" in what would come to be called the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Modeled on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, the JCS' first formal meeting was held on 9 February 1942, to coordinate operations between War and Navy Departments.[17][18] The official history of the Army Air Forces noted that although there was "no official charter establishing this committee...by the end of February it had assumed responsibilities toward the American war effort comparable to the CCS on the combined level."[19] On 20 July 1942, Admiral Leahy became the "Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief", with all individual service chiefs operating under his authority.
The first members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were:[20]
Name Service Position
Admiral William D. Leahy USN Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy and
Special Presidential Military Advisor
General George C. Marshall USA Chief of Staff of the United States Army (CSUSA)
Admiral Ernest J. King USN Commander in Chief of the United States Fleet and
Chief of Naval Operations (COMINCH-CNO)
General Henry H. 'Hap' Arnold USA Chief of the Army Air Forces and Deputy Chief of Staff for Air
The Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1960. From left to right are: Army Chief of Staff, Gen. Lyman Lemnitzer; Navy Chief of Operations, Adm. Arleigh Burke; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Nathan F. Twining; Air Force Chief of Staff, Gen. Thomas D. White; Marine Corps Commandant Gen. David M. Shoup.
Each of the members of the original Joint Chiefs was a four-star flag or general officer in his service branch. By the end of the war each had been promoted: Leahy and King to Fleet Admiral; Marshall and Arnold to General of the Army. Arnold was later appointed to the grade of General of the Air Force.
One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's committees was the Joint Strategic Survey Committee (JSSC). The JSSC, "one of the most influential planning agencies in the wartime armed forces", was an extraordinary JCS committee that existed from 1942 until 1947.[21] Members included Lieutenant General Stanley D. Embick, U.S. Army, chairman, 1942–1946, Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy, 1942–1945, Vice Admiral Theodore Stark Wilkinson, U.S. Navy, 1946, and Major General Muir S. Fairchild, U.S. Army Air Force, 1942–?.
National Security Act of 1947 Edit
The Joint Chiefs of Staff and several combatant commanders gathered at the Pentagon on 1 July 1983.
With the end of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was officially established under the National Security Act of 1947. Per the National Security Act, the JCS consisted of a chairman, the chief of staff of the Army, the chief of staff of the Air Force (which was established as a separate service by the same Act), and the chief of naval operations. The commandant of the Marine Corps was to be consulted on matters concerning the Corps, but was not a regular member; General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., Commandant in 1952–55, was the first to sit as an occasional member. The law was amended during the term of General Louis H. Wilson, Jr. (1975–79), making the commandant a full-time JCS member in parity with the other three DoD services.
The position of vice chairman was created by the Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 to complement the CJCS, as well as to delegate some of the chairman's responsibilities, particularly resource allocation through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC).
General Colin L. Powell (1989–1993) was the first African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Charles Q. Brown Jr. was the first African-American to be appointed as Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force and the first African-American to lead any branch of the services. General Richard B. Myers (Chairman, 2001-2005) was the first Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to serve as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice Chairman 2001–2005; Chairman, 2005–2007) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
National Defense Authorization Act of 2012 Edit
A provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act added the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Guard historians called it the "most significant development" for the National Guard since the Militia Act of 1903.[1]
National Defense Authorization Act of 2020 Edit
The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act established the U.S. Space Force on 20 December 2019. The Space Force is headed by the chief of space operations, who reports directly to the secretary of the Air Force. Pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 9082, the chief of space operations became a statutory member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 20 December 2020.[22]
Organization and leadership positions Edit
Chairman Edit
Main article: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2002
The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest-ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces,[23] and the principal military adviser to the president of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the chief of staff of the United States Army, the commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the chief of naval operations, the chief of staff of the United States Air Force, the Chief of Space Operations (statutory member after December 2020), and the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in the Pentagon. The chairman outranks all service chiefs,[24] but does not maintain authority over them, their branches or the Unified Combatant Commands.[24] All combatant commanders receive their orders directly from the secretary of defense.[25]
On 20 July 1942, Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy became Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief (20 July 1942 – 21 March 1949). He was not technically the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff". That post was established and first held by General of the Army Omar Bradley in 1949.
The current and 20th chairman is General Mark A. Milley, who began his tenure on 30 September 2019.
Vice Chairman Edit
Main article: Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
The position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was created by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The vice chairman is a four-star-general or admiral and, by law, is the second highest-ranking member of the U.S. Armed Forces (after the chairman). In the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He may also perform such duties as the chairman may prescribe. It was not until the National Defense Authorization Act in 1992 that the position was made a full voting member of the JCS.[26]
The current vice chairman is General John E. Hyten, who began his tenure on 21 November 2019.
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman Edit
Main article: Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
The senior enlisted advisor to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC) advises on all matters concerning joint and combined total force integration, utilization, development, and helps develop noncommissioned officers related joint professional education, enhance utilization of senior NCOs on joint battle staffs, and support the chairman's responsibilities as directed.
Command Sergeant Major William Gainey, was the first SEAC, serving from 1 October 2005. The current SEAC is Ramón Colón-López, who was sworn in by General Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on 13 December 2019, replacing SEAC John W. Troxell.
Joint Staff Edit
The Joint Staff
Joint Staff badge.jpg
Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge (Joint Staff version)
Agency overview
Formed
1949
Headquarters
The Pentagon
Employees
Approx. 1,500
Agency executive
LTG Andrew P. Poppas (DJS)
Parent agency
Department of Defense
The Joint Staff Organization Chart as of March 2018
The Joint Chiefs of Staff annual meeting with the commanders of unified and specified command at The Pentagon, Joint Chiefs of Staff Room also known as "The Tank" on January 15, 1981.
Members of The Joint Chiefs of Staff with U.S. Secretary of Defense in 1973.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff (seated) and the directors of the Joint Staff directorates (standing), November 1989.
The Joint Staff (JS)[27][28]:2020–01-24–100230-123 is a military headquarters staff based at the Pentagon, (with offices in Hampton Roads, Virginia, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington and Fort McNair, District of Columbia) composed of personnel from all the five armed services, assisting the chairman and the vice chairman in discharging their responsibilities. They work closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the military department staffs, and the Combatant Command staffs.
The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is assisted by the director of the Joint Staff (DJS), a three-star officer who assists the chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard, who have been assigned to assist the chairman in providing to the secretary of defense unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, space, and air forces.
The 27th secretary of defense has tasked the Joint Staff with developing a Joint Warfighting Concept[JadConcept 1] for the services by December 2020.[29] Developing Joint all-domain command and control (JADC2) as a concept[JadConcept 1] is a key goal of the 20th CJCS.[29] An OSD/Joint Staff Cross-Functional Team for JADC2 is underway.[30] The 27th secretary of defense ordered the four services and the Joint Staff to create a new joint warfighting concept for All-domain operations, operating simultaneously in the air, land, sea, space, cyber, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS).[31] The Joint Chiefs and Combatant Commanders witnessed demonstrations of the concept in September 2020.[32]
Organization Edit
The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action.[33]
Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Director, Joint Staff - assists the Chairman in his role as advisor to the President and Secretary of Defense, coordinates and directs activities of the Joint Staff in support of the Chairman, and serves as the staff inspector general.
Vice Director, Joint Staff
J1 - Director, Manpower and Personnel
J2 - Director, Intelligence
J3 - Director, Operations
J4 - Director, Logistics
J5 - Director, Strategy, Plans, and Policy
J6 - Director, Command, Control, Communications, and Computers / Chief Information Officer
J7 - Director, Joint Force Development
J8 - Director, Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment
Director of Management
Joint History Office - record activities of the chairman and the Joint Staff
Assistant to the Chairman - oversees matters requiring close personal control by the chairman with particular focus on international relations and politico-military concerns
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman (SEAC) - advisor to the chairman on all matters involving joint and combined total force integration, utilization, health of the force, and joint development for enlisted personnel
Directorates of the Joint Staff Edit
The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action.[33]
Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)
DOM – Directorate of Management
J1 – Personnel and Manpower
J2 – Intelligence
The National Military Joint Intelligence Center (NMJIC) is part of the J2 directorate and is staffed by Defense Intelligence Agency personnel
J3 – Operations
The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the J3 directorate
J4 – Logistics
J5 – Strategic Plans and Policy
J6 – Command, Control, Communications and Computers/Cyber[34]
The J-6 directorate is one of a group of agencies that administer the SIPRNet. Other administrators include: the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Defense Information Systems Agency.[35] The J-6 chairs the DOD's Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computers Executive Board (MC4EB)[36] which works in conjunction with the multinational Combined Communications-Electronics Board.
The J-6 Joint Deployable Analysis Team (JDAT) conducts assessments in conjunction with Combatant Command exercises, experiments, and test and evaluation events.[37]
J7 – Joint Force Development
The J-7 is responsible for the six functions of joint force development: Doctrine, Education, Concept Development & Experimentation, Training, Exercises and Lessons Learned.
J8 – Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment
Joint Chiefs of Staff: Civilian awards Edit
The Joint Chiefs may recognize private citizens, organizations or career civilian government employees for significant achievements provided to the joint community with one of the following decorations/awards.[38]
CJCS Award for Distinguished Public Service (DPS)
CJCS Award for Outstanding Public Service (OPS)
CJCS Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award
CJCS Joint Meritorious Civilian Service Award
Joint Civilian Service Commendation Award (JCSCA)
Joint Civilian Service Achievement Award (JCSAA)
Coast Guard Edit
Although, as discussed above, the commandant of the Coast Guard is not an ex officio member of the JCS like the other service chiefs, Coast Guard officers are legally eligible to be appointed as Chairman and Vice Chairman, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 152(a)(1) and 10 U.S.C. § 154(a)(1) respectively, which use the collective term "armed forces" rather than listing the eligible services, as well as to other positions on the Joint Staff. As of 2020, no Coast Guard officer has been appointed Chairman or Vice Chairman, but Coast Guard officers routinely serve on the JCS staff, including one vice admiral who was appointed to serve as J6 in 2016.
Gallery
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Last edited 12 days ago by SuperWIKI
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, 10a, 10b; added 2c, 2d, 4d, 4e)